Incorporating the Dominant Social Paradigm into Government Technology Transfer Programs

SUMMARY

This paper examines problems implicit in transferring technology from developed countries to lesser developed countries. This is done from the perspective of the dominant social paradigm, and argues that the limited success of governmental transfer programs can be attributed to paradigm conflicts between the developer of technology and the recipient. The conclusion suggests that the effectiveness of government technology transfer programs can be improved if a dual approach is adopted. For transfers to lesser developed countries, the initial step should be to understand the differences in paradigms, and this should be followed by the development of appropriate technologies that enhance the development potential of the recipient in terms of the recipients' values and worldviews.     

Reflections on Ethical Concerns in Technology Transfer and Macromarketing

SUMMARY

The following theses are defended. Technology transfer is (a) a good thing; (b) reflects the universalizing and globalizing impulse of western technologically advanced culture; (c) is based on the fundamental truth of human freedom; (d) requires not only the transfer of technology but of institutions and norms such as the technological project itself, free market economies, limited government, the rule of law, individual rights, religious toleration and personal autonomy; (e) may require the radical transformation of cultures receiving the technology; (f) is impeded largely by the difficulties of the receiving culture to adjust to the full spectrum of change; (g) challenges those in macromarketing to understand the processes of cultural transformation; (h) and, finally, faces a grave threat from those who are in an adversarial relationship to the “grand narrative of western technologically advanced culture.”     

跨国公司结构演进逻辑:层级到网络的范式转变

层级范式在跨国公司的发展初期具有非常重要的作用,但随着全球竞争的压力加剧、控制协调的考虑,以及技术的进步,已经存在许多发展劣势,需要逐渐向网络范式转变。跨国公司网络结构主要由内部网络和外部网络构成,由于其网络结构更具开放性,形成了关键网络、空间网络和技术网络的不同边界。     

Social Responsiveness,Profitability and Catastrophic Events: Evidence on the Corporate Philanthropic Response to 9/11

In this study we seek to determine whether catastrophic events lead to corporate charitable giving unrelated to levels of firm profitability. We examine the issue relative to the corporate philanthropic response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks of 2001. Based on a sample of 489 Fortune 500 companies, we find that differences in the extent of corporate contributions following 9/11 are positively and significantly associated with differences in firms' profitability. Further, while the degree of connection to the catastrophic event led to higher levels of giving in comparison to the contributions of less connected firms, differences in the extent of philanthropy are still␣related to short-term profitability for the more connected firms. The study thus provides evidence suggesting that even in the wake of catastrophic events, corporate philanthropic giving is constrained by economic concerns.     

浅析快速反应及其对服装零售行业的影响

快速反应起源于20世纪80年代中期的美国服装纺织品行业.研究及实践证明,通过使用快速反应技术,可以有效的帮助服装零售企业减少成本、减少存货、减少打折的商品、减少商品在流通中的等待时间,加快商品流通、即使满足顾客需要,增加商品销售量,从而增强服装零售企业的竞争优势.面对我国服装零售的高端市场已被国际顶级品牌占领把控;在中端市场上一批国际二、三线品牌也陆续进驻中国,一批国内服装零售品牌正在受到强烈的冲击的现实情况,运用快速反应系统,可有效提高国内服装零售行业的整体竞争力.     

会计业务流程再造新思维

会计业务流程再造是一种管理变革的创新思维。对于会计业务流程再造的研究,不能仅仅从技术层面强调"根本上重新思考"或"彻底改造",应结合企业文化、员工素质等特点,分析信息技术与会计业务流程再造关系,从社会文化观和交易成本经济学等层面对会计业务流程再造进行分析,并将会计业务流程再造与企业战略紧密结合。     

The Comparative Influence of Government Funding by the U.S. Commerce Department's Advanced Technology Program and Private Funding on the Marketing Strategy of High-Tech Firms

SUMMARY

This paper conducts an exploratory study on whether high-tech venture firms funded by a United States Federal Government program–Department of Commerce Advanced Technology Program (ATP)–pursue different types of marketing strategies and different goal levels than firms without such funding. A sample of ATP and non-ATP-funded firms was used. Nineteen hypotheses relating to commercialization processes, i.e., types of strategy (licensing), types of commercial advantage (new, innovative solutions), and types of commercialization applications (product vs. process) and four hypotheses relating to levels of performance (levels of cost reduction) were tested. Small ATP firms are more likely to pursue best practice marketing policies such as R&D collaboration, and licensing strategies, and to pursue higher cost reduction and performance goals than non-ATP firms.     

承诺补贴--对高新技术出口产业的一种市场进入扶持政策

发展中国家的出口产品结构现状表明其在一些高新技术出口产业上处于劣势：而从长期的动态的角度上看,鼓励这些产业的发展又是发展中国家优化本国出口产品结构的必由之路,通过模型分析我们发现,在一定条件下,发展中国家政府对本国企业承诺补贴使其净利润非负的市场进入扶持政策能达到预期的效果而补贴却无需兑现。当然此扶持政策有其自身固有的弊端．应慎重合作,同时应将最终眼光投向根本上提高本国高新技术出口产业的竞争力上。     

控制权转移的市场反应——基于私有收益视角

控制权转移可以引起公司股票价格以及股东财富的变化,国内外学者对此进行了大量研究,但鲜有结合控制权私有收益的分析。本文从私有收益视角出发,从事件期的累积超常收益、超常换手率、内幕交易指标、长期购买持有收益以及国有和民营买家超常收益的比较等方面进行了实证研究,结果表明:上市公司的控制权转移在很大程度上是新控股股东通过内幕交易获取私有收益的行为,并未真正为股东创造价值。     

Culture and the Star-Power Strategy: Comparing American and Korean Response to Celebrity-Endorsed Advertising

ABSTRACT

Given the wide interest in celebrity endorsements in advertising, it is surprising that there are no quantitative cross-cultural studies on their effectiveness across target audiences. Previous content-analytic research makes assumptions about effectiveness, but has not examined these assumptions. Our article fills this gap by comparing American versus Korean student samples’ response to celebrity-endorsed ads. We find these cultures diverge in purchase intentions after viewing celebrity-endorsed ads. We also find the emphasis of intuitive moral domains drives purchase intentions. Our discussion focuses on marketing implications as well as outlining future directions for this surprisingly underexplored research area.     

关于企业文化与国情的思考

企业文化既是企业发展的底蕴和灵魂,又是社会文化与企业管理实践相融合的产物,分析国外企业文化与国情、社会文化的关系及对我国的借鉴和启示,有助于思考建设有中国特色的现代企业文化问题,企业文化将成为未来企业的第一竞争力。     

Effective Ethical Response

Abstract

Given the need to protect channel investments, including market share and brand equity, channel members have every reason to be certain that their activities are viewed as both ethical and socially responsible by channel stakeholders. On a landscape littered with ethical and social responsibility failures, perceptions of ethical behavior and socially responsible conduct are especially important to creating and maintaining the trust necessary to ensure long-term satisfying exchange relationships. Efficient Ethical Response (EER) uses tools from the study of ethical decision making and corporate social responsibility to efficiently help channel members conduct business so that their activities are far less likely to attract unfavorable attention and concern from channel stakeholders.     

Health as a consumption object: research notes and preliminary investigation

Through the processes of commodification and marketization, materials and human activities are brought within the domain of market exchange. The results of these accelerating processes are observed in the consumer culture centred on objects of consumption. We contend that, in addition to healthcare, health itself has become yet another object incorporated within consumption space. This contention is consistent with the perspective of consumption as the dominant social paradigm in the structuring of health and healthcare practices. In this paper we present the conceptual backdrop for our contentions, together with details of a heuristic study. Our findings support the view that people regard health as a consumption object. Furthermore, the evidence suggests a patterning of responses by social grade and gender. Given our wider interest in class‐based health inequalities, we use our results to comment on the broader policy debate concerning this phenomenon in relation to consumerism.     

The Response to the Commitment with Block-Leader Recycling Promotion Technique: A Longitudinal Approach

SUMMARY

This article focuses on the study of the changes in consumers' recycling beliefs, attitudes, and behavior due to the application of one promotion technique: a commitment by block leader technique characterized by the agreeing participant signing a request or statement in which s/he makes a commitment to recycle as a result of the encouragement of a person who belongs to the same social circle. We therefore carried out a quasi-experimental work whose results enable us to explain the response to this recycling promotion technique. It makes a contribution to existing environmental literature by (1) systemizing the set of existing doctrines in order to explain the response to this recycling promotion technique, and (2) revealing the effects of this technique on people's beliefs and attitudes. The practical implications that may stem from these contributions are of an educational nature and should be of use to the public management of promotion campaigns.     

社会转型期的城市家庭文化－以北京市海淀区为例

利用海淀区妇女联合会组织的“海淀区家庭文化调查”所提供的资料,探讨了社会转型期城市居民家庭的人际关系、生活方式、消费理念、家庭教育以及家庭养老模式的变化及其特点。认为现在有更多的人正不断调整自己的心态以适应变动中的家庭条件和环境,把家庭作为满足情感享受和精神需求的寓所。本研究显示,尽管现在离婚率呈上升趋势,但人们的家庭观念也更浓重了。     

Factors affecting users’ continuance intention of mobile social network service

This study investigates the factors that influence users’ intention to continue using social network service applications (apps) on mobile devices. We drew on the uses and gratifications (U&G) paradigm and innovation diffusion theory; these were augmented with the factors that characterize mobile social network service (MSNS) usage. The proposed framework explained the relationships between these factors and the intention to continue using MSNS apps. A web-based survey was used to collect data for analysis. The results indicated that critical mass, mobility, compatibility, purposive value, and entertainment value were important drivers of users’ intention to continue using MSNS apps. The findings contribute to existing U&G paradigm, innovation diffusion theory, and MSNS usage literature. The paper closes with a discussion of useful insights relevant to researchers and practitioners in terms of developing and implementing MSNS apps that have high retention rates.     

Control Mechanisms Within Export Channels of Distribution

A large percentage of U.S. manufacturers are either refraining from exporting or are involved in inefficient methods of exporting because they may not understand how to control their export operations. The authors of this study suggest how the majority of U.S. manufacturers may effectively participate in exporting through intermediary usage by building the correct degree and type of control mechanisms. Literature derived from transaction cost analysis and export stages are used to link the antecedents of control to the degree and the type of control mechanisms (monitoring and providing information). The results show that manufacturers periodically monitor their intermediaries and provide information in order to achieve control. Important implications are drawn for both exporters and nonexporters.     

系统化综合实践课程开发背景与范式探讨

在如今就业压力异常沉重,但却招聘不到员工,这样一个矛盾的背景之下,以加强大学生社会经验,提高大学生就业思想同时满足社会需要的综合实践活动课程也就变得更加重要,所以综合实践课程作为一个能够解决上述社会问题的一个途径,其规范化、系统化也就提上了日程。本文针对综合实践课程的特征和范式进行分析和探讨,旨为培养我国综合性人才。