Dynamic Benchmarking of Mass Transit Systems in the United States Using Data Envelopment Analysis and the Malmquist Productivity Index

For more than five decades, the federal, state, and local governments have subsidized mass transit systems through sales, gasoline, and property taxes with an expectation that it would improve mobility to low‐income citizens, reduce carbon footprints and traffic congestion, and facilitate regional economic growth. However, in times of financial crisis and chronic government budget deficits, the inefficient use of a mass transit system can increase public outcry over the wasteful spending of government funds and taxpayers’ monies. To find ways to utilize mass transit systems more efficiently across the United States, this paper aimed to identify the benchmark transit practices that every mass transit system can emulate and then continuously improve its performance. To achieve these goals, this paper analyzed the multiple years of past performances of 262 mass transit agencies in the United States using data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist productivity index and then provided practical guidelines for enhancing mass transit efficiency.     

系统动力学在物流系统中的应用分析

分析了物流系统的内涵及其复杂性,并对物流系统进行了界定,论证了系统动力学在物流系统中应用的可行性。在此基础上构架了应用系统动力学分析物流系统的主要步骤。最后对物流库存子系统进行了实例分析,一方面对传统ABC管理等方法的不足进行了分析;另一方面应用系统动力学构架了配送中心库存控制模型。     

浅谈城市大运量公交车辆的发展与应用

快速公交系统(Bus Rapid Transit,BRT)是一种介于地铁与常规公交之间的城市公共交通系统,基于专用的路权、大运量的现代化公交车辆、先进的售票系统、公交优先信号控制、先进的乘客信息系统等技术,提供低成本高品质的公共运输服务。快速公交系统的优势已赢得了我国许多大中型城市的认同,已有北京、杭州、常州等多个城市具有商业运营的快速公交系统。快速公交系统的发展带动了公交车辆的大型化及现代化。对我国大部分的城市,建设真正意义上的快速捷运系统,并分担较多的城市交通量,需要时间。作为过渡阶段,大运量、现代化的公交车辆用于主要的常规公交线路上,将有助于部分地缓解我国常规公交存在的拥挤、服务品质低等问题。     

Successes and failures of the mirroring principle: the case of angling and beauty websites

This article examines whether industries with differing target markets in terms of their customers’ gender reflect the design preferences of their target markets in line with the mirroring principle. An analysis was conducted of websites of industries concentrated alternatively on male and female consumers, namely the angling and beauty salon industries. In each case, a random selection of 60 angling and beauty websites were rated using rating characteristics identified as typical of the male and female web‐design production aesthetic. The fact that each gender has a marked preference for the production aesthetic of its own gender, and that the websites of industries focused on, alternatively, male and female consumers, are produced using a predominantly male design production aesthetic, shows the current failure in certain industries to deliver the empathy or mirroring principle. The male domination of the information technology and web‐design industries, together with the earlier rooting of research on web aesthetics in the universalist, as against the interactionist perspective, are adduced as possible factors in this failure. This failure, if representative of other industries, could be leading to the suboptimal use of web design for markets not dominated by men, and may be one of the factors leading women to be less frequent users of the web than men.     

Achieving Competitive Advantage Through the Application of Open Systems Theory and the Development of Strategic Alliances: A Guide for Managers of Nonprofit Organizations

ABSTRACT

To effectively compete in today's competitive business environment, nonprofit organizations need to operate as open systems developing strategic alliances with key actors. To help managers of nonprofit organizations develop such relationships, open systems theory is explained, the phrase “strategic alliances” is defined, and a system of alliances is presented as a tool for identifying and analyzing potential relationships.     

对网红李子柒的变现模式进行探究分析

本文首先介绍了网红经济的模式,基于营销理论对网红李子柒的变现模式进行探索.分析大家喜爱李子柒作品的原因,李子柒的个人魅力、作品特色与品牌营销,并对李子柒的发展提出建议.     

实行绩效预算的影响因素分析

绩效预算是否可实行主要受政府实施改革的能力、政府内部对改革的授权机制以及改革的可接受性等三方面因素的影响,而且政府在推行绩效预算等预算改革时,其可供操作的政策空间将主要由这三种因素所决定,因而在设计推进改革的具体措施时,不仅应考虑新预算制度在技术上的问题,而是要对影响新预算制度实施的各方面因素予以较全面的关注。     

商业银行绩效评估中PROMETHEE法的应用

本文从PROMETHEE方法出发,在回顾和评判国内外有关银行绩效评估文献的基础上,结合商业银行的营运特点,通过模型分析,对建立一套能客观、合理、简便地评估商业银行绩效的方法作了一些分析。     

高速大容量路由器的基于以太网IPC方式的性能分析

随着因特网的飞速发展，大量的信息包通过路由器进行转发，路由器内部的包处理导致其产生大量的IPC(Inter Processor Communication)消息，这些IPC消息的处理速度对于路由器的性能有很大的影响。本论文中我们考虑处理几十万个以上路由表项的IPC信道的实现，提出基于以太网技术的4种IPC方式。通过性能分析和评价，证明本论文的结果适用于大容量路由器系统的实现。     

基于并行判决法的PCTH-UWB系统性能分析

伪混沌跳时序列(PCTH)最近提出应用于UWB系统。本文分析了PCTH-UWB的工作原理,提出了并行判决法,与直接判决法进行了比较,理论分析及仿真结果表明并行判决法可提高PCTH-UWB系统性能。     

Market Orientation and Organizational Performance in the Nonprofit Context: Exploring Both Concepts and the Relationship Between Them

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the concepts market orientation and organizational performance for nonprofit organizations. To understand the nature of this link in the nonprofit context, the authors will discuss and elaborate on the applicability of both concepts to nonprofits. They will develop multidimensional notions of “societal orientation” and “nonprofit organizational performance,” which fit the specific operating environment of nonprofit organizations engaged in the provision of health and social services. The authors also propose a conceptual framework that relates both notions and present the main underlying propositions. They conclude by suggesting items to empirically measure both constructs and venues for future research.     

常见分集合并系统的性能分析

在移动通信中,分集技术是一种最有效的抗衰落技术。本文对3种常见的线性合并分集技术进行简要分析,给出它们的基带表示和合并器输出信噪比的概率密度函数(pdf),由此给出它们的合并增益。针对系统采用MPSK调制的情况,对瑞利衰落信道的3种合并分集系统的比特误码率(BER)性能进行理论研究,分别给出选择性合并(SC)和最大比率合并(MRC)系统的理论比特误码率表达式;对于等增益合并(EGC)分集,给出了一种近似的EGC系统的输出信噪比的pdf,由此导出EGC的一种近似的BER表达式,由蒙特卡罗仿真结果可以看出此近似的BER数值结果是准确的。数值结果显示:MRC性能最好,EGC性能稍差,而SC性能较差。文中给出的分析方法对于实际分集系统的理论研究具有普遍的指导意义。     

Analyzing the Impact of Promotions on Manufacturer and Retailer Performance

Abstract

Promotional strategies used by manufacturers (or retailers) influence not only their own outcomes, but also the outcomes of retailers (or manufacturers). As cooperation of both the parties is needed for successful implementation of promotional strategies, the promotions used by either party should provide outcomes that are positive for the other party. The authors propose a framework for examining (1) the effect of promotional strategies on both manufacturer and retailer profitability and (2) which of two promotional strategies (retail price cut or coupon promotion) yields greater total profitability to achieve an exogenously given sales level. The proposed framework also helps in identifying conditions when conflict is likely to occur between manufacturer and retailer, and suggests a cooperative strategy to resolve the conflict.     

Measuring the Effects of Marketing Changes in Transit Systems Using Multiple Time Series Modeling

Measuring the impact of marketing changes presents problems for transit management. Little has been done on employing appropriate research designs that can isolate the effects of a marketing change. In this study, the goal of the policy change was to improve both the efficiency and effectiveness of changes. The impact of the policy change on these measures was assessed through multivariate time series modeling.     

商业银行国有股权绩效探析

对“国有股权是否需要退出商业银行”问题的回答,将直接影响到国有商业银行的命运、前途与未来,影响到政府对国有商业银行的战略决策,甚至影响到一国(地区)社会经济的发展和稳定。因此,这是一个需要谨慎对待的难题。本文从商业银行国有股权宏观绩效和微观绩效指标的界定入手,通过对海外商业银行国有股权边界变迁价值的数据分析,认为商业银行国有股权边界缩减对银行金融绩效的提升有一定的正效应。     

吸烟史与高龄老人死亡分析初步

利用1998—2000年高龄老人追踪调查的数据,探讨了吸烟——不良生活方式的主要内容之一,对高龄老人生存与死亡过程的影响。虽然吸烟有害于人体健康,但是针对高龄老人(80岁及80岁以上)生存与死亡的多元COX回归分析表明,其吸烟的历史过程(包括起始吸烟年龄、吸烟量和是否戒烟等)对高龄老人存活影响程度的统计意义并不明显。吸烟对高龄老人生存过程的干扰仍然需要进一步研究。     

创新人力资源管理提升国有商业银行核心竞争力

本文认为,人力资源管理创新是技术创新和组织结构创新的基础,强化人力资源管理创新,提高人力资源管理能力,是提升国有商业银行核心竞争力的当务之急和根本途径。国有商业银行人力资源管理创新,第一,要变传统的人事管理为现代化的人力资源管理;第二,要建立符合现代企业制度的用人机制,不断调整优化员工结构,推行员工等级制;第三,要建立健全科学的教育培训体系和机制,树立正确的“人财观”,培训一专多能的复合型人才;第四,要建立科学的绩效考核体系和多元化的薪酬体系,实现薪酬的内部公平;第五,要打造“以人为本”的企业文化,增强凝聚力,激发员工潜力,实现国有商业银行和员工的共同发展。     

直接序列扩频系统多音扫频干扰性能分析

为有效干扰直接扩频通信系统,通过分析扫频信号及多音信号在干扰直扩通信系统时 存在的优缺点,提出了一种针对直扩通信系统的多音扫频干扰技术。该方法将直扩通信系统 的频谱划分为若干个子频谱,针对每个子频谱采用扫频信号进行干扰。理论分析和仿真验证 表明,该方法可以明显改善扫频干扰直扩通信系统时扫频时间过长以及多音干扰依赖音调位 置的缺点,具有良好的干扰效果。     

金融控股公司背景银行的经营绩效研究

金融控股公司是商业银行混业经营的一种有效组织模式。当前各种尚不规范的金融控股公司已成为我国金融业新的组成部分。利用随机边界生产模型比较分析我国金融控股公司背景银行与非金融控股公司背景银行的总要素生产力(TFP),并根据银行盈利能力的评价原则探讨其盈利能力差异的结果表明:近年来,我国银行业总要素生产力的增长率小幅下降,其中,金融控股公司背景银行的TFP增长率呈上升趋势,而非金融控股公司背景银行的TFP大多为负增长;金融控股公司背景银行的盈利能力也明显优于非金融控股公司背景的银行。     

积分对电子商务网站客户忠诚度影响研究

积分作为电子商务网站一种客户激励措施而在业内广泛应用。通过建立结构化方程模型,设计积分便利性和积分优惠程度的指标,应用AMOS软件运行分析,结果发现积分使用便利性和积分优惠程度对客户忠诚度具有正向影响。针对目前行业内积分应用出现的问题,提出积分设计原则：积分容易获取、降低积分使用条件、加大积分优惠程度。