Statutory Marketing Authorities in the Third World

In a previous paper, the value of SMAs as vehicles for advancing agricultural development in developing countries was called into question. The sequel presented in this paper is to examine recent trends in agricultural marketing in these countries, and review current thinking on the future role of SMAs. Some lessons for policy makers are suggested, based on experiences in the post-war period, and especiaiy in recent years. While the adverse empirical evidence on the past performance of SMAs appears to justify their demise, pitfalls abound in attempts at divestment.     

Privatization of Statutory Marketing Authorities and the Regulatory Role of Government in Developing Countries

In recent years, there has been a trend away from intensive government participation in agricultural and food marketing systems in developing countries. As greater emphasis is placed on the role of private marketers, uncertainty prevails over the appropriate future role of statutory marketing authorities in these systems. This is especially so in respect of the regulatory role.     

第三方营销提升农村区域卫生信息化价值链的研究

本文讨论了第三方营销理论应用于农村区域卫生信息化体系的可行性和实践方式,分析了体系增值和降低终端价格的创新模式.通过应用第三方营销理论,电信运营企业可以建立起服务政府和农村区域卫生服务机构的增值系统,通过新参与方的转移支付不断降低最终服务价格,让利于基层医疗服务网点,进而更好地服务于农村公共医疗卫生领域的保障对象.     

农村土地制度变革中的地方政府行为分析

改革开放 2 0多年来 ,地方政府是中国农村土地制度的重要创新主体。对地方政府在制度变革中的行为分析表明 ,地方政府具有及时发现制度创新需求、有效配置资源、降低制度变革成本的优势 ,但也存在一些缺陷。在今后的农村土地产权制度创新中 ,完善地方政府的制度创新行为将成为关键。     

Agricultural Marketing in Belgium and the Netherlands

Agriculture in Belgium and the Netherlands has a strong export tradition and has been market oriented for a long time. In this article agricultural markeling in Belgium and the Netherlands is analyzed on the basis of the concepts structure, conduct and performance. In our review of market structure attention is paid to the structure of agriculture, the food consumer, food retailing, government policies, competition and marketing channels. Afterwards market conduct with respect to product, price, promotion and distribution is discussed. Finally some qualitative observations are made on marketing performance. It is concluded that agricultural marketing policies in Belgium and the NeIherlands are increasingly focusing on value added to the agricultural product. As a result vertical marketing systems/food chain and marketing management become familiar concepts to agicultural marketing.     

Agricultural Marketing in Spain

The paper deals with the analysis of marketing in the Spanish agrofood sector. The methodology follows the industrial organization paradigm: structure, conduct and performance. It gives a first analysis of market environment, monetary fiscal policies, and consumer's demand. Market structure shows a dominance of minifundia at farmer and retail level. A concentration process is going on at wholesale and industrial level. Conduct and performance of agrofood marketing are being studied, with special attention to competitiveness and rice evolution. Finally some observations are made on marketing characteristics in some of the traditional food sectors.     

Agricultural Marketing in France

French production is based on a large agricultural area with a large number of farmers. They work with co-operatives which are very near to them and collect their product. Protectionism has led to a disequilibrium with the economic system in this sector. Actual CAP's orientations and the increase in competition, has forced farmers and co-operatives to concentrate and restructure. The number of farmers has decreased while many co-operatives have started to process raw production materials. One goal of the food industry is to become more international. French food industry made a lot of acquisitions abroad but the increasing place of Italians in French companies also has to be noticed. Distribution plays an important role in agricultural marketing where 66% of food products are sold through about ten companies. This market structure allows them to have a favored position. However, it's a very dynamic sector which now faces some difficulties.     

Agricultural and Food Marketing in the United Kingdom

Given the diversity of agrifood marketing in the U.K., in terms of the range of agricultural commodities and value-added products produced, the many and varied marketing structures used, and the numerous legislative and policy instruments involved, it is not possible in this paper to provide a comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the system. The approach has been rather to provide the volume's international readership with a selective view of the U.K. agrifood marketing system, concentrating on some topical issues. This approach has the benefit of allowing more in-deplh consideration of important issues, and a focus on topics where the U.K. exhibits a degree of uniqueness amongst its E.C. partners. The paper therefore presents an international readership with an analysis of truly "U.K. issues."     

掀起中国乡村建设的第三次高潮

本文通过对20世纪以来中国乡村建设历史背景的透视，提出掀起中国乡村建设第三次高潮意义重大、正当其时的命题。本文认为，从理论和实践的层面上讲，当前建设社会主义新农村的重点和关键是建立新机制、建设新村镇、建构新流通。     

未来十年世界农业发展趋势

本文以美国衣阿华州立大学和密苏里一哥伦比亚大学下属的食品与农业政策研究所(FAPRI)在2004年出版的《美国及世界农业展望》一书为原始资料,分析了在世界范围内未来十年里农作物生产、农产品消费和贸易的发展的趋势。     

Strategic Marketing in International Agribusiness

No abstract available for this article.     

Small-Ruminant Marketing in Southwest Nigeria

This paper describes the structure of the small-ruminant trade in southwest Nigeria, analyses the factors determining the price of animals, and examines the relationship of prices between markets. Animals imported from the north dominate the sheep and goat trades, and supply and prices are highly seasonal. However, multiple regression shows animal prices to be largely predictable in terms of the characteristics of the animal (breed, sex and live-weight) and the market in which it is sold (location and month of sale). Prices are relatively closely correlated between markets over time, and price relationships between markets reflect the respective structures of the trade in northern and southern animals. Price margins between markets reflect the level of traders' commission and storage costs in addition to the direct costs of transport. The study concludes that there is no evidence for market inefficiency or segregation, and that there is considerable market potential for increased local production of sheep and goats. In policy terms, the market's efficiency implies that government involvement beyond its present, limited facilitative role would not be justified.     

南方水稻干旱与农户和政府的处理策略分析

本文利用一组南方省份农户和政府部门的访谈资料,分析了南方干旱及其对水稻生产的影响,考察了农户和政府对水稻干旱的处理策略。研究显示,农户采取了更多的“事前”干旱风险处理策略;其处理策略是有效的,但是受到了小农户资源的限制;政府为缓解大的干旱影响也采取了许多有效措施,但还需要采取更加有效地应对局部多发的“小旱”的措施。     

Structural Adjustment Problems in the Marketing of Perennial Crops

Given the longevity of investment, producers of perennial crops are understandably reluctant to abandon production, especially at a time when total investment has not yet paid off. This situation is likely to cause adjustment problems which in the worst case result in unsaleable surpluses of a certain product. The author feels that such problems could be alleviated by the use of early warning systems. The case of kiwifruit is used as an example to assess the suitability of the Delphi method in regard to this purpose. Results show that the main problem lies with the heterogeneity of respondents, and that the Delphi method will be of use only if some modifications are allowed for.     

A Case Study in the Marketing of Wolf-Friendly Beef

This study examines an effort in New Mexico to establish a niche within the domestic beef market. The beef was marketed under environmental attributes with the slogan Wolf-Friendly. Two environmental groups, Defenders of Wildlife and Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics, endorsed the management practices of the ranch producing the beef. A kick-off event for the Wolf-Friendly Beef was held at the Albuquerque Zoo at the onset of the market test. Two retail grocery stores and the zoo participated in a month-long market test. A survey was conducted at the zoo kick-off to determine participants' views on public land use, riparian protection, and predator preservation issues, and consumer willingness to pay for beef products that foster these environmental attributes. Sales and survey data from the market test were analyzed.     

Export Crop Marketing in Tropical Africa

Abstract

Recent developments at the consumer and at the farm level have resulted in a renewed interest in short market channels for fresh food. This paper focuses on consumer valuation of purchasing fresh food from short channels in general and on differences between two distinct types of short channel initiatives, i.e., farmers' markets and food teams as examples of supply- and demand-side driven initiatives respectively. The research methodology builds on the Means-End-Chain theory. Data are collected through laddering interviews with 100 respondents. The general hierarchical value map largely supports classical theories of value structures. “Security” is the predominant value type with “Health” as the major value. Further, a distinct “Hedonism” and “Universalism” cluster are discovered, with the first being built on the attribute “Freshness,” the consequence “Taste” and the value “Pleasure,” and the latter including environmental, animal welfare and regional development concerns. Specific motivation structures dealing with farmers' markets versus food teams are reported. Recommendations pertain to organizational and marketing issues, more specifically product positioning, innovation and communication based on the revealed Means-End-Chains or motivational structures.