Services Offered by Financial Institutions

No abstract available for this article.     

Monetary Donations to Charitable Organizations

Abstract

This article reports a study which compared current donors, lapsed donors, and nondonors to the American Cancer Society in terms of their demographic characteristics, donation motives, likelihood with which these motives would be satisfied as a result of donating to a charitable organization, and the level of concern expressed regarding a variety of health issues. Results and implications of the study are discussed.     

Factors Influencing Monetary Donations to Charitable Organizations

ABSTRACT

Charitable organizations are under increasing financial pressure to attract and retain private donors. However, research examining consumer attitudes toward and motivations for giving to charity have yielded ambiguous results. A cross-disciplinary literature review suggests individual donation behavior is based on several factors including attitudes toward helping others, attitudes toward the charitable organization and various intrapersonal, social and economic motives. Using exploratory factor analysis seven factors are identified which influence monetary donations to charitable organizations. Of these seven factors, two factors measure attitudes relevant to charitable giving and five factors capture motivations for charitable giving. These measures are important to academicians, policy makers and practitioners in the development of theory and marketing strategy.     

慈善组织监管与慈善组织公信力重塑路径研究综述

公信力是慈善组织的灵魂,但当前国内慈善组织的丑闻事件层出,不仅沉重打击了慈善组织在公众心中的神圣形象,而且在一定程度上严重影响了慈善组织的长远发展。因此,对慈善组织的公信力流失问题进行研究,具有重要的理论和实践意义。综合国内外学者的观点,其研究的重点集中在慈善组织公信力的内涵、公信力流失的原因、公信力评估及公信力的重塑路径4个方面。这些研究为我们反思慈善组织公信力流失现象以及加强监管、重塑慈善组织的公众形象提供了很好的学术基础。     

Charitable donations by the self-employed

This article analyzes an important aspect of the social behavior of the self-employed in America. We ask whether the self-employed express their social responsibility to society by giving more to charity than the general population, and if so which charitable causes they give to. We use social identity theory to generate hypotheses about the determinants and objectives of charitable giving among members of this socially and economically important group. Testing these hypotheses with nationally representative, longitudinal US data, we find that the American self-employed are indeed more likely to exhibit social responsibility toward their community by giving to charities than the general population. While the self-employed support broadly similar charities to the general population, they give substantially more to organizations which: address issues in the local community; provide health care; and serve the needy. We trace out implications of our findings for scholars, practitioners, and policy-makers.     

Encouraging Consumer Charitable Behavior: The Impact of Charitable Motivations,Gratitude, and Materialism

The United States is one of the most charitable nations, yet comprises some of the most materialistic citizens in the world. Interestingly, little is known about how the consumer trait of materialism, as well as the opposing moral trait of gratitude, influences charitable giving. We address this gap in the literature by theorizing and empirically testing that the effects of these consumer traits on charitable behavior can be explained by diverse motivations. We discuss the theoretical implications, along with implications for charitable organizations, and offer suggestions for future research.     

The Effect of Charitable Motivations on Charitable Behaviors Among the Affluent

No abstract available for this article.     

Charitable Conflicts of Interest

This paper looks at conflicts of interest in the not-for-profit sector. It examines the nature of conflicts of interest and why they are of ethical concern, and then focuses on the way not-for-profit organisations are especially prone to and vulnerable to conflict-of-interest scandals. Conflicts of interest corrode trust; and stakeholder trust (particularly from donors) is the lifeblood of most charities. We focus on some specific challenges faced by charitable organisations providing funding for scientific (usually medical) research, and examine a case study involving such an organisation. One of the principal problems for charities of this kind is that they often distribute their funds within a relatively small research community (defined by the boundaries of a small region, like an American state or Spanish Autonomous region, or a small country), and it often proves difficult to find high-level researchers within the jurisdiction to adjudicate impartially the research grants. We suggest and recommend options appropriate for our case study and for many other organisations in similar situations.     

Charitable Giving: Towards a Model of Donor Behaviour

The need for the development of a comprehensive model of giving behaviour has never been greater. In the UK, the proportion of households electing to support charity is continuing a twenty year decline. This factor, combined with the accompanying and sharp increase in the number of registered charities has contributed to the creation of an ever more hostile fundraising environment. If they are to survive, charities seeking funds from individual donors will have to refine both the quality and targeting of their fundraising campaigns. It is the purpose of this article to develop a comprehensive model of giving behaviour to assist them in this process. The article draws on literature from the fields of marketing, economics, clinical psychology, social psychology, anthropology and sociology. The implications of the resultant model for fundraising strategy are discussed and opportunities for further research delineated.     

Charitable investments: A strategy for improving the business environment

Firms are beginning to evaluate requests for donations as they would investments. Critics argue that a strategy of charitable investing is conceptually inconsistent, disguised self-interest, and violates the dignity of those who receive charity. This paper argues that charity and investment are consistent (and even complementary in some cases), can preserve the virtue and the dignity of the giver and receiver, and may result in a wider distribution of charitable funds. The paper also discusses how a policy of charitable investing could be implemented within a firm so as to avoid it being used merely as a public relations tool. Finally, it is suggested that charitable investments can help maintain the conditions necessary for a free market economy. John W. Dienhart is Professor of Philosophy at St. Cloud State University. He is the author of A Cognitive Approach to the Ethics of Counseling Psychology, University Press of America, 1982.     

Unfocused Altruism: The Impact of Iconography on Charitable Activity

Over the past generation much attention has been paid to the disadvantaged in our society. Public and private programs have been developed to alleviate poverty and allow the underprivileged into the mainstream of society. While much more needs to be done, many of these programs have been highly successful.Unfortunately, many social programs have had perverse consequences for the intended beneficiaries. One example is the debate over differential tuition at State University of New York (SUNY) colleges. Advocates of uniform tuition at SUNY colleges take a position that at first glance appears compassionate, but upon closer examination may actually work against the interests of the low- income students it is meant to help. The purpose of this paper is to show how altruism without rigorous analysis can be dangerous to those in need of assistance. What is important is the effectiveness of public policy initiatives, not their method of delivery.     

Encouraging Charitable Donations via Charity Gift Cards: A Self-Determination Theoretical Account

Charities seeking to increase donations are now offering charity gift cards (CGCs), which allow recipients to select how their gift card is allocated across various charitable projects. Supporting a model derived from self-determination theory, an experiment shows that U.S. consumers are more satisfied and more likely to donate to the card-sponsoring charity after using a CGC than after learning a donation has been made in their name, because CGCs enhance consumers’ felt autonomy, competence, and relationship with the charity and its projects, which predict a more charitable self-concept and satisfaction with the gift. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

Not All Empathy Is Equal: How Dispositional Empathy Affects Charitable Giving

Motivations for prosocial behavior have been explored in diverse ways. Empirical research suggests that empathy is an important motive for prosocial behavior. Building upon previous studies, in this article the authors hypothesize that charitable giving is distinctively affected by different components of dispositional empathy, including empathic concern, perspective taking, and personal distress. Using the 2008–2009 wave of American National Election Studies data set, this study examines the impact of these three components of dispositional empathy on probability and amount of giving to various charitable causes. The results support the authors’ hypotheses that the three components of dispositional empathy are associated with charitable giving in different ways. In particular, empathic concern consistently stimulates the likelihood and amount of giving. The effects of perspective taking and personal distress are mixed. The results offer several direct implications for fundraisers and nonprofit organizations in crafting effective fundraising appeals.     

Projects Offered for OverseasInvestors to Qinhuangdao.

Infrastructure1.QinhuangdaoNewPortCoInitiator:QinhuangdaoNewPortCoContent:Buildingfour10,000-tondeepwaterberthsTotalinvestment:US$98.8millionForeigninvesment:US$48.4millionInvestmentreturnperiod:13years2.ShanhaiguanFishingPortInitiator:QinhuangdaoShanhaiguanFishingPortPreparatoryOfficeContent:Buildinga30,000-tonwharfTotalinvestment:US$13.3millionForeigninvestment:US$6.65millionInvestmentreturnperiod:7years3.QinhuangdaoJidongAirportInitiator:QinhuangdaoplanningCommissionTotalinv…     

The Relationship of Demographic Characteristics and Importance of Services Offered to Unaided Awareness and Recommendation of Public and Private Mental Health Care Providers

The extent to which demographic characteristics and importance of services offered by mental health providers are related to unaided awareness and recommendation of public and private mental health care providers was assessed. Awareness and recommendation of private providers was found to be stronger among men and among higher income groups. Relative to public providers, these factors were stronger among women and lower income groups. While the services offered do not appear to be strongly related to awareness or recommendation of provider types, some differences were found. Those who are aware of and would recommend a private provider gave higher importance ratings to counseling for suicide and life changes - those who are aware of and would recommend a public provider gave higher ratings to counseling for spouse abuse, depression, and eating disorders, and treatment for major mental illness.     

公益活动参与对生活满意度的影响——一项关于城市退休老年人的复制性研究

本文是一项复制性研究.使用2013年中国人民大学老年学研究所在北京市西城区开展的“老年人基本情况和服务需求调查”数据,重新检验了曹杨和王记文使用相同数据所做的公益活动参与对城市退休老年人生活满意度的影响.与这两位作者的不同之处在于,在研究方法上既使用常规回归分析也使用倾向值加权分析.比较这两种方法得出的研究结果后发现:如果不控制横截面数据的样本选择性偏差,常规回归模型不仅无法识别性别、居住方式、照料服务对生活满意度影响的显著性,还会低估年龄、婚姻、健康、子女数的作用程度.研究方法上的局限性,最终不利于研究者充分挖掘实证结果的政策意涵.     

Save the Males: Backlash in Organizations

This paper reviews the literature on male backlash in organizations, proposing a research agenda. It defines backlash, examines its causes and manifestations, who is likely to exhibit it, and offers suggestions for addressing backlash. Backlash may be on the increase in organizations and society at large. Current efforts to weaken or remove the legislative support for employment equity initiatives are one sign of this.     

Charitable maximizers: The impact of the maximizing mindset on donations to human recipients

The majority of donations are dedicated to helping human recipients. Building on prior literature that demonstrates the role of downward social comparisons between donors and donation recipients in elevating willingness to help those in need, we propose that a maximizing mindset increases such downward social comparisons, which in turn promote donations to human recipients. A set of seven studies, including online and field experiments and a secondary dataset, provides convergent support for the effect of the maximizing mindset (whether measured as an inherent individual difference or activated as a temporary mindset) on donations and the mediating role of downward social comparisons. This research enriches the understanding of donations to human recipients by showing that donations can be enhanced by a maximizing mindset. Our findings offer important insights to donation-raising agencies. Specifically, activating the maximizing mindset among prospective donors—by embedding certain words in donation appeals or encouraging donors to think about their best choices in everyday life—could benefit charities and social-cause platforms in their efforts to raise donations to support the needy.