基于CVM的农民灌溉水价心理承受能力研究

为准确把握农民灌溉水价的承受能力,制定合理的灌溉水价,借鉴国内外条件价值评估法理论与研究方法,调查分析了研究区域内农民灌溉水价心理承受能力及其影响因素.结果表明:研究区域内农民家庭主要劳动力人数、耕地面积与灌溉水价心理承受能力有显著相关性,农民认为合理的灌溉水价为587～960元/hm2.     

北京市居民生活水价支付意愿及影响因素研究

基于对北京市居民生活用水户访谈与问卷调查,对北京市的东城、西城、朝阳、海淀、丰台、石景山6个区的居民生活用水户的水价支付意愿进行抽样调查,采用Logistic回归模型分析供水服务满意程度、家庭对水费负担程度、对北京缺水的认知程度、对现行水价态度等影响居民水价支付意愿的主要因素,结果显示:26.6%的被调查户愿意支付比现行水价高的水价,73.4%的调查户不愿意支付比现行水价高的水价。分析表明:用户对供水服务态度满意度越高、水费占家庭收入比重越低、对北京市缺水现状了解越多,则居民的水价支付意愿就越强烈。建议根据影响因素分析结果区分不同的目标支付群体,制定完善的水价调整政策,加大宣传力度并加强对低收入人群的水价补贴工作,从而提高居民支付意愿。     

农户意愿灌溉水价影响因素的实证分析——以内蒙古河套灌区为例

本文运用生产函数模型、面板数据模型以及排序选择模型，对农户意愿灌溉水价的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明：灌溉费用投入在农业生产中起着重要的作用；农户的蔬菜种植比重、玉米种植比重和小麦的种植比重越大，农户意愿灌溉水价越低；在灌溉水价提高时如果农户选择调整作物结构或选择节水，农户意愿灌溉水价就越高。农户实际灌溉水价与农户意愿灌溉水价产生巨大差距的原因在于该流域的实际灌溉水价的变动幅度较小。     

黄河三角洲居民对湿地生态系统服务的支付意愿研究

黄河三角洲地区是典型的滨海湿地生态系统,也是环渤海经济圈的重要组成部分。采用条件价值评估法(CVM)在合理设计调查问卷的基础上,通过实地调研获取当地居民对黄河三角洲湿地生态服务的支付意愿。运用非参估计方法得到以下结果:黄河三角洲居民的平均支付意愿在121.3～200.22元/(户·年)之间,总支付意愿在7088.77～11700.86万元/年之间;被调查者的年龄、家庭收入水平、学历和户籍对支付意愿有显著影响。     

休闲农场非使用价值评估及支付意愿影响因素分析*——以千江月休闲农场为例

［目的］休闲农场的非使用价值是其总价值的重要内容,准确评估其非使用价值对于促进休闲农场的可持续发展具有重要意义。游客支付意愿的高低直接影响非使用价值的评估,探究游客支付意愿的影响因素对提高游客支付意愿具有重要意义。［方法］文章从游客认知因素,休闲农场自身软硬件条件等因素综合探究其对支付意愿的影响,并以千江月休闲农场为例进行实证分析,采用CVM方法评估其非使用价值并利用Logit模型分析支付意愿的影响因素。［结果］休闲农场年支付总额即休闲农场非使用价值估测在78868 24万～91461 04万元; 游客的认知程度对支付意愿影响显著,休闲农场的软件硬件环境因素也对游客的支付意愿产生显著影响。从影响效应来看,休闲农场住宿条件,以及认知因素中农场生态环境保护责任主体意识对游客支付意愿影响最大。最后,还提出了游客对不同意愿支付水平的临界标准。［结论］该文从提高公众认知度,改进农场软硬件条件以及重视个性化建设等方面提出政策建议。     

城市消费者对低碳农产品的支付意愿研究——以低碳猪肉为例

本文基于南京市城市消费者的调查数据,运用条件价值评估法(CVM)估算消费者对低碳猪肉的意愿支付水平,并且进一步分析影响消费者对低碳猪肉支付意愿的因素。研究结果表明,消费者对低碳猪肉的平均支付价格为18.95元(初始价格为15元),平均支付意愿为3.95元;低碳猪肉价格、消费者低碳农产品认知度、家庭收入、家庭人口、受教育程度等对消费者支付意愿均有显著影响。     

基于农户视角的江汉平原农村饮水安全支付意愿的实证分析——以石首市个案为例

本文应用条件价值评估法调查了湖北省石首市农户对获得安全饮水的支付意愿,并通过Logistic回归模型对农户支付意愿的影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明：农户对农村饮水安全的支付意愿较高,71．5％的农户表示愿意支付,平均支付金额为121．94元。影响农户支付意愿的因素主要有户主年龄、家庭人口数量和户主文化程度。根据农村饮水的公共物品特征,本丈认为,必须明确农户的支付领域,而政府的介入是确保农村饮水安全的关键。     

基于农户视角的生活供水状况改善支付意愿的实证分析——以江苏省镇江市为例

农村居民饮水现状不容乐观,改善农村生活供水状况,不仅有利于保障农户饮水安全,而且对于降低消费风险有益.基于城乡统筹的要求,镇江市将集中供水覆盖到周边乡镇,了解实际的连接意愿和支付意愿情况,有利于识别项目社会风险.本文采用条件估值法(CVM),对镇江市周边四个乡镇未来受益农户进行了供水需求的随机抽样调查,计算出农户对供水改善的户均支付意愿(WTP),并使用统计分析工具对WTP和可能对其产生影响的潜在因素进行了相关分析,可供制定水价时参考.     

经济发达地区耕地非市场价值及居民支付意愿研究——以南京市为例

研究目的：以南京市为例,研究耕地的非市场价值及城乡居民支付意愿的影响因素。研究方法：条件价值法,计量模型。研究结果：（1）南京市耕地的非市场价值为504087.92万元,单价为20760.59元/hm2;（2）57.76%市民和60.32%的农民家庭愿意为耕地非市场价值付费,支付意愿分别为208.33元/户•a和120.26元/户•a;（3）家庭收支水平、年龄、性别、受教育状况、对耕地非市场价值的认知等是影响城乡居民支付意愿的重要因素。研究结论：受家庭支付能力及其在耕地非市场价值方面受到教育的影响,城乡居民对耕地非市场价值的支付意愿并不高。     

社会资本对农民创业意愿影响的实证分析——以辽宁125位农户调查数据为例

本文以辽宁125位农户的调查数据为基础,利用多元Logistic模型分析了社会资本因素对于农民创业意愿的影响。实证分析结果表明,社会资本对农民创业意愿有显著影响;由于社会资本投资模式的差异,农村女性创业意愿低于男性;打工经历、风险偏好与创业意愿正相关。     

Convergent validity in contingent valuation: an application to the willingness to pay for national climate change mitigation targets in Germany

This stated preferences survey determines the willingness to pay (WTP) for climate change mitigation policies using a representative sample of the German population. WTP is compared across three valuation question formats in a split sample design: the dichotomous choice (DC) referendum, the dissonance minimizing (DM) referendum and the two‐way payment ladder (TWPL). The influence of multinational cooperation on WTP is assessed by variation in the hypothetical scenarios. We demonstrate that the DM referendum and the TWPL, two question formats that induce similar response incentives, yield equal mean WTPs. Multinational cooperation did not change WTP in any of the question formats. Implications for current contingent valuation practice are discussed.     

河长制下江苏居民水环境支付意愿及其影响因素

全面推行河长制需要注重对公众参与的引导。基于对江苏居民的调研数据,组合运用二元Logistic模型和多元回归模型,分析了河长制政策宣传效果对居民水环境支付意愿的影响及其在不同群体中的异质性作用效果。研究发现：总体而言,江苏地区公众的河湖治理参与意愿较高,约75.4〖WTB3〗%〖WTBZ〗的被调查者表示愿意为水环境治理支付一定的费用;全面推行河长制可以显著提升居民的水环境支付意愿,表明该“自上而下”的治理模式对“自下而上”的公众参与同样具有较好的带动效果;河长制宣传效果对不同群体水环境支付意愿的影响存在差异,对于年均收入较高、水环境重要性感知程度较低的群体,河长制宣传效果具有更强的正向反馈。指出应进一步加大河长制宣传力度,对于不同社会群体制定差异化的水环境科普教育宣传方案;同时拓宽公众参与河长制的渠道,推动居民水环境支付意愿“变现”,实现河长与公众联动治水。     

A meta-analysis of the willingness to pay for reductions in pesticide risk exposure

We review the empirical valuation literature on pesticide riskexposure and develop a taxonomy of environmental and human healthrisks associated with pesticide usage. Meta-analysis is thenused to investigate the variation in willingness to pay (WTP)estimates for reduced pesticide risk exposure. Our findingsshow that the WTP for reduced risk exposure is 15 per cent greaterfor medium, and 80 per cent greater for high risk levels, ascompared with low risk levels. The income elasticity of reducedpesticide risk exposure is generally not significantly differentfrom zero. Stated preference approaches based on choice experimentsand revealed preference provide lower WTP estimates than contingentvaluation techniques. Survey design, type of safety device (eco-labelling,integrated pest management, or bans) and chosen payment vehicleare important drivers of the valuation results.     

基于社会资本视角激励农户合作供给小型水利设施的政策建议

以农村社区小型水利设施为研究对象,分析小型水利设施合作供给中现存的精英农户难以形成、异质性农户需求难以协商、供给效率低下等问题,从社会资本角度阐释了小型水利设施合作建设过程中合作发起和组织运行农户行为响应机理,提出加强社会资本建设和培育、培育和发展农村精英农户队伍、构建合理的成本分担和利益分配机制、强化社区环境建设等相关政策建议。     

淡水养殖系统环境损害成本的条件价值评估——以淀山湖水源保护区为例

水产养殖生态系统为人类提供了巨大的生态服务价值,但也造成一定程度的环境污染。本文利用CVM方法调查了淀山湖区域居民对水产养殖系统环境损害成本的支付意愿。分析结果表明,只有23.5%的居民对解决水产养殖造成的淀山湖生态环境损害存在支付意愿。利用单边界两分式问卷调查发现,对于水产养殖生态系统的环境污染治理的平均支付意愿为15.92元/人·年。据此计算,淀山湖周边三镇水产养殖系统的环境损害成本为每年276.7万元。居民治理水产养殖环境污染的支付意愿受收入、性别等社会经济因素的影响。     

Analyzing the Demand for New Value-Added Product: Case of Pure Blueberry Sweetener

Analyzing the demand for a new product that is not on the market presents challenges as agricultural producers search for potential value-added products and develop marketing strategies for these products. This study examines the market potential for a new pure blueberry sweetener in Kentucky. The results from a contingent choice survey indicate that the average respondent was not willing to pay a significantly positive amount for the product. However, a small group of respondents, who can be identified by their overall blueberry purchasing intentions and age, was willing to pay a price higher than the product's cost of production. Small and medium-size producers who are often limited by the financial and technical constraints associated with actual market trials of new products are likely to find that the type of marketing research described here is a particularly cost-effective method of getting information to assess market potential.     

Consumers' willingness to pay for organic rice: Insights from a non-hypothetical experiment in Indonesia

As in many high-income countries, there is increasing awareness towards organic farming in many low- and middle-income countries. Sustained local demand is an essential requirement for further adoption of organic farming by smallholders, who typically have only limited access to export markets. Until now, only few studies have explored the local willingness to pay (WTP) for organic products in low- and middle-income countries in real purchase situations. This paper analyses the consumers' WTP for organic rice in urban and suburban Indonesia using an incentive-compatible auction based on the Becker–DeGroot–Marschak (BDM) approach. We further study the effect of income and a randomised information treatment about the benefits of organic food on respondents' WTP. Estimates suggest that respondents are willing to pay an average price premium of 20% compared with what they paid for conventional rice outside our experiment. However, our results also indicate that raising consumers' WTP further is complex. Showing participants a video about health or, alternatively, environmental benefits of organic food was not effective in further raising WTP. The results can be used as a basis for the design of alternative awareness measures to increase knowledge, interest and demand for organic food.     

Knowledge and willingness to pay for organic food in Spain: Evidence from experimental auctions

The aim of this paper is to analyse the main determinants of consumers' knowledge and their willingness to pay for organic food products. Moreover, the relationship between knowledge and buying behaviour is explored. Virgin olive oil is taken as an example. Data was generated by way of an experimental auction carried out in two cities in northeast Spain. A three-equation model is estimated: (1) Consumer knowledge; (2) the decision to pay a premium for organic olive oil; and (3) how much premium consumers are willing to pay. Results indicate that socio-economic variables are main determinants of consumer knowledge, and that consumer attitude, lifestyle and knowledge all influence the decision to pay a premium for organic olive oil.