我国职业教育经费使用效率问题分析

目前我国职业教育经费的使用结构不合理,使用效率低下的问题普遍存在,本文全面分析教育经费使用过程中存在的问题,分析支出结构不合理和使用效率不高的多种因素,系统和科学地研究职业教育经费的使用问题,从筹措渠道、投资比例、使用结构三方面提出解决对策,使今后职业教育经费的使用更趋于科学合理,从而提高经费的使用效率。     

陕西省岚皋县强化财政资金拨付使用管理

陕西省岚皋县为进一步加强财政资金管理，规范财政资金拨付和使用行为，提高资金使用效益，增加使用透明度，修订并完善了《岚皋县财政资金拨付使用管理办法》。对全县财政预算内外资金的使用管理、财政预算内外资金的拨付、财政预备费的使用、超预算需追加的支出、县本级预算的支农资金、科三费、城维费、项目前期费、计划生育待分配资金等专项资金的使用以及上级下达各项专项资金的使用管理等方面做了具体规定 。     

《食品添加剂使用卫生标准》常见问题解答

食品添加剂与百姓的生活息息相关,不用食品添加剂的食品几乎没有。食品工业越发展,使用食品添加剂的品种和数量越多,食品添加剂的安全合理使用直接关系到食品安全。目前,滥用或超限量使用食品添加剂的现象仍时有发生。完善食品添加剂的标准和法规,可从根本上治理滥用以及超量使用添加剂的问题。GB2760-2007《食品添加剂使用卫生标准》中明确规定了食品添加剂允许使用的品种、使用范围和最大使用量,可进一步指导食品生产企业正确使用食品添加剂。企业要严格按照新的《食品添加剂使用卫生标准》要求,在食品加工过程中,按标准添加和使用,才能确保食品安全可靠。     

中职生病理性网络使用调查

目的:考察中职生病理性网络使用的特点。方法:采用病理性网络使用量表对267名中职生进行调查。结果:男生病理性网络使用得分显著高于女生;独生子女中职生病理性网络使用得分显著高于非独生子女得分;学业排名和病理性网络使用显著负相关。结论:中职生病理性网络使用存在显著的性别和是否独生子女差异,需要更多关注男生和独生子女病理性网络使用。     

基于主成分分析的MLR模型和BP-ANN模型的比较研究

本文分仅使用财务变量和既使用财务变量又使用非财务变量两种情况,使用基于主成分分析的多元线性回归(MLR)模型和误差反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN)模型进行财务危机预警。结果显示,两种情况下的四个模型都可以进行财务危机预警,但预测效果存在差异:既使用财务变量又使用非财务变量的MLR模型和仅使用财务变量的BP-ANN模型的预测效果相同,但考虑总体预测准确率后,仅使用财务变量的BP-ANN模型的预测效果更好。     

浅谈锅炉检验的重要性及检验方法

随着我国社会主义经济的迅速发展，人们需要使用锅炉的地方越来越多，火力发电需要使用锅炉，大楼供暖也需要使用锅炉，有的加工工厂同样需要使用锅炉……由此可见锅炉在人们的日常生活中占有多大的地位。锅炉在使用中总是存在一定的危险性，所以，锅炉安全性的检验室非常重要的，只有保障了锅炉的使用安全，才能才能提高锅炉的使用效率。     

加强高校财务监管 提高教育经费使用效率

当前高等教育经费紧张一方面是由于高等教育经费严重不足,另一方面是由于高等教育经费在使用过程中存在使用结构不合理、效益不高、浪费严重的现象。开展高等教育经费监督管理,对高等教育经费的配置与使用情况进行深入的剖析,能够有效地提高高等教育经费的管理水平和使用效率。本文立足于我国高等教育经费管理现状,对我国高等教育经费的使用情况及使用效率进行分析,并提出提高高校教育经费使用效率的对策。     

蔬菜上市前使用农药的间隔时间有讲究

不少菜农在使用农药防治病虫害时，往往不注意使用的间隔时间，以致造成上市蔬菜农药残留超标。现将国家农业部农药检定所在蔬菜上使用农药的合理使用标准介绍如下，供菜农朋友在蔬菜上市前使用农药时参考。     

食品中人工合成色素使用法规及检测标准进展

人工合成色素(下简称合成色素)在食品中超标、超范围以及违法使用是近年来引发食品安全事件的主因之一。本文从违规使用合成色素的危害、国内外允许使用和禁用情况及检测技术标准等方面对食品中合成色素的使用作了综述,旨在帮助企业和个人更好地了解合成色素的使用规范,在食品中准确合理使用。     

基于主成分分析的MLR模型和BP-ANN模型的比较研究

本文分仅使用财务变量和既使用财务变量又使用非财务变量两种情况,使用基于主成分分析的多元线性回归(MLR)模型和误差反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN)模型进行财务危机预警.结果显示,两种情况下的四个模型都可以进行财务危机预警,但预测效果存在差异:既使用财务变量又使用非财务变量的MLR模型和仅使用财务变量的BP-ANN模型的预测效果相同,但考虑总体预测准确率后,仅使用财务变量的BP-ANN模型的预测效果更好.     

钠碱法烟气脱硫盐析法结晶工艺开发

钠碱法烟气脱硫盐析法结晶工艺,将含有二氧化硫的烟气经预洗涤除尘后,送入吸收塔,与从上往下喷淋的亚硫酸钠接触反应生成亚硫酸氢钠溶液;将亚硫酸氢钠溶液送至反应结晶器加入氢氧化钠溶液调节PH值析出亚硫酸钠结晶;结晶液经增稠器增稠后,进离心机实现固液分离;亚硫酸钠滤饼经干燥后成为亚硫酸钠产品,离心机脱除的母液和从增稠器上部溢出的溢流液返回吸收塔循环喷淋吸收烟气中的二氧化硫。盐析法结晶工艺比传统钠碱法节约蒸汽。     

亚硫酸钠的生产及应用

亚硫酸钠是一种用途广泛的化工产品。文章介绍了亚硫酸钠的生产工艺,以及亚硫酸钠在各工业领域的应用,指出利用含SO_2的工业废气生产亚硫酸钠可实现资源的有效利用和环境保护双重效益。     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Analysis of high dimensional multivariate stochastic volatility models

This paper is concerned with the Bayesian estimation and comparison of flexible, high dimensional multivariate time series models with time varying correlations. The model proposed and considered here combines features of the classical factor model with that of the heavy tailed univariate stochastic volatility model. A unified analysis of the model, and its special cases, is developed that encompasses estimation, filtering and model choice. The centerpieces of the estimation algorithm (which relies on MCMC methods) are: (1) a reduced blocking scheme for sampling the free elements of the loading matrix and the factors and (2) a special method for sampling the parameters of the univariate SV process. The resulting algorithm is scalable in terms of series and factors and simulation-efficient. Methods for estimating the log-likelihood function and the filtered values of the time-varying volatilities and correlations are also provided. The performance and effectiveness of the inferential methods are extensively tested using simulated data where models up to 50 dimensions and 688 parameters are fit and studied. The performance of our model, in relation to various multivariate GARCH models, is also evaluated using a real data set of weekly returns on a set of 10 international stock indices. We consider the performance along two dimensions: the ability to correctly estimate the conditional covariance matrix of future returns and the unconditional and conditional coverage of the 5% and 1% value-at-risk (VaR) measures of four pre-defined portfolios.     

马克思、恩格斯生态经济思想及其对生态环境法治观的启示

马克思、恩格斯具有丰富的生态经济思想,其中主要包括:自然资源是人类生存发展前提和财富源泉、尊重自然规律和合理调节"物质变换"以及"两个和解"的思想,等等。马克思、恩格斯生态经济思想,为人类走向生态文明奠定了深厚的思想渊源和理念基础,同时对确立科学的生态环境法治观具有重大启示。     

The Geography of Innovation in China and India

The BRICS countries in general, and China and India in particular, are now widely regarded as the areas of the world likely to challenge the economic leadership of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). A large part of this challenge will come from rapid technological catch‐up by China and India. Yet, despite a recent rise in interest, there is limited knowledge about how and where innovation takes place in these two leading emerging countries and to what extent the Chinese and Indian territorial systems of innovation differ from those in the EU or the US. In this article we explore the geography of innovation in China and India, concentrating on understanding key territorial‐level innovation trends by country, region and technology field, using the US and the EU as benchmarks. We find significant contrasts between the geography of innovation in China and India and that of the US and the EU. First, the degree of concentration of innovative activities in both countries is extremely high. Levels of agglomeration of innovation in the coastal provinces of China, as well as in Delhi and the South of India, significantly exceed the levels of agglomeration found in the USA and the EU. Secondly, China has witnessed a more rapid increase in the degree of concentration of innovation than India. We posit that the differences in the geography of innovation between, on the one hand, China and India and, on the other hand, between these countries and the developed world are rooted in different institutional settings, different systems of innovation and different national innovation strategies.     

WHAT'S TO KNOW ABOUT THE CREDIBILITY OF EMPIRICAL ECONOMICS?

The scientific credibility of economics is itself a scientific question that can be addressed with both theoretical speculations and empirical data. In this review, we examine the major parameters that are expected to affect the credibility of empirical economics: sample size, magnitude of pursued effects, number and pre‐selection of tested relationships, flexibility and lack of standardization in designs, definitions, outcomes and analyses, financial and other interests and prejudices, and the multiplicity and fragmentation of efforts. We summarize and discuss the empirical evidence on the lack of a robust reproducibility culture in economics and business research, the prevalence of potential publication and other selective reporting biases, and other failures and biases in the market of scientific information. Overall, the credibility of the economics literature is likely to be modest or even low.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

From Socialist Subject to Capitalist Object: Industry Enclave Life Past and Present in Wuhan

There is no better place to explore the relationship of industry enclaves to urban life than China, where traditional danweis (work units) have coexisted with new foreign direct investment enclaves. Here we draw on original interviews with workers at Wuhan Iron and Steel Company (WISCO) and Foxconn in the city of Wuhan to examine industry enclaves old and new in terms of their spatial arrangement, work, institutions, and social life and identity. The article is one of the first to integrate urban and economic geographical perspectives on the subject of enclaves. It provides evidence of similarities and contrasts in the spatial arrangement of work, institutions, life and identity centred on industry enclaves old and new. These contrasts reflect wider relations between the state and the market and between social subject and commodified labour in China. In conclusion, we identify several research directions concerning the scale, diversity and reach of urban enclavism in China and beyond.     

Why Cities? A Response

Why do cities exist? Geographers Allen Scott and Michael Storper recently put the question before the field of urban studies and provided a clear and concise answer in terms of economies of agglomeration and the urban land nexus. I argue that two other basic elements must be added to this duo: the spatial concentration of economic surplus by ruling classes and states and the creation of a built environment or urban landscape. In addition, I take issue with Scott and Storper's neglect of the problem of scale in urban theory and their overly tidy sense of what constitutes a scientific approach to complex phenomena like cities.