国际贸易理论演变中的市场选择

国际贸易理论的研究是最古老的经济理论研究体系的一部分,从传统国际贸易理论到新国际贸易理论,研究的内容在发生变化,研究的前提也在不断演进。通过对国际贸易理论中市场选择的变化,分析一国在不同市场条件下如何增进本国福利水平,重点对新贸易理论的两种市场类型进行剖析,从中寻求一国福利改进的路径,从而为我国在贸易中由大国走向强国提出对策。传统贸易理论强调了互补性,而从新贸易理论的两种市场格局来看,垄断竞争的差异产品产业内贸易重点强调互补,是竞争中的互补,而寡头垄断的同质产品产业内贸易重点强调竞争,是互补中的竞争。一国的国际贸易必然是在互补和竞争中逐步提高国民福利水平,提升一国的国际竞争力。     

The Role of Systematic International Market Selection on Small Firms' Export Performance

This article hypothesizes that, on average, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that use a systematic methodology in selecting foreign target markets (what we call systematic market selection) perform better than SMEs using an ad hoc international market selection methodology. Using a sample of Greek exporting firms, we found that systematic international market selection is a significant determinant of export performance, even when controlling for decision-maker and firm-specific characteristics previous studies found to be related to export success. Implications for managers, trade promotion agencies, and future research are discussed.     

基于企业国际经验的国外市场选择和进入模式研究

国际经验对企业选择国外市场进入模式的影响是企业国际化管理研究的重点之一,然而这一问题并没有引起国内理论研究的广泛关注。为了弥补这个缺陷,本文对288家国内上市公司的国际经营数据进行了研究。研究发现,企业国际经验,特别是决策团队的国际经验对国外市场选择和国外市场进入模式存在积极的影响。同时,规模越大、技术含量越高的企业,越倾向于选择资源投入较大的国外市场进入模式。     

汽油抗爆增标剂市场调研报告

现在世界及国内各炼油厂所使用的汽油抗爆剂有甲基叔丁基醚、甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰、甲基叔戊基醚、二茂铁、四乙基铅等，其性状和用途如下：     

Selection of International Marketing Channels

This paper discusses channel selection in international markets. After positioning the problem as one of selecting the most appropriate level of vertical integration, traditional explanations are presented. Following an overview of the transaction cost analysis framework, the implications of this framework for channel selection are discussed. This framework suggests contingent and often opposing effects on channel structure to those found in the literature. Application of the transaction cost analysis framework by managers is demonstrated by showing how to assess such costs, and thus avoid being taken advantage of by opportunistic intermediaries.     

国际市场进入方式决策问题研究

进入国际市场的方式选择既关系到企业在国际市场上如何受益 ,也关系到企业的投资和代价。在出口贸易、许可证贸易和对外直接投资三类进入方式中如何作出选择 ,第一要从价值角度进行分析 ,考察和比较各种方式下的风险报酬和成本 ;第二要从功能角度加以权衡 ,因为国际化经营战略必须考虑生产经营系统向国际市场延伸的深度、供应链的国际化程度以及企业在国际生产经营体系中的地位等问题。当然 ,正确的选择应当是符合国际化目标、企业能力以及有关国家制度环境的方案。     

Awareness Advertising and International Market Segmentation

In recent years, multinational corporations have increasingly employed advertising in markets where their products are not available. Such ‘awareness advertising’ is only in small part for products that are likely to be introduced in those markets in the near future. A significant and larger part of awareness advertising is for products that are unlikely to be sold in the particular market because of government restrictions on commercial importation and sale. In this paper, we will analyse the motivation behind the use of awareness advertising, the benefits that multinational firms may receive from such advertising and its implications for international market segmentation. The paper concludes with a discussion of areas for fruitful future research on awareness advertising.     

国外生态旅游细分市场分析

生态旅游是世界旅游市场最重要的组成部分。对近10年来国外报道的野生生物生态旅游、研究型生态旅游、土著文化生态旅游、基于大众旅游市场的生态旅游等主要生态旅游细分市场进行分析,目的是拓宽我国生态旅游市场开发的途径。     

国际新药市场新在何处?

据美国克里夫兰市场咨询公司最近的调查报告,2000年全球药品销售额为3500亿美元,预计2005年可达4800亿美元,2010年将达到7000亿美元,而支撑医药产业快速发展的主动力就是发达国家不断研制开发的各种新药.据统计,世界前50家医药公司的研发预算达到570亿美元,研发中的新药超过1100个.据分析,有六个方面能显著影响药物发现的周期、产率和质量.这些领域是:研究和研发费用动作的最佳化、重点确定和决策制订、信息和知识、基因组学和其它技术、伙伴关系和联盟、规模经济学.     

国际机器人市场发展透析

自从世界上第一台机器人尤尼梅特(意为万能自动)1961年在美国麻省理工学院问世以来,短短的39年内,机器人研究取得了日新月异的进展,尤其是近10年来,随着电子信息技术的飞速发展,机器人的开发和生产更是突飞猛进,不仅产量激增,而且各种新型工业机器人,服务型机器人和娱乐型机器宠物纷纷面市.日本本田公司和索尼公司最近相继推出行为方式更接受人类的新型机器人ASIMO和SDR-3X,受到各方关注,引起很大的反响.它标志着机器人研制进入了新的发展阶段,预示着机器人产销新高潮的到来.     

Shandan Cashmere -for International Market Expansion

Cashmere, called as soft gold, is akind of high-grade raw material of tex-tile. China is a main supplier of cash-mere on the international market. Chi-na's cashmere mainly comes from In-ner Mongolia, having its quality andoutput ranking first in China. TheShandan Cashmere Product Companyis one of the largest enterprise involv-ing in production of cashmere andcamel hair. Through reform in 1997,Shandan company became a part of alisted corporation -Jinyu Group Corpo-ration. It speeded up its…     

加入WTO后我国OTC药品市场格局与市场战略选择

随着我国加入WTO以及药品分类管理制度和医疗体制改革的推进,我国OTC药品市场在产生初期就面临巨大的挑战,在分析OTC市场格局的基础上,从市场定位、营销网络构建和品牌经营这三个方面提出对策建议。     

A Critical Review of Market Entry Selection and Expansion Into Japan's Market

ABSTRACT

This article offers a contribution to the Japan market entry model selection. It critically analyzes the various models such as the eclectic, transaction cost analysis, Uppsala, resource-based, interactive network, and bargaining power models, with examples as they relate to foreign firms that had used some of these models to successfully establish their businesses in Japan, as well as some foreign firms that have failed in the market. Data were gathered from the past academic journals, the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), newsmagazines, and other sources. Knowledge of corporate Japan and the society played a major role in gathering data for this study. The aim of this article is not to prescribe or offer a solution for the best-available model to use in the market entry into Japan but rather to act as a trigger for a critical checkup on foreign firms planning to internationalize their business and enter the Japanese market. Since there has not been a specific model designed for a Confucian society like Japan, an integrated model combining all the models together was examined using the market entry in Japan of Vodafone, Yahoo, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Bayer Yakuhin as examples. Finally, the article offers some suggestions on how to enter and expand business in the Japanese market.     

Grain War Starts in the International Market

<正>The Chinese Spring Festival has just ended,while the grain war in the international bulk commodity market continues.Rounds of speculation in the financial fe...     

The International Tourism Market in Eastern Europe

Estimates presented of the size of the international tourism markets of the European CMEA countries, the USSR and Yugoslavia show that only Yugoslavia is an established centre for tourist development. Data on tourist arrivals and tourist receipts are presented. International tourist receipts account for approximately two per cent of National Product in Yugoslavia and Hungary and are much smaller in the other economies as far as can be ascertained. The major constraints on further tourist developments in CMEA countries are political and economic planning constraints, the cost of development of tourist amenities and the low priority assigned to tourism. Short-term increases can be brought about by improved marketing and promotion of the considerable attractions of Eastern European countries as tourist destinations.     

跨国零售商海外市场进入模式及其选择

本文认为,并购、特许、合资、有机增长与战略联盟是目前跨国零售商进入海外市场的常用模式,这几种模式具有不同的优势与劣势以及不同的适用条件;跨国零售商海外市场进入模式选择应综合考察东道国环境因素(包括市场因素、经济环境因素、法律政治因素和社会文化因素等)与零售商特定因素(包括零售商规模、零售商专业技能和国际化经验)等。     

市场结构与商业模式创新路径选择

商业模式竞争的核心是商业模式创新,而不同市场环境下,企业进行商业模式创新的路径选择也应有所不同。本文在对商业模式创新路径进行分析的基础上,提出了商业模式创新的节约成本路径和新价值创造路径,进而分析了市场结构与企业商业模式创新之间的内在机理。