我国服务贸易结构与贸易竞争力的实证分析

对近10年来我国服务贸易进出口贸易结构进行了经验分析,对服务贸易各部门的贸易竞争力指数和Michaely竞争优势指数进行了测算。结果表明:我国服务贸易进出口结构不合理,现代服务业发展滞后;总体国际竞争力差,发展不平衡。并对此进行了分析,得出了一些有益的启示。     

Reducing the Size of Internal Hierarchy: The Case of Multi-Unit Franchising

Successive layers of supervisor–subordinate relationships in organizations often distort information, increase monitoring costs, and lead to a cumulative loss of control. This paper discusses how some organizations can reduce their internal hierarchy by slicing it into two components and substituting the supervisor–subordinate relationship with an independent contract. This substitution allows the organization to shift its lower-level hierarchy to the contractors. These contractors are less likely to indulge in moral hazard, which can further reduce the size of hierarchy required. The paper examines this theory in the domain of multi-unit franchising and tests the hypotheses with a longitudinal data set.     

关于国际贸易利益分配的思考

对于一个国家或者地区而言,国际贸易的利益巨大,能够有效推动经济发展。受贸易额和对外贸易出口的商品结构等因素影响,我国国际贸易在利益分配方面存在国际贸易处于劣势、制度有待完善以及技术和人才匮乏等问题。我国应改善劳动密集型生产规模与质量,改革创新贸易技术与重视人才培养,积极创新符合国情的贸易制度,使我国在贸易中保持绝对优势。     

我国服务贸易国际竞争力研究

随着服务业的对外开放,我国服务贸易发展迅速,2009年服务贸易出口排名世界第五.但是,与发达国家相比,我国服务贸易竞争力较弱,制约了我国服务贸易的发展.本文在数据调研的基础上,分别利用国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数和显性比较优势指数三个指标对我国服务贸易竞争力进行了分析,并提出了提升我国服务贸易竞争力的对策.     

The Influence of the Provision of Online Channel Functions on Exporting Channel Performance: The Moderating Effect of International Experience

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the provision of two online channel functions on exporting channel performance, using international experience as a moderating variable. The study setting is Taiwan. The results confirm that the provision of online communication and transaction functions can increase exporting channel performance. Moreover, international experience can better facilitate the effect of the provision of online transaction functions on exporters’ channel performance for less-experienced firms rather than for experienced firms. However, its facilitation reverses in course of the provision of online communication functions (albeit in a different direction than hypothesized).     

美国商品流通渠道的结构与变迁 --基于美国经济史的研究

本文通过对美国200余年经济史的考察,对美国商品流通渠道的结构与变迁过程进行了较为深入的研究。研究的初步结论是:美国商品流通渠道结构的演变过程是伴随着美国工业化过程进行的,商品流通渠道结构的演变是对工业化进程的回应;美国工业化过程中生产技术、体制的变化是商品流通渠道结构演变的基本动力。     

International Business Versus International Management? International Strategic Management from the View of point of Internalisation Theory

This article examines the theoretical bases of both international management and the internalisation approach to international business. Similarities include: attention to the ‘make or buy’ decision, interaction between locational and organisational variables and attention to internal control mechanisms. International management pays particular attention to the specific constraints on the firm's strategy arising from its history, dominant culture and leadership and to the process of management. The two approaches are used to analyse a single problem: the management of research and development, and it is found that important differences in emphasis remain. The approaches contrast but do not conflict.     

商贸流通服务业影响力政策分析

重新认识和充分发挥商贸流通服务业的影响力已成为新世纪国内外关注的重大前沿问题,更是践行科学发展观、转变发展方式、落实中央一系列战略意图的全局性问题。商贸流通服务业影响力是商贸流通服务业直接贡献和间接贡献(外溢效应或外部性)的总称。以往商贸流通服务业影响力被低估,与忽视其溢出效应有直接关系。商贸流通服务业的外溢效应对于提高国民经济运行质量、优化国民经济流程、调整国民经济结构、扩大国内需求、增进社会总福利等全局性的潜移默化的影响能力,可能远远大于它所提供的直接贡献,低估这种外溢效应是长期以"来重生产、轻流通"的真正原因之一。     

Dimensions of International Negotiations: Structures, Processes, and Outcomes

Cases of international negotiation are compared in terms of their similarities and dissimilarities. Using both primary and secondary source materials, each case is coded in terms of aspects of the issues, structure, situation, processes, and outcomes of negotiation. One analysis consisted of 23 cases in which Austrian delegations participated. Multidimensional scaling results indicated that a key dimension was the distinction between small bilateral talks and larger multilateral negotiations. Bilateral talks were more likely to be characterized by treaties, low turnover, stage-like processes, and no deadlines. Correlational findings also showed that outside influences had stronger impacts on outcomes than such internal factors as bureaucratic support. A second scaling analysis, based on cases published by the Johns Hopkins' Foreign Policy Institute, produced two dimensions, number and complexity of the issues. The groupings of the cases also corresponded to Ikle's distinctions among types of negotiation. Correlational findings indicated relationships among aspects of the negotiating situation and outcomes. The article concludes with a comparison of the two analyses.     

Channel Management Through Selective Announcement of Reward and Punishment Decisions

Purpose: Although channel influence strategies such as reward and punishment are useful for firms to manage certain channel partners, the social effect of these strategies has not been examined in the literature. In practice, firms selectively announce their reward and punishment decisions, hoping that these announcements can help encourage or prevent the channel behaviors of other channel members. The main purpose of this article is to provide a theoretical understanding of this business practice in channel management.

Methodology: The authors conducted interviews and a scenario experiment with sales managers. The experiment is a 2 (degree of institutionalization: high vs. low)?×?2 (power of distributors: powerful vs. less powerful)?×?2 (influence strategy: punishment vs. reward) design.

Findings: The authors found that firms are more likely to announce their reward decisions than punishment decisions. Also, when institutionalization of marketing channel is low, firms tend to announce all their reward decisions, but they are reluctant to announce their punishment decisions regarding powerful channel members. When institutionalization of marketing channel is high, we find that firms are more likely to announce rewards and punishments regarding less powerful channel members.

Contribution: An important contribution of this research is that we are among the first to explore the social effects of power exercise in channel management. We extend the channel power literature by arguing that selective announcements of power exercise (reward and punishment) can influence more channel members. In addition, we combine institutional theory and channel power theory to explain the underlying mechanisms. That is, the degree of institutionalization in marketing channel influences how firms make selective public announcements of their channel decisions.     

国际服务业走势与北京承接服务业国际转移的对策

世界经济重心由欧美向亚太地区的转移,服务业日渐成为经济增长的主导产业,这是半个多世纪以来世界经济的两大现实。北京的经济发展现状显示,北京完全具备承接服务业国际转移的比较优势。及时把握国际现代服务业的发展趋势,采取一系列积极措施,促进国际服务业向北京地区转移,既是北京市面临的时代机遇,同时也是一次挑战。     

中美两国运输服务贸易的国际竞争力比较分析

通过对中美两国运输服务贸易的国际竞争力比较分析,得出我国运输服务贸易的国际竞争力比较弱的结论。鉴于运输服务贸易的重要性及我国现实国情,政府应将运输服务贸易作为发展我国服务贸易的重点之一,努力提高其国际竞争力,即加强中国运输产业自身发展,加强对运输服务贸易的政策导向及扶持力度;加强专业人才培养和引进,提高运输服务质量;努力开拓海内外市场,实现规模经营。     

Marketing's Interfunctional Interfaces: The MSI Workshop on Management of Corporate Fault Zones

This paper first introduces the purposes and processesof the Marketing Science Institute's Workshop on Interfunctional Interfaces: The Management of Corporate Fault Zones. The motivatingissues of value migration and market orientation are considerednext followed by discussion of marketing's paradigm shift. Thelast half of the paper deals with several management problemsand research issues which were identified during the workshop.Hopefully, these questions and research needs will help to acceleratedevelopment of research into these interface issues.     

国际制造业转移及其知识产权战略研究

三百年来,国际制造业的中心经历了几次转移,几乎每一次转移都与科学技术的创新发明浪潮有关。知识产权是现代经济的产物,随着科学技术对制造业发展的作用愈加重要,一国知识产权战略的运用也愈加影响其国内制造业的兴衰。本文通过国际制造业中心转移的几次经历分析相关国家所采取的知识产权战略,重点分析美国对知识产权保护态度的转变情况,从而为我国目前所采取的知识产权战略提供依据。     

上游补贴规则:国际反补贴法的重大发展——基于美国商务部实践的考察

上游补贴概念的提出,赋予了补贴更加宽泛的定义和判断标准,将反补贴的价值理念拓展至产品的生产要素领域,从而扩大了反补贴调查的适用范围。而美国商务部在实践中所演绎出的一整套补贴利益传递分析方法,则为抵消上游补贴对自由竞争造成的损害确立了可供操作的、相对严格的规则框架,是对国际反补贴法的重大发展。我国亟需深入研究和借鉴美国上游补贴的立法和实践。