Selected Current Data Sources

This identifies the major sources for current economic data. Most of the publications are free; many others are inexpensive. Instructors can use them to update textbooks, and students will find them useful for databases for simulation models, papers, and reports.     

Chasing Data: Sources of Data for the Study of Gambling Economics

The last decade has seen significant deregulation in the betting and gaming sector in many developed countries. This deregulation, coupled with technology‐led product innovation, has seen a renewed interest in the drivers of the demand for gambling and the prevalence of excessive gambling. The necessity for governments to track the social impacts of the gambling has led to an increased need for high‐quality data and this article will review the variety of empirical resources available to researchers. I also discuss innovations in measures or scales employed to quantify excessive gambling and addiction.     

日本能源政策:演进与构成

作者着重介绍日本能源政策的演进与构成,并通过对日本能源政策的横向和纵向比较分析,试图展现战后日本能源政策的全景,进而揭示出日本能源政策的发展轨迹,解析其能源政策中科学的、有利于能源中长期有效使用的举措,以及对中国能源政策制定的借鉴作用。     

什么可以成为思想史的资料？

使用历史资料的范围和方法,不仅是“史料学”的课题,它也可能引起“历史学”的整体改变。二十世纪二十年代以来,因为史料范围的变化,历史学已经发生了重要的转变。可是,在中国大陆的思想史或哲学史研究领域,这一变化却一直不很明显。本文的重点是,第一,以六类文献为例,讨论思想史研究可能使用的更广泛的资料,第二,指出过去的思想史何以不能容纳和解释丰富的资料,第三,指出应当改变若干观念,使思想史研究可以发掘更多资料。     

Climate Policy with Multiple Sources and Sinks of Greenhouse Gases

This paper studies how inclusion of many sources, sinks and reservoirs -- a comprehensive approach -- affects climate policy, compared with a control merely of CO₂. Two questions of particular importance arise in such an analysis. One is how to aggregate the emissions of different climate gases, and the other is how to include all relevant measures in the analysis. To aggregate gases properly, an intertemporal analysis should be carried out. To assure that all relevant measures are included, we suggest that certain measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases are specified explicitly and evaluated together with indirect measures, such as carbon charges. A numerical analysis based on an optimal control model indicates that direct measures may play an important role in the design of climate policy, especially for the control of the emissions of greenhouse gases other than CO₂. Similar to other studies of the time-path for abatement efforts, the bulk of abatement should be taken by the end of the planning period. This result is significantly strengthened if gases with short life-times in the atmosphere, such as methane, are subject to control.     

A Framework for Policy Oriented Innovation Studies in Industrialising Countries

This paper argues that there is increasing need for the integration of policy considerations in the formulation of research questions and in the development of analytical work in policy oriented innovation studies. Despite the fact that Evolutionary and Innovation Studies theories have offered new ways of incorporating policy, little explicitness in this regard has yet been achieved and there is a risk that academic research following the new perspectives will be of little relevance for policy. Rather than a ‘linear process’ starting with empirical research aimed at linking competitiveness and economic performance to technological capabilities (in a comparative perspective and aimed at identifying ‘best practice’) followed by very abstract and un-grounded ‘policy implications' - a new type of link between positive and normative economics in the field is required. Our approach suggests a new structure for policy-oriented and policy-relevant research, i.e. the integration of research on technological change and industrial transformation with research on policy and the development of a conceptual framework for the design and implementation of innovation policies.     

能源经济发展过程中的政策因素

毛泽东同志曾经说过：“政策和策略是党的生命”。由此可见政策的重要性。对于经济建设和发展来说，政策和策略不但决定了经济发展的方式，而且决定了经济发展的速度和质量。可以这么说，没有一种经济的发展不受政策性因素的约束和影响。政策性因素既对经济发展起加速或减速器的作用，又对国民经济不同行业发展起导向作用。我国的能源经济作为国民经济的一个重要组成部分，由于它的基础性地位，政策性因素对其产生影响时，还会把这种影响扩大到其它经济领域中去，还由于我国经济发展不平衡，资源分布差异大，能源经济的投资之巨，涉及面广，操作好坏直接对国家的经济稳定和民心背向产生重大影响。所以，只有充分认识以下几个方面的政策性因素的综合效力，才能为我国经济高速、健康、可持续发展插下腾飞的翅膀。     

能源经济与政策研究中的数据问题

近年来,能源经济与政策研究文献大幅增长,其中绝大多数属于经验研究或政策模拟分析,所使用的基础数据大多来源于政府部门或者国际组织发布的宏观统计资料或者在线数据库。目前有的研究存在较多基础数据问题,从而可能导致结论出现偏误。为厘清各统计量之间的逻辑关系、减少数据滥用或者误用的可能性、增强研究过程的透明度和研究结果的可比性,本文从经济学和国民经济核算等视角讨论了能源经济与政策研究中的数据问题。在开展能源经济研究时,需要明确界定系统的边界,明晰输入量和输出量,传统的发电煤耗法等线性加总方法可能会导致研究结论出现偏误,应用Divisia能源加总方法要更为精准。不同的数据源口径往往不同,来自统计部门的能源数据与经济数据可能并不完全匹配,国内外能源数据口径及其核算方法也存在较大差异。如果不注意这些差异,直接进行数据大小比较是不可取的,甚至可能会导致一些没有科学意义的争议。     

Policy Implications of New Data on Income Mobility

The existence of income mobility may moderate concerns about growing inequalities, especially if income mobility has increased. However, the evidence for rising mobility is equivocal, and its extent is not enough to offset the growth of cross-sectional inequality. There is a case for greater concern for, and different policies towards, those persistently or recurrently poor than those only temporarily poor, but the data analysed here suggest that the bulk of low income observations come from the first two categories. Analysis of income mobility may help understand why people's incomes follow different trajectories and how policy might affect this.     

略论激励技术创新的财政政策取向

建设国家创新体系，促进技术创新，是世界各国关心的重要问题，技术创新已成为国际竞争中主导成败的关键因素。利用财政政策推动技术创新，成为当代各国政府提高综合国力的重要手段。从财政科技投入、税收优惠政策、政府采购制度、财政补贴支持等角度，做出现阶段我国激励技术创新的财政政策选择，具有重要现实意义。     

Combining Household Income and Expenditure Data in Policy Simulations

The analysis of the distributional impact of fiscal policy proposals often requires information on household expenditures and incomes. It is unusual to have one data source with information on both and this problem is generally overcome with statistical matching of independent data sources. In this paper Grade Correspondence Analysis (GCA) is investigated as a tool to improve the matching process. GCA draws out the relationships between the common variables to enable the sample to be partitioned into more homogeneous groups, prior to matching. An evaluation is conducted using the UK Family Expenditure Survey, which is unusual in containing both income and expenditure at a detailed level of disaggregation. Imputed expenditures are compared with actual expenditures through the use of indirect tax simulations. The most successful methods are then employed to enhance data from the Family Resources Survey and the synthetic dataset is used as a microsimulation model database.