美在华直接投资与中国对美出口商品结构关系研究

文章运用大量数据分别考察了美国在华直接投资的结构特征与中国对美国出口商品的结构特征,发现它们之间存在显著相关性.通过计量方法进一步论证了美国在华直接投资每增加一个百分点可带动劳动密集型和资本密集型产品及低、中、高技术产品对美国出口的不同出口效果,据此说明美国在华直接投资对中国向美国出口的商品结构产生了极大的影响.     

入世后美国对华直接投资及中国的对策

2003年以来,美国对华直接投资持续下滑,美国在中国利用外资中的地位不断下降,这不利于优化中国外商投资的来源结构,也不利于中国承接美国的产业转移。本文试图研究入世后美国在华直接投资的变化情况,并对今后扩大利用美资提出对策建议。     

我国企业跨国经营的区位选择

随着我国加入WTO,我国企业的跨国投资已经进入了一个新的时期。现阶段,联系我国经济的 发展阶段,结合企业所处地位以及发展战略,对企业跨国经营区位选择的决定因素进行探讨,提出一些 有益于我国企业跨国经营的区位选择建议,无疑具有深刻的理论和实践意义。     

Perceived Export Problems and Export Involvement:

A relatively limited amount of empirical research has focused on problems and issues pertaining to exporting from countries not associated with an advanced level of economic development. This paper reports on a systematic study of problems experienced by Greek exporting manufacturers in their trading activities with overseas distributors based in European Community (EC). In this context, an attempt is made, firstly, to investigate the underlying structure of exporting problems, and secondly, to examine the extent to which there are significant differences in perceptions of exporting problems based upon the degree of export involvement. A number of significant differences are found to exist in perceived export problems between different exporter categories in terms of export involvement. The implications of the study for business practitioners and public policy makers are highlighted, and future research directions are identified and discussed.     

A Comparative Study on Perceived Ethics of Tax Evasion: Hong Kong Vs the United States

This article begins with a review of the literature on the ethics of tax evasion and identifies the three main views that have emerged over the centuries, namely always ethical, sometimes ethical, and never or almost never ethical. It then reports on the results of a survey of HK and U.S. university business students who were asked to express their opinions on the 15 statements covering the three main views. The data are then analyzed to determine which of the three viewpoints is dominant among the sample population. Although it was found that HK scores were significantly different from the U.S. scores, both HK and U.S. respondents were opposed to the view that tax evasion is always or almost always ethical. The strongest arguments justifying tax evasion were in cases where the government was corrupt, the tax system was unfair and unaffordable. The weakest arguments for justifying tax evasion were in cases where there was a selfish motive. The underlying cultural differences are further explored in hope of accounting for differing perceptions of ethics of tax evasion. Policy implications for increasing people’s awareness of ethics on tax evasion are also highlighted.     

美在华直接投资对中美贸易不平衡的影响

本文利用美在华直接投资和中美贸易的相关数据通过协整检验并构建误差修正模型,较为清晰地说明中美贸易不平衡问题在很大程度上是由美在华直接投资所引致并扩大,这种引致过程主要通过美在华投资企业加工贸易返销美国造成。实质上体现了国际产业结构演进的必然结果,中美贸易不平衡的局面会作为投资贸易一体化趋势下的全球各国经济关系中的重要现象而长期存在。同时,这种贸易不平衡局面会在中国经济各方面快速发展的一个相对长期的过程中趋于平衡。     

冷战后美国经济外交中的单边经济制裁

随着冷战的结束,两极对峙终结,国际政治经济结构发生变化,经济外交成为总体外交中最重要的组成部分之一.中国作为一个社会主义国家,奉行独立自主的和平外交政策,主张在平等互利的基础上与各国开展经济外交.在出现经济摩擦的情况下,中国从来都避免采取武力或经济制裁等硬性手段,主张在平等协商和谈判的基础上解决分岐.而作为冷战后世界上唯一的超级大国的美国,受其资本主义经济外交理念的支配,却将经济制裁作为其经济外交政策的核心.经济制裁是把"双刃剑",有可能在国际政治中得以延续.但是如果不转变传统的制裁思维,经济制裁的最终破产又将是历史的必然.     

Effects of Ethnic Identity on Perceived Advertisers’ Motives in Values Advocacy Advertising

The current study examined Asian American consumers’ responses to values advocacy advertising through the interaction of levels of ethnic identification (weak or strong Asian ethnic identification) and culturally embedded ads (low and high in Asian/White culturally embedded ads) in evaluating altruistic motives of advertisers and purchase intention through an experimental design. The findings suggest that low Asian ethnic identifiers may identify with the advertiser employing Asian spokespersons with Asian cultural cues and in turn, perceive that the advertisers advocate social causes with altruistic motives. However, they did not feel congruent with the advertisers utilizing values advocacy ads with low Asian cultural cues (only featuring Asian spokespersons) more than with low/high White cultural cues (featuring White spokespersons with and without White cultural cues).The findings were discussed based on ethnic schema and attribution theory. Further, the present study discusses how Asian American consumers view ads through their different lenses toward meanings of race and culture based on their different levels of ethnic identification.     

多哈回合中国内支持谈判的立场分析

国内支持是WTO<农业协定>中的"三大支柱"(市场准入、出口补贴和国内支持)之一,是发达国家对农业进行保护和支持重点使用的手段,压低了世界市场的农产品价格,恶化了农产品出口国的贸易条件,造成了农产品贸易环境的扭曲.虽然乌拉圭回合达成了趋向自由贸易的<农业协定>,对国内支持也形成了一定的约束,但国内支持政策的庞杂、各个利益集团立场的分歧等诸多原因使其在多边贸易谈判中依然是命运堪忧.文章从欧盟、美国等代表性国家和利益集团在多哈回合农业谈判中"国内支持"政策上的立场和分歧,揭示了其立场背后的根本原因,预言农业谈判在该项议题上的可能进展.     

美国对于政府采购所实施贸易措施的分析

世界各国的政府采购是一个庞大的市场,美国的态度一直是积极倡导世界各国对外开放政府采购市场同时,我们可以发现美国在这个领域所采取的手段和措施具有比较明显的保护主义倾向,一方面美国想方设法为自己的企业打开别目的市场,同时在国内的立法和行政方面,对自己的政府采购市场采取了种种的保护手段。     

Assessing the effects of policies on China’s outward foreign direct investment

This paper discusses the determinants of China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) with a special focus on the role of government policy. In particular, we investigate the types of policies that are most influential in promoting OFDI. Our main contribution is to analyse, for the first time, China’s OFDI policies by means of quantitative indicators. We refine policies definitions and distinguish between Regulation Policies, Service Policies, Promotion Policies and Supervision Policies, and we develop a methodology for collecting, screening and coding policies; then we create new indices to capture different types of policies. We find that Regulation Policies, Service Policies and the general attitude of the government have significant effects on China’s OFDI at the national level.     

宏观经济因素对中国海外直接投资促动效应的 理论与实证分析

中国特殊的宏观经济条件使得企业对外直接投资具有独特的发展模式和投资动因。本文运用1987~2010年间相关数据对宏观经济因素对中国海外直接投资的促动效应进行实证。结果显示:只有外汇储备与我国对外直接投资正相关,而技术能力、贸易顺差、利率水平、外汇汇率与中国对外直接投资是负相关,本文对此原因进行了深入分析并提出了改进中国对外直接投资的一些建议。     

中国汽车物流前景与挑战

汽车产业是国民经济发展的支柱产业,汽车物流的发展直接制约着汽车工业的发展。本文针对中国汽车物流进行了汽车物流的市场前景分析和汽车物流的挑战分析。     

非常规油气资源开发对美国复兴制造业的影响

美国非常规油气资源大规模开采导致天然气价格大幅度下降,为企业创造了新的低成本竞争优势,为制造业复兴提供了动力。但是,能源密集型制造业的兴起不利于美国政府发展先进制造业的努力。美国非常规油气资源的大规模开发引发的制造业投资和产出增加将减少中国制成品的出口,也为中国转变出口方式、促进制造业转型升级提供了机遇。     

A Comparative Analysis of Arab and U.S. Cultural Values on the Web

ABSTRACT

This study aims to explore the depiction of cultural values on global websites. There exists a research gap in terms of better understanding cross-cultural differences in web communications between the Arab and Western worlds. Thus, we conducted content analysis to examine the cultural values on websites from Arab countries and the U.S. The results suggest that local websites of Arab countries and the United States tend to differ significantly from each other on cultural contents. The proposed cultural findings can serve as a guide for creating culturally congruent international websites.     

山东省与江苏省对外直接投资差异及影响因素研究

山东、江苏作为中国的经济大省,其对外直接投资已成为推动经济发展的重要因素。基于2008—2017年山东省17地市、江苏省13地市对外直接投资面板数据,利用泰尔指数对两省对外直接投资存在的总体区域间差异进行衡量,并针对对外直接投资差异的相关影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:工业发展水平、人力资源成本、研发水平和金融发展规模对山东省对外直接投资影响显著,经济发展水平、出口贸易和外商直接投资对山东省对外直接投资影响不显著;人力资源成本、出口贸易对江苏省对外直接投资影响显著,研发水平、工业发展水平、经济发展水平、外商直接投资以及金融发展规模影响不显著,分析后提出相关建议。     

美国农业合同发展现状及启示

合同制可以强化生产链各个环节之间的协调,促进新技术应用,方便信息流通,强化产品质量和交付管理,降低成本,预防风险,从而对生产和效率产生积极的影响。合同制不断普及正在促进美国农业生产结构发生重大变化。深入了解美国农业合同发展现状,有助于促进农业合同在我国进一步普及。     

利益集团对美国对华贸易政策决策的影响

在美国,各种利益集团有着极其广泛的渠道和方式影响对华贸易政策的最终决策.影响对华贸易政策决策的主要利益集团可分为三种类型：政府组织、商业性利益集团和非商业性利益集团.就其在对华贸易政策决策领域的影响力而言,政府组织具有最高的影响权重系数,商业性利益集团的影响权重系数居中,非商业性利益集团的影响权重系数居后.     

The U.S.–Brazil relationship opportunity: Business synergies for a dynamic global environment

The U.S.–Brazil relationship features an intersection of public and private sectors characteristic of the post‐2000 dynamics of international business and governmental relations. As a triple helix reference for the private sector, the public sector, and academia, this article explores how further alignment of public and private interests of the United States and Brazil can improve the bilateral relationship between the two largest countries in the Western hemisphere. The first section recaps the U.S.–Brazil public relationship and cultural perspectives shared between Brazil and the United States. The second section reviews the relevance of the U.S.–Brazil relationship in Brazil's economy and business marketplace. Sections 3 through 5 discuss specific trade, investment, and tax agreements that can be mutually beneficial for the United States and Brazil. The final section recommends further areas for public–private cooperation between the United States and Brazil.     

金融业外商直接投资对发展中东道国金融体系效率的作用机理分析

外资金融机构本身的高效率运作及其对内资金融机构的竞争与技术溢出是改善东道国金融体系效率的主要传导路径。外资金融机构具有较高的经营效率,有利于促进当地金融市场的发育,而金融业外商直接投资带来的竞争和技术溢出更有利于促进当地金融体系效率的提升。外商直接投资尽管对东道国金融体系效率存在诸多积极效应,但消极影响也不容忽视。