人民币对主要货币汇率非线性变动的实证分析

本文通过TARCH、EGARCH、非对称CARCH模型,研究人民币对美元、欧元、港元、日元和英镑等主要货币汇率序列的非线性变化特征,并以EGARCH模型为例建立信息冲击曲线,研究不同信息条件下,汇率变动情况。实证结果显示,人民币对美元、欧元、港元和英镑四种汇率序列在面临负面消息时,非对称性效应更大,而人民币对日元汇率在面临正面消息时,非对称冲击更显著。在具体汇率预测时,需根据具体情况区别对待。     

人民币兑其他四种主要货币汇率的多标度交叉相关性研究

外汇市场中各汇率之间的相关性一直受到学术界的热切关注。通过多标度消除趋势波动分析和多标度消除趋势交叉相关性分析,对人民币兑其他四种主要货币汇率的多标度自相关性和交叉相关性进行了研究。发现人民币兑美元汇率的自相关性较强,人民币兑韩元汇率的自相关性较弱。以人民币作为基础货币,人民币兑美元和人民币兑欧元汇率的交叉相关性较强,人民币兑美元和人民币兑日元的交叉相关性较弱。     

基于马尔科夫机制转换模型的人民币汇率动态特征研究

基于Markov机制转换模型研究了人民币兑美元、日元、欧元以及英镑汇率的动态特征,并进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:Markov机制转换模型在残差项t分布假定下能很好地拟合人民币兑美元、欧元以及日元汇率行为,但在残差项正态分布假定下能更好地拟合人民币兑英镑汇率数据的动态行为。人民币兑各货币汇率动态特征各不相同,汇率波动程度与状态持续期密切相关。由此可知,持续期较长或较短对应的波动程度较高,而持续期长度处于中等水平则对应的波动程度较低。     

货币政策目标和篮子货币最优权重的选取——基于贸易收支稳定的视角

本文首先建立模型分析在使贸易收支变动方差最小化条件下,汇率指数最优权重的选取,也就是把汇率指数的构建和货币政策的目标结合起来。本文构建了国际收支变动关于篮子货币权重的理论模型,根据贸易收支方差波动最小获得篮子货币的最优权重。进一步,本文对最优权重进行了数值模拟分析,得到出口或进口稳定的最优篮子货币的权重,在此基础上,本文模拟了人民币对美元汇率的走势,并比较了有效汇率稳定目标下篮子货币的权重和人民币对美元汇率的变化。结合宏观经济政策目标重新确定参考篮子货币汇率指数权重,有利于完善和建立参考一篮子货币的汇率制度,为篮子货币制度制定提供理论指导。     

人民币兑美元汇率MS-ARCH模型的MCMC估计和分析

基于MS-ARCH模型,采用Metropolis-Hasting抽样的马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(MCMC)估计方法,研究人民币兑美元汇率的波动状况,并与ARCH类模型的结果进行了对比。研究结果发现:人民币兑美元汇率3种波动状态(低、中和高)的平均持续时间各不相同,其中低波动状态的持续期要长于中、高波动状态的持续期。当汇率表现为低波动状态时,人民币兑美元汇率主要处于贬值状态,而当汇率表现为高波动状态时,人民币兑美元汇率主要处于升值状态。MS-ARCH模型能较好的描述汇率数据的波动状况,能很好地拟合人民币兑美元汇率的动态行为。     

基于R藤的人民币汇率相依结构参数估计不确定性分析

文章利用人民币对欧元、美元、日元、卢布、英镑、加元、林吉特、澳元的汇率数据,构建了描述人民币汇率相依结构的R藤模型。结果表明,人民币对欧元的汇率是中心汇率,也就是说一篮子货币汇率的决定很大程度上依赖于人民币对欧元的汇率。另外,人民币对美元、日元、英镑及卢布汇率也是我国篮子货币汇率的重要组成部分。文章计算了R藤中各成双copula的参数置信区间,并利用滚动窗口技术考察了参数估计的不确定性。结果表明R藤中成双copula参数极大似然估计值的不确定性随着R藤中树的棵数的增加而增大,随着样本观测值数量的增加而减少。     

基于R藤的人民币汇率相依结构参数估计不确定性分析北大核心CSSCISSCI

文章利用人民币对欧元、美元、日元、卢布、英镑、加元、林吉特、澳元的汇率数据,构建了描述人民币汇率相依结构的R藤模型。结果表明,人民币对欧元的汇率是中心汇率,也就是说一篮子货币汇率的决定很大程度上依赖于人民币对欧元的汇率。另外,人民币对美元、日元、英镑及卢布汇率也是我国篮子货币汇率的重要组成部分。文章计算了R藤中各成双copula的参数置信区间,并利用滚动窗口技术考察了参数估计的不确定性。结果表明R藤中成双copula参数极大似然估计值的不确定性随着R藤中树的棵数的增加而增大,随着样本观测值数量的增加而减少。     

基于MF-DFA方法的外汇市场多重分形研究

文章采用MF-DFA方法研究汇率波动的分形特征,以说明人民币与美元汇率走势的长记忆性特征。并通过实证得出两个结论:一是人民币对美元汇率的波动严重依赖其前期波动,前期汇率数值会全部传导到本期;二是人民币汇率市场波动存在明显的分形维,时间序列具有波动异方差性。     

中国汇率的“一国两制”

【英国《金融时报》11月29日】一个国家，两种制度；但（几乎）只有一种汇率。随着美元对所有主要货币汇率全面下跌，加之中国的贸易顺差不断扩大，在内外双重因素影响下，人民币汇率已升至7．84元人民币兑1美元，距离香港联系汇率制度下7．8港元兑1美元的汇率水平仅一步之遥。     

随机性、市场干预与外汇市场有效性——对人民币汇率的动态分析

外汇市场的有效性程度是考察汇率形成机制是否灵活与合理的重要途径。本文运用近似熵的分析方法研究了汇率改革前后人民币外汇市场有效性的动态变化。研究发现,汇改使人民币对日元和欧元间外汇市场的有效性下降,而人民币对美元间外汇市场的有效性在增加。同时,央行对外汇市场干预的强度越大,人民币外汇市场的有效性就越低。经验表明,参考一篮子汇率制度的实施是提高人民币外汇市场有效性的一个重要途径。     

The Euro and Other Major Currencies Floating Against the U.S. Dollar

This paper discusses the interdependent effects of conditional volatilities in returns of the Euro and other major currencies against U.S. dollar exchange rates (spot rates) since the launch of the Euro, using, for this purpose, the daily data and dynamic conditional correlation (DCC)–GARCH model with country-specific effects. The following conclusions are drawn: there are volatility spillovers (contemporaneous and lagged) in the Euro, Yen, and British pound, the degree of the correlation is high between the Euro and British pound against the U.S. dollar, there is a very strong association between the ECB Euro reference rate (fixing rates) and U.S.-traded spot rates, and finally, the impulse-response of volatility (after the accession of new Member States to the European Union) rapidly diminishes in the spot markets, indicating a short-run dynamic effect.     

Forecasting the Euro exchange rate using vector error correction models

Forecasting the Euro Exchange Rate Using Vector Error Correction Models. — This paper presents an exchange rate model for the Euro exchange rates of four major currencies, namely the US dollar, the British pound, the Japanese yen and the Swiss franc. The model is based on the monetary approach of exchange rate theory which uses fundamental macroeconomic variables to explain the exchange rate. A crucial point when using such a model is its proper estimation through cointegration analysis. The euro exchange rate model is therefore estimated in the form of a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model with cointegrating vectors (VECM). We find that when cointegration analysis is undertaken properly, the naive random walk prediction can be out-performed for the US dollar, the British pound and the Japanese yen, but not for the Swiss franc.     

PURCHASING POWER PARITY IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM PANEL SURADF TEST

This study reexamines the validity of long-run purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis using a battery of panel unit root tests for 11 developing countries in Africa over the period 1980-2007. Based on the conventional panel unit root tests, we found evidence that the monthly real exchange rates in these countries were mean reverting. By contrast, the series-specific unit root test proposed by Breuer et al. (SURADF) reveals that only six of the 11 RERs series were stationary using the US dollar as reference currency. Additionally, our results reveal that there is stronger evidence of the parity condition with the Rand-based rates than in the other currency-based rates like the US dollar or Euro. We conclude that PPP holds in some, but not all, of the African countries according to the SURADF tests.     

Russia’s economic space: Currencies, oil, investment

An attempt is made to estimate the influence of the currency and oil factors on the volumes and distribution of investment flows to Russian regions. The emphasis is on a correlation analysis of the impact of changes in the values of nominal foreign exchange rates (the US dollar and the Euro) and the world prices of Urals crude oil on the dynamics of Russian and foreign investments in different regions and regional groups of Russia over a ten-year period (1995–2005). Significant intergroup differences in the degree of investment susceptibility to the currency and oil factors are brought to light, resulting from the country’s heterogeneous economic space, its mineral and labor resources, uneven development of its transport infrastructure, the energy spent by local authorities in attracting investments, etc.     

Managing the renminbi: should China peg to a trade‐weighted basket?

Pegging the renminbi (RMB) to the US dollar since 1994 has characterised China's exchange rate policy under a fixed peg or appreciating crawling peg. The current policy, announced in June 2010, of ‘floating with reference to a basket’ made the RMB 25 per cent stronger against a trade‐weighted basket by early August 2015, while it was 10 per cent stronger against the US dollar. Thus, 14 percentage points arose from changes in the cross rates of the other currencies, notably from the fall of the euro since December 2014. Devaluation of the RMB by 3 per cent in August 2015 just covered the effective appreciation since December 2014. Effects of the cross rates of other currencies could be eliminated by managing the external value of the RMB with reference to a genuine trade‐weighted basket. This could be a suitable intermediary exchange rate regime for China, as the risks associated with free floating are still great. Diversifying further the currency composition of the foreign exchange reserves and other foreign assets of the Chinese government, from US dollars towards euro and yen assets, would be a natural parallel shift. The euro–US dollar–yen exchange rates in late summer 2015 may offer a good opportunity to carry out this move.     

Interest rates, exchange rates and international adjustment: BW II dynamics

Recent attempts to explain the dynamics of adjustment of dollar exchange rates in the face of an anticipated deterioration of the US net international investment position have focused on portfolio balance models of exchange rate determination. In this paper we argue that such models are useful in understanding the behavior of dollar exchange rates with emerging market currencies but, consistent with a large body of empirical research, are not useful in understanding changes in the dollars value against the euro or the currencies of other developed countries. We conclude that portfolio preferences of governments of emerging markets provide the most plausible explanation for the persistent US current account deficit.     

Effect of exchange rate return on volatility spill-over across trading regions

This paper examines the effect of realized exchange rate returns on the volatility spill-over between the euro–US dollar and US dollar–yen currency pairs across the five trading regions: Asia, Asia–Europe overlap, Europe, Europe–America overlap and America. Modelling the interaction between returns and volatility in an autoregressive five-equation system, we find evidence that depreciation of the US dollar against the yen has a greater impact on the US dollar–yen volatility spill-over than appreciation in the subprime crisis period. Appreciation and depreciation of the US dollar against the euro does not appear to have an asymmetric effect on the euro–US dollar volatility spill-over. Our results support the notion that the yen may have been preferred to the euro as a ‘safe-haven’ currency relative to the US dollar during the subprime crisis period.     

The Yen,the US dollar,and the trade weighted basket of currencies: Does the choice of anchor currencies matter in identifying incidences of speculative attacks?

Early constructions of a single crisis index known as the exchange market pressure (EMP) index have largely been based on the fluctuations of the real or nominal exchange rate of a currency against the US dollar—the most commonly accepted anchor currency in the global market. Hardly any studies have however tested the sensitivity of this crisis index to the choice of different “anchor” currencies. To address this pertinent issue, our study considers the EMP indices of the Indonesian rupiah, Malaysian ringgit and Thailand baht constructed by adopting three different exchange rates—the real effective rate, the local currency against the US dollar, and the local currency against the Japanese yen for the period of 1985–2003. The test results indicate that the reported incidences of speculative attacks are highly sensitive to the choice of anchor currencies.     

A tale of Asian exchange rate management: Romance of the three currencies

Asian currencies lack regional policy coordination and are therefore subject to volatilities such as the Asian currency crisis of 1997/99. As the Asian currencies have already been observed to be ‘flying-in-unison’, a stable exchange rate arrangement can be helpful as the next step of evolution for regional financial stability. We consider that creating a cluster effect from coordinated efforts/policies of policy-makers can lead to regional exchange rate stability. To demonstrate this cluster effect, a three-party-game is computed for an Asian bloc, viz-á-viz US dollar and the Euro, based on a Nash and a cooperative equilibrium. The cluster effect would generate external and internal pressures that work towards the formation of a regional currency, although the exact form of exchange rate regime would have to await political consensus. There are substantial welfare gains within Asia network economy through currency cooperation. The formation of an Asian currency bloc would also create counter-balance to the current dominance of the US dollar and the Euro. Like the epic story of Three Kingdoms who sought hegemony in Chinese history, the Asian currency bloc will contend with many possible outcomes of competition as well as cooperation.     

主权货币国际化内在矛盾及其策略选择——兼论国际货币体系多元发展路线的历史逻辑

美元作为主权货币国际化,在适应并促进世界经济增长的同时,其内在矛盾成为世界经济失衡、汇率大幅波动以及流动性泛滥的重要因素。解决美国主权货币国际化助推的贸易赤字、财政赤字和巨额债务问题,需要美国政府财政政策、货币政策和产业政策的重大调整,还需要国际货币体系的重大改革,从美元主导的单一货币模式转变为多元模式。美元、欧元以及正在走向国际化的人民币共同构成代表和主导北美、欧洲、亚洲等三大经济圈、覆盖全球经济体的国际货币体系。研究主权货币国际化的内在矛盾以及国际货币体系多元发展路线的历史逻辑,对有效应对复杂多变的国际经济环境,加快人民币国际化进程具有理论和决策参考价值。