Relationship Between Organizational Form and Organizational Memory: An Investigation in a Professional Service Organization

The goal of this research is to study the relation between organizational form (OF) and organizational memory (OM). It examines what kind of roles OM plays in different OFs--that is, how OM is used in organizational action--and whether changes in a firm's organizational form relate to changes in the role of OM. These relationships are examined in the context of how information technology (IT) is used to support organizational remembering. The study outlines different manifestations of OM in 1 company as it underwent major organizational transformations during a 3-year period. The manifestations are grouped into "bins," expanding the storage structure concept by Walsh and Ungson to include OM contents and processes of use. The bins are supplemented with an additional bin, the organizational information space, to address the collaborative aspect of OM. Another new construct, the organizational memory profile, is introduced to summarize the combination of OM manifestations in a particular organization at a particular time. The OM profiles are outlined for the case company and they show marked differences between OFs. This upholds the claim that different OFs present different kinds of arenas for OM. IT support for various bins is analyzed and a variety of IT support is recognized. This upholds the view that several OM support systems are needed and that IT can play a significant role in making past events more accessible.     

Public Marketing in the Relationship Between Public Administration and External Environment

No abstract available for this article.     

The Dissemination and Content of Drug Prevention Public Service Announcements

Drug Prevention public service announcements (PSA) campaigns have historically been unsuccessful, in part because of dissemination problems and a lack of targeting and message development. This study looked at one week's television programming to address the dissemination issue. Content analysis was used to discern the target and type of appeals used in drug prevention PSAs. Implications for future research to aid PSA developers in creating effective PSAs are discussed.     

The Relationship Between Communicable Diseases and FDI Flows: An Empirical Investigation

This paper focuses on the impact of communicable diseases, which affects the population health component of human capital on worldwide FDI flows. The model controls for endogeneity that can stem from the interconnected relationship between FDI, population health and per capita GDP. After controlling for this endogeneity, we find that communicable diseases have a statistically significant negative effect on FDI, which is 2 to 5 times larger than when using ordinary least squares. The results remain robust to alternative model specifications.     

城市化与城市公共支出关系研究

基于1994-2008年的数据,本文运用向量自回归模型,实证分析了我国地级及以上城市的城市化水平与城市公共支出的关系。研究结果表明城市化是城市公共支出的Granger原因,城市化水平与城市公共支出具有长期、稳定的协整关系,但是城市公共支出却不是城市化的Grang-er原因;城市政府在安排公共支出的规模、结构、城区分布,以及提高公共支出效率等政策选择时应考虑城市化的水平。     

An Investigation into Potential Moderating Effects of the Relationship Between Actual and Perceived Market Orientation

Abstract

This study examines the gaps between a firm's actual (self-reported) market orientation and the channel partner's perceptions of the firm's market orientation and factors that may moderate that gap. Expected differences between the measures were found, but in an unanticipated direction-perceptions of market orientation received higher ratings than actual market orientation. To gain a fuller understanding of this difference, variables that may moderate the perceptual gap were tested. Communication was found to be an important moderator of this relationship between actual and perceived market orientation.     

The Relationship Between Ethical Ideology and Ethical Behavior Intentions: An Exploratory Look at Physicians' Responses to Managed Care Dilemmas

Within the past few years, managed care health insurance programs have become commonplace. With managed care programs, however, physicians are facing increasing ethical pressures. This paper examines the relationship between physicians' behavior intentions with respect to four managed care ethical scenarios and their responses to Forsyth's (1980) Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ). This is one of the first papers to compare this scale to behavioral intentions in the workplace. We provide a literature review of the ethical dilemmas that doctors face under a managed care system and conduct a national random sample of general practitioners and surgeons regarding the four managed care ethical dilemmas. The results show that the doctors surveyed are significantly more idealistic than relativistic. In relating the EPQ to the ethical scenarios, however, there was no support for the proposition that ethical ideology was related to the ethical behavioral intentions. This suggests more research is needed to establish the links between ethical positions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Finally, there were little differences in EPQ scores by practice or demographic variables, the only significant result being that general surgeons are significantly more idealistic than family practitioners.     

An Examination of the Relationship Between Employee Behavior/ Non-Behavior and Customer Satisfaction in Quick Service Restaurants

ABSTRACT

The major objective of this research is to explore the relationship between employee behavior/non-behavior and customer satisfaction in quick service restaurants. Four behavioral components (employee reliability, employee responsiveness, employee assurance, and employee empathy) and one non-behavioral component (the physical environment) are identified.

The survey questionnaire included the modified SERVQUAL instrument (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry, 1991) in addition to questions about satisfaction. A convenience sample of 125 participants was used to collect data by frequenting selected quick service restaurants. The results identified significant positive correlations between three of the five behavior/non-behavior constructs (employee responsiveness, employee assurance, and the physical environment) with three of the four identified dimensions of customer satisfaction (satisfaction with the food, satisfaction with the task/service, satisfaction with the price, and overall satisfaction).     

网络消费者行为与电子商务服务质量的关系

网络企业在非价格方面的竞争优势已成为吸引和留住消费者的关键。本文从阐述有关网络消费者行为理论开始。提出了影响网络消费行为意向的服务质量模型，并展开了实证研究。从上海、杭州和宁波等地随机选取250个被试进行了问卷调查，并用SPSS11．5软件对数据进行了分析。旨在对中国的有关“电子商务服务质量”和“网络消费者行为”领域做些初步探索，以起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

中西公共服务市场化改革比较研究

公共服务市场化改革既是当代西方各国公共治理变革的共同趋势,也是中国行政改革的热点问题。中国公共服务市场化改革与西方国家既有相似点,也有很大的差别,通过中西比较研究可以为中国公共服务市场化改革提供有益的启示。     

价值判断与公司竞争力的关系分析

如何提升竞争力是公司非常关心的问题。但是不确定性和决策者的有限理性会影响到公司对竞争战略的价值判断,从而影响到公司的竞争力。运用展望理论和顾客净资产理论对此进行分析,提出一些提升公司竞争力的建议。     

Board Members in the Service Industry: An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation and Directorial Type

One area of business performance of particular interest to both scholars and practitioners is corporate social responsibility. The notion that organizations should be attentive to the needs of constituents other than shareholders has been investigated and vigorously debated for over two decades. This has provoked an especially rich and diverse literature investigating the relationship between business and society. As a result, researchers have urged the study of the profiles and backgrounds of corporate upper echelons in order to better understand this relationship.There is ample evidence that corporations have in recent years increased the proportion of outside directors on their boards. This has been partly in reaction to increased interest in the corporate social responsiveness of business organizations and suggestions that the board of directors could play a unique role in this area. The expectation on the part of practitioners, researchers, and governmental regulators is that outside directors will advocate greater corporate responsiveness to society's needs by playing a more active role in overseeing managerial decisions.The purpose of this study is to partially fill a void in the literature by determining whether or not these expectations are justified, particularly in the service industry. Data were collected as part of a larger cross-national study of corporate social responsibility. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of the results of a survey of 307 board members (198 outside and 109 inside directors) indicates that outside directors exhibit greater concern about the discretionary component of corporate responsibility and a weaker orientation toward economic performance. No significant differences between the two groups were observed with respect to the legal and ethical dimensions of corporate social responsibility. Some explanations as well as limited generalizations and implications are developed.     

跨国公司与东道国关系制度分析

跨国公司与东道国之间的博弈结果是双方受益,因而是一种“正和博弈”。东道国的FDI制度以及跨国公司FDI制度都是这种博弈的均衡结果,通过内生博弈规则和外生规则内部化而完成了作为整体的FDI制度的自我维系过程。由于信息的不对称和国家的多重悖论,加剧了博弈的复杂性,因而形成了动态的、连续的多阶段均衡,其外在表现就是FDI输入既有连续性、规律性,又有波动性、不确定性。     

转型时期腐败和地方政府公共投资效率的关联分析

运用寻租经济学的分析方法,本文对经济转型时期地方官员腐败和公共投资效率两者之间的内在关联进行了综合研究,结合中国情形进行简要的实证分析,指出基于转型时期有效监管制度的缺失,腐败对地方政府公共投资的规模效率、结构效率以及产出效率都产生了不同程度的负面效应.也就是说,作为带有高成本特性的一种"暗税",腐败租金的存在不仅会导致区域内私人投资偏离社会期望的适度投资率,也会人为增大区域公共投资规模、扭曲区域公共投资结构,并降低区域内公共投资的产出水平.     

An Investigation into the Relationship Between Consumer Satisfaction,Marketing Performance,and Firm Performance in a Services Environment

Abstract

The study reported investigates the relationships between consumer satisfaction, marketing performance, and firm performance with the context of service organizations. The results indicate that consumer satisfaction is positively related to marketing performance, explaining more than seventy percent of the variation. However, marketing performance is not shown to be significantly related to firm performance. In addition, firm size is identified as a significant covariate of performance.     

An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship Between Change in Corporate Social Performance and Financial Performance: A Stakeholder Theory Perspective

Stakeholder theory provides a framework for investigating the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance. This relationship is investigated by examining how change in CSP is related to change in financial accounting measures. The findings provide some support for a tenet in stakeholder theory which asserts that the dominant stakeholder group, shareholders, financially benefit when management meets the demands of multiple stakeholders. Specifically, change in CSP was positively associated with growth in sales for the current and subsequent year. This indicates that there are short-term benefits from improving CSP. Return on sales was significantly positively related to change in CSP for the third financial period, indicating that long-term financial benefits may exist when CSP is improved.     

外商直接投资与国内投资关系实证研究

利用计量经济学模型,实证检验了我国不同地区FDI与国内投资之间的关系。在对FDI与国内投资效率进行比较中,得出在我国各地区FDI与国内投资之间均不存在所谓的“挤出效应”,不同地区FDI与国内投资的效率也有所差异,东部地区FDI效率远远高于国内投资效率,而西部地区FDI与国内投资效率差距相对较小的结论。     

An Examination of the Relationship Between Ethical Work Climate and Moral Awareness

This paper draws from the fields of history, sociology, psychology, moral philosophy, and organizational theory to establish a theoretical connection between a social/organizational influence (ethical work climate) and an individual cognitive element of moral behavior (moral awareness). The research was designed to help to fill a gap in the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the connection between organizational influences and individual moral awareness and subsequent ethical choices, which has heretofore largely been merely assumed. Results of the study provide evidence that ethical work climate (EWC) is a primary predictor of individual moral awareness, and that the influence of social factors often overrides the effects of individual differences in a work group setting. Implications for future research are provided.     

An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Capital Acquisition and Bankruptcy Laws

Ineffective capital acquisition decisions at start-up may lead to business failure and bankruptcy; a result which is both costly and disruptive to the owners and other stakeholders of the firm. To cope with the risk of failure, owners embark on a variety of risk-reducing activities whereas the U.S. government attempts to moderate the downside effects of such failures through the rules surrounding bankruptcy. Previous studies imply that as owners become more aware of the protections offered through the government regulation of bankruptcy, they should become less concerned with the effects of failure and be willing to raise higher levels of initial capital. Raising higher levels of initial capital, in turn, leads owners to take actions intended to reduce firm risk and to minimize the threat to their personal financial security. Data from a sample of small firms confirm our hypothesis by showing that as the level of initial capital acquisition increases, owners embark on activities intended to reduce firm risk. However, capital acquisition is not associated with the owner's familiarity with bankruptcy regulations. As a result, governmental objectives in establishing these regulations may not be achieved. Our findings have implications for firms' owners, consultants, and policymakers, in terms of the relationship between an entrepreneur's knowledge of bankruptcy laws and the financing of their enterprises.     

增加农村公共产品供给与减轻农民负担的关系研究

农民负担重,而农村公共产品的有效供给不足,反映出我国农村公共品供应与其成本分担之间的运作系统存在错位失衡,其主要表现是公共品供给的城乡结构失衡,以及由于政府供给主体内部及其与农民需求主体之间对公共品供给影响力的失衡所导致的农村公共品供需系统的结构失衡。据此,应优化更新相应的具体制度政策,以在减轻农民负担的同时增加农村公共品的有效供给,协调二者矛盾。