A Balancing Act: Disproportionate Sampling of Organic Foods

When exploring decision making in food marketing, particular events are often unequally represented in the data. Concerns over bias can confuse public policy or strategy interpretation if samples are unbalanced. This occurs when researching organic food marketing. A small share of the market (～4%) and of product innovations (～7%) are organic. Caution is advised when predicting trends based on this disproportionately small sample of organic products. This study demonstrates that there is little statistical difference, and even a net gain in predictive power, when using a balanced sample to test factors that influence a firm’s decision to market organic food. Marginal probabilities for the smaller, balanced sample are biased by a constant factor. Thus ex post adjustment is easy and recommended to enhance predictive power.     

Ethnic Food Marketing

Abstract

This paper discusses the unique role of ethnic foods in value-added food product marketing. In particular, the case of Korean kimchi is used to provide several examples of concepts introduced within the paper. When Korean kimchi export markets were disaggregated into groups of “culturally similar” and “culturally distant” markets, striking differences in the pattern of trade flows were observed. Exports of kimchi to culturally similar markets were more stable, predictable and higher volume. Exports of kimchi to culturally distant markets were more variable and had lower volume. A literature review of 28 articles published from 1979 through 1998 revealed a growing consistency in model formulation for the study of ethnic food markets. The niche markets that ethnic foods represent may be an important part of future value-added food product marketing strategies in an increasingly global society.     

消费升级与黑龙江省绿色食品企业营销战略转型

随着消费者收入的持续提高,消费升级成为必然趋势。企业需要以终端和渠道导向为主向消费者导向为主的营销思路转变,完成企业营销渠道战略的转型。当前,黑龙江省绿色食品企业营销渠道面临着对消费者多样化需求的满足程度不够、产销脱节、缺乏对整体渠道的控制力等问题。在消费升级形势下,黑龙江省绿色食品企业的营销战略应向产销一体化渠道模式转型。产销一体化渠道模式能够促进企业的发展和农户增收,满足消费者对食品安全的要求和多样化需求。     

Marketing in Russia

ABSTRACT

This paper offers a study of the development of the commercial banking system in two East European countries. Based on surveys conducted in Hungary and Poland, the authors discuss elements of the competitive market structure in the banking sector. Findings indicate that the commercial banks in Hungary and Poland have become more competitive, but there are differences between the two countries, especially in the way that the banks use sources of foreign funds.     

我国城乡居民食用农产品消费需求弹性比较——基于2003-2012年省级面板数据

文章利用AIDS模型,采用省级面板数据,对城乡居民主要食用农产品消费支出弹性及需求价格弹性进行估算,分析预算支出和价格变动对食用农产品消费的影响。结果表明：城乡居民对水产品和肉禽的消费支出均富有弹性,对粮食、植物油、蛋类和鲜瓜果的消费支出均缺乏弹性。农村居民对肉禽和蔬菜的支出弹性明显高于城镇居民。城乡居民对水产品的需求量对价格波动很敏感,但对粮食、肉禽、植物油、蔬菜和鲜瓜果的自价格弹性均为缺乏弹性。价格波动对城镇居民食用农产品消费的影响更大,而收入变动对农村居民食用农产品消费的影响更大。以上发现可为政府采取差别化政策引导居民改善食品消费结构及促进农业结构升级提供借鉴。     

Marketing “Gamer Foods”: Qualitative Insights into Responsible Strategy Development

The purpose of this article is to explore the video-gaming experience as a novel consumption occasion for snack foods and to provide insights into responsible marketing strategy development. Consumers' desired food product attributes, their motivating conditions to snack while gaming, and the environment in which this takes place are explored qualitatively through 14 in-depth interviews and 10 separate points of field observation. The findings indicate certain unhealthy food products are valued during the occasion for their social hedonic appeal but also for the basic function of fuelling long marathons of concentration and competition. Results are used to inform strategic considerations which are presented using the traditional marketing mix framework of product, promotion, price, and place of distribution. Therein, management is cautioned toward the obesogenic elements of the consumption occasion and this is a critical consideration throughout. Management is strongly advised to develop and promote healthier snacks as part of facilitating an enabling environment for sustainable food choices.     

Product,Environmental, and Service Attributes That Influence Consumer Attitudes and Purchases at Wineries

Abstract

Direct sales of wine and winery souvenirs to winery visitors is important in a number of regions throughout the United States and around the world. The attributes that influence winery visitors' beliefs can have a significant impact upon wine purchases, repeat visits, positive word-of-mouth comments, and upon future purchases at restaurants and other retail outlets. A study of winery visitors found four underlying factors from a list of 17 attributes. Regression results indicated that several wine, environment, and service attributes have a significant impact upon consumer attitudes and purchases. Product and purchase involvement were also found to impact purchase behavior.     

Understanding the New Potato Futures Contract and Its Implications for Marketing

ABSTRACT

This paper provides an economic interpretation of the prices for the recently introduced potato futures contract trading on the New York Cotton Exchange, based on a review of economic literature. Potatoes differ from other commodities traded on futures markets, because they are stored from one crop year to the next. Harvest contract prices are expected to be similiar each year when first introduced for trading, but become more variable as specific supply and demand information for that year becomes available. Spreads across crop years will be much less correlated than spreads within a crop year. Inverse carrying charges are not expected within the crop year.     

黑龙江省农产品市场营销面临的问题及对策

当前,黑龙江省农产品营销存在着市场调查滞后,市场定位不准确、品牌营销落后、分销渠道不畅、营销方式过于传统、产品分级与包装不科学、物流技术不完善等问题。应大力开展农产品市场调研工作,积极实施农产品品牌营销战略,加强农产品的绿色营销,组建头龙企业、培植市场营销主体,加大物流技术建设及物流投资力度,政府机构要多加以支持。     

创新型社会下的特色农产品营销研究——以苏州为例

随着消费者绿色意识的增强,绿色农产品的需求量大大的增加。开发地方特色农产品,开发绿色农产品,实现农产品绿色营销已经成为农业经济发展的趋势。苏州特色农产品存在本地绿色农产品组合分布不均衡,初级产品居多,深加工产品少,品牌知名度不高,价格较高,鲜活绿色农产品损失率高,产品促销缺乏整合性及长远规划等问题。应树立绿色营销观念,创新营销组合,规范质量标准,开拓营销渠道,做好科技防伪工作,开展网络营销。     

Countermeasures and Suggestions of the Development of Native Products Network Marketing Platform in China

近年来我国网络营销发展迅猛,土特产品的网络营销作为一个新的领域,表现出了强劲的发展势头,但其网络营销平台建设尚不完善。由于网络基础设施薄弱,信息化程度低、物流渠道落后、电子商务安全体系建设滞后以及土特产品的标准化体系、品牌效应尚未形成等不利因素的限制,严重阻碍了我国土特产品网络营销的发展。通过分析我国土特产品网络营销发展中的优势和劣势,提出了土特产品网络营销的发展对策建议。     

Radical Product Innovation in the Dutch Food Industry

Abstract

This paper examines the adoption of radical food production systems in the Dutch food industry. It is argued that radical innovations are of major importance to contribute to the increase of growth and competitiveness. A model was developed to test which factors influence the adoption of radical product innovations, in particular health enhancing food products. It includes organizational and environmental factors derived from literature that influence the adoption of radical innovations. Results indicate that differences in firms' organizational factors determine the adoption of radical product innovations. Implications, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.     

Evaluating the purchase behaviour of organic food by young consumers in an emerging market economy

Promoting consumer purchase behaviour of eco-friendly products is key to environmental sustainability. This research aims to investigate how different factors may enhance or impede young consumers’ intentions to purchase a specific type of eco-friendly product, i.e. organic food. Data were obtained from 289 respondents in an emerging market economy, i.e. Vietnam. Multivariate data analysis using structural equation modelling revealed that food safety concern, health consciousness and media exposure to food messages played integral roles in the formation of attitude towards organic food. Interestingly, consumers’ environmental concern and food taste were of little value in predicting their attitude. Notably, perceived barriers (i.e. high price, inadequate availability, poor labelling and extra time required) significantly impeded both attitude and purchase intention towards organic food. The insights gained from this research extend current knowledge about pro-environmental behaviour in developing countries and they have important practical implications for marketers and other key stakeholders.