Using Trade Shows Throughout the Product Life Cycle

Abstract

Trade shows have long been recognized as an important marketing tool when introducing new products. This study examines the effectiveness of trade shows across the product life cycle (PLC). The results indicate that trade shows are an effective promotion tool for products in any stage of the product life cycle, but the nature and objectives of show use change over the life cycle.     

Making Trade Shows Pay Off

Abstract

This article reviews the literature on IMC and then examines its development empirically in Turkey. In this paper, we explore perceptions of IMC derived from a sample of advertising agency executives, and explore how perceptions of IMC within the developing country of Turkey. The main aim of the survey was to explore how agencies implement, coordinate, and evaluate IMC programs, and examine barriers relating to these. Managerial and public policy implications of the study are also offered. Findings underpin global adoption of IMC even in conditions of economic turbulence. Moreover, the findings confirm that IMC (in Turkey) as elsewhere is more related to tactical implementation of promotion than to strategic business development.     

A Study of Exhibitor Firms at an Arabian Gulf Trade Show

Abstract

The 11th Joint Exhibition of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States provides a focus for a study of emerging market firms' behavior at a trade show. The exhibition industry continues to grow around the world. The purpose of the article is to expand the knowledge about exhibition behavior in different regions. Factor analysis is applied to investigate the underlying dimensions of the exhibition goals, the exhibition selection criteria and firms' perceived problems. Few differences were found between Gulf firms and firms previously studied in the USA, Canada and the UK. Implications for exhibitors, exhibition organizers, and researchers are presented.     

浅析农产品对我国农村集贸市场的影响

园区农产品有别于一般的农产品,根据其特点可以为其制定出相应的营销策略。综合性大型超市是园区农产品销售的主要形式,农村集贸市场也是园区农产品的主要销售渠道。我国农村集贸市场存在一些问题,我们要积极应对,找出解决农村集贸市场问题的对策。     

Consumer Shows in the Promotion Mix

Abstract

Consumer shows present a unique promotional opportunity by presenting a forum for attracting consumers with a specific interest in the products featured at the show. In this study we examine auto show attendees' perceived differences and similarities between attendance at an automobile consumer show and the traditional showroom visits made by automobile shoppers. Results of the study indicate that the promotional value of the show had a modest but positive impact on vehicle buying and leasing, a considerable positive influence on brand and model selection, but little influence on choice of dealer. We discovered that attendees perceive sales personnel they met at the show to be more knowledgeable, trustworthy and friendly than those they met at a dealership (even though the sales personnel at the show work at dealerships). Finally, we found that among the group from which most incremental purchases would be expected-those who came to the show with negative intentions but who then purchased a vehicle-the show is viewed more as a substitute for entertainment than for other shopping activities. The promotional implications of these results are then explored.     

中国林产品贸易现状及对策研究

20世纪90年代以来,中国林产品需求大幅增加,森林资源的匮乏与林产品需求增加的供需矛盾使得林产品国际贸易成为中国对外经济贸易的重要组成部分。发展中国林产品贸易,应加强地区间经济合作,实现新型区域贸易框架,提高林业科技水平,优化林产品进出口结构,加大出口高附加值产品和非木质林产品,发展多种贸易方式,巩固和开拓国际市场。     

国家利益与国际贸易理论的重构——西方贸易理论与马克思贸易理论的比较研究

西方国际贸易理论强调自由贸易给贸易各方及世界整体带来巨大利益,然而各国贸易政策的主流却是贸易保护,理论与现实的巨大反差折射出理论必然存在缺陷。本文认为这源于决定国际贸易政策的国家利益在西方国际贸易理论中的缺位。通过研究西方国际贸易理论和马克思国际贸易理论中对于国家利益的表述,并在分析基于西方国际贸易理论的贸易政策对于国家利益的保障机制的基础上,讨论了国际贸易理论的缺陷及其调整方向,最后以比较利益论为例讨论了重构国际贸易理论的一些原则和方法。     

论全球贸易新格局下湖南农产品贸易增长策略

农产品贸易对农业经济增长有贡献,并对经济和社会效益、资源环境均有影响。推动农产品贸易增长进入中高级阶段,必须优化贸易结构、内部激励与外部保障结合。     

论我国政府在农产品进出口贸易中的促进作用

我国加入WTO后,推动了我国农产品进出口贸易发展,但不同发展阶段有不同的农业政策。近年来,贸易保护频频引发国际纠纷,农产品的贸易保护更是愈演愈烈,我国对外贸易正面临严峻的挑战。本文通过分析农产品进出口贸易现状及其面临的问题与挑战,结合WTO各主要成员国的对外贸易政策,讨论了我国政府在农产品进出口贸易中实施合理有效的政策而起到的平衡作用,以及为加快我国农产品对外贸易平稳发展政府应采取的措施。     

服务贸易与商品贸易的互补性及贸易平衡新解

国际分工的演进导致贸易比较优势出现新的变化,贸易模式也更加复杂。在国际贸易新格局下,贸易平衡表现为服务贸易和商品贸易互补下的总体平衡。随着国际分工的日趋深入,贸易失衡也将主要表现为服务贸易和商品贸易之间的结构性失衡。这与两者自由化进程的不对称密切相关。国际分工与贸易的新视野对于理解贸易平衡、解决贸易失衡具有启发意义。     

International Trade and Health Policy: Implications of the GATS for US Healthcare Reform

This paper examines the implications of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the World Trade Organization’s agreement governing trade in health-related services, for health policy and healthcare reform in the United States. The paper describes the nature and scope of US obligations under the GATS, the ways in which the trade agreement intersects with domestic health policy, and the institutional factors that mediate trade-offs between health and trade policy. The analysis suggests that the GATS provisions on market access, national treatment and domestic regulation, which are designed to eliminate ‘regulatory barriers’ to global trade in health services, limit the range of options that state and federal regulators and legislative bodies can employ to regulate the health sector and implement healthcare reforms. As such, the paper identifies the broader social and ethical implications of free trade policy.     

江苏对外经贸发展的政策调整与法制建设思考

我国加入WTO之后,江苏对外经贸发展获得了良好的外部环境,但还存在着促进性制度供给不足、产品缺乏自主知识产权、外贸依存度增长过快、环境整治中庸保守等问题。在我国加入WTO过渡期即将结束,省域经济持续发展的今天,亟需适当调整江苏的对外经贸政策,建立促进对外经贸发展的制度体系,强化企业知识产权创造价值,降低外贸依存度过高之风险。     

Customs-related Transaction Costs,Firm Size and International Trade Intensity

customs are generally perceived as a time-consuming impediment to international trade. However, few studies have empirically examined the determinants and the impact of this type of government-imposed transaction costs. This paper analyses the role of firm size as a determinant of customs-related transaction costs, as well as the effect of firm size on the relationship between these costs and the international trade intensity of firms. The results of this study indicate that customs-related transaction costs repress international trade activities of firms, even at low levels of these costs. The paper identifies transaction-related economies of scale, simplified customs procedures and advanced information and communication technology as main determinants of customs-related transaction costs. It is shown that when these factors are taken into account, firm size has no effect on customs-related transaction costs. Policy implications are considered for firm strategy and public policy.     

人工智能技术变革对国际贸易的影响

人工智能技术的快速发展正催生第四次工业革命,可能引发全球价值链深度重构和世界经贸格局重大变革。世界主要经济强国将发展人工智能技术作为争夺新一轮产业竞争优势的重要战略抓手。本文基于全球价值链视角研究人工智能技术变革对国际贸易的影响,我们发现人工智能技术变革可能推动国际贸易规模扩大,提升服务贸易份额,并促进国际贸易交易模式平台化、小宗化,可为中小企业创造更多参与国际贸易的机会。然而,人工智能技术变革也可能通过降低企业劳动力需求从而对我国等发展中国家的出口拉动型增长模式造成严重的潜在威胁。为应对人工智能技术变革,我国应部署并强化对人工智能产业发展的政策支持,加快培育制造业国际竞争新优势,大力推动先进制造业与现代生产性服务业深度融合发展,全面促进"中国制造"攀升全球价值链中高端。     

中美经贸摩擦的五个层次

中美贸易摩擦持续已近两年,成为影响中美两国及全球经济的重大问题。通过梳理中美两国产业结构、贸易结构以及相关政策措施情况,对比两国发展制度和道路的认知差异,探析中美贸易摩擦动因及内涵。事实上,中美经贸摩擦是经济问题但又不限于经济问题,涉及国际关系、国际政治与战略,不仅是贸易之争,还是全球经济地位之争、未来国际经济秩序与经贸规则制定权之争,更是不同经济体制与发展道路之争,是以经贸为载体的21世纪大国地位之争。因此,中美经贸摩擦将长期持续。中国将继续坚持自身发展道路和经济制度,深化改革开放、促进经济增长,稳步推进国内产业升级,提升经济效率,增强经济实力,同时积极参与全球经济治理,推动建立更为包容和开放的全球经济新格局,以及代表更广泛国家利益的国际经济贸易秩序与规则。     

绿色贸易壁垒文献综述

通过对绿色贸易壁垒相关文献的研究可知,绿色贸易壁垒具有鲜明的二重性,其实施过程和结果具有两面性,产生的影响既有积极的一面,也有消极的作用。有效应对绿色贸易壁垒,我国应充分发挥政府和行业企业的作用,加快建立和完善环境管理方面的法律、政策和制度,促进传统产业发展转型和升级改造,强化与贸易伙伴的环境技术合作,加强技术研发,加速开展绿色标准化生产,从而在动态管理中系统协调推进。今后,还需对绿色贸易壁垒的新形式、新特点、新趋势以及如何更有效地应对等方面进行进一步的深入研究。     

附加值贸易统计方法视角下的中国外贸发展状况

2013年1月16日,WTO与OECD共同推出了利用附加值统计方法计算出来的贸易数据,为重新测量国际贸易提供了新的视角。本文在诠释附加值贸易统计方法的内涵的基础上,分析了附加值贸易统计方法所带来的经济意义,通过对比传统贸易数据和附加值贸易数据,剖析了在附加值贸易统计方法下我国的对外贸易发展状况,并提出了该方法对我国对外贸易的发展启示。     

绿色贸易措施对农产品国际贸易的影响分析

随着环境问题的上升和国际社会对人类、动物和植物的健康、安全等问题日益关注,绿色贸易措施已经成为当前国际贸易特别是农产品国际贸易面临的主要非关税壁垒。如何正确认识绿色贸易措施,弄清绿色贸易措施对农产品国际贸易的影响程度和政策动机,对采取正确应对措施,巩固和扩大我国农产品外贸出口具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。     

浅谈国际物流对国际贸易的影响

世界经济逐渐复苏,后金融危机时期国际贸易止跌回稳,国际物流也摆脱低迷状态,重拾增势。本文着重分析国际物流对国际贸易的影响,进而提出相应的对策建议,以期对我国国际物流业的发展有所帮助。     

国际贸易竞争力指数的实证分析——以福建省为例

本文认为,在国际贸易中,福建省劳动密集型出口产业的存在和发展具有必然性和持久性,其未来发展的行业方向是提升工业制成品的竞争力,致力于产业结构调整。一是继续关注杂项制品类产业发展,减缓该类产业国际竞争力的下降速度;二是加强工业基础建设,促进劳动密集型产业向资本密集型产业升级,提升按原料分类制成品类和机械及运输设备类商品的贸易竞争力;三是平衡货物贸易与服务贸易结构,提升服务产业的国际竞争力。