建湖县农林场圃积极抗灾自救力争把损失减少到最低限度

地处苏北里下河腹地的建湖县国营农林场圃今年遭受严重水灾后,及时组织发动群众落实抗灾自救措施,取得初步成效。今年8月份,灾害刚过,他们就补种农作物500多亩。并采取内筹外引办法解决救灾短缺     

试析我国水利建设效益长期低下的原因

众所周知，由于近年来我国一些地区乱砍乱伐现象十分严重，当地的生态环境遭到了严重破坏，土壤的蓄水能力大幅度下降，自然环境抵御灾害的能力大幅度下降，生态系统的自我调节能力变得异常脆弱，区域性气候变化规律开始紊乱，降水的时间与窨 分布不再遵循固有的规律，使我国很多地区连续遭受历史上罕见的风灾、旱灾和水灾等自然灾害。     

湖南省洞庭湖区治水对策与可持续发展

水灾是洞庭湖区最严重的自然灾害，明显制约该区的可持续发展，故治水成为区域可持续发展的关键，低矮的地势和湖区降水特点是水灾形成的环境条件，而人类活动在水灾形成中扮演了重要的角色，甚至起着决定性的作用，以可持续发展理论为指导，寻求治水的可持续性对策，对促使湖区经济的持续发展具有特别得要的意义。     

湖南山洪灾害成因及其治理对策

近几年来，湖南水灾受灾地域转移扩大，爆发频次增多，水灾形式以山洪暴发型为主，灾害损失巨大；分析了湖南山洪灾害形成的人为因素禾自然因素，指出人为因素导致生态环境恶化是湖南山洪灾害频繁爆发的主导因素；提出了标本兼治的综合治理对策。     

明代江汉平原水旱灾害的变化与垸田经济的关系

江汉平原“旱少而涝多”的特点,在明代已经表现出来,水灾是对垸田经济破坏最大的自然灾害。夏秋两季是江汉平原水旱灾害的高发期。旱灾在隆庆以前,增加较多;此后,发灾次数大减。而水灾则自明初洪武年间至明末崇祯年间有一个由平缓而加剧的持续发展过程。成化至嘉靖年间,水灾由此前的局部现象,演变为一个引起全区域普遍关注的大问题。自嘉靖后,水灾越演越烈,造成明后期垸田经济发展停滞,江汉平原出现了自南宋兴起垸田以来的第一次经济危机。明代江汉平原水旱灾害变化的特点和水灾的特点日趋严重的原因大致有三:(1)年内降雨分配不均,是发灾季节分布不平衡的直接原因。(2)垸田经济发展过程中宏观控制失调,造成垸田区河湖环境调蓄能力下降,洪涝对垸田生产的破坏力增大。(3)堤防抢修险护不力,致使垸田水利抗灾能力不高,更是明后期水灾频繁加重的根本原因。     

小草莓给吕港村带来人财富——吕港村委会主任孙广山带领群众种植草莓纪实

吕港村是江苏省东台市里下河水乡的一个偏僻小村，过去一直默默无闻，近年因规模种植草莓而名声鹤起。2004年以来，全村种植草莓73．3公顷，年均收入5000-6000元／667m^2，该村申报的“范公”牌草莓畅销本地及周边地区，并成功打入超市，小小草莓给吕港村带来了大财富。     

彰显里下河水乡特色焕新颜

<正>江苏省金湖县塔集镇黄庄村是一个典型的里下河水乡村落。村庄沟塘河渠水清岸绿、农家院落绿树掩映、门前花团簇拥,村庄形态与自然环境相得益彰。先后获评国家“千村万寨展新颜”清洁村庄、省特色田园示范村、省传统村落、省网红美丽乡村等称号,展现出生态宜居美丽乡村新画卷。科学规划设计,彰显地域特色秉持绿色优先的理念,充分尊重村庄原有的生态肌理和环境,彰显里下河的水乡村落景观特色。委托南京大学建筑与城市规划学院专业团队,针对黄庄历史、特有地理位置、“一字型”带状村庄环境现状,以修缮保护展现村庄美,尊重乡村特有的田园景观、传统建筑,注重乡村的环境提升和产业复兴,     

建湖九龙口大闸蟹有限公司

正建湖·九龙口大闸蟹金秋即将傾情上市美味从这里开始建湖九龙口大闸蟹有限公司位于风景优美的里下河地区建湖县,是水产养殖龙头企业,是无公害农产品和绿色食品生产基地,形成育苗场、饲料加工、养殖、营销、水产品加工一体化经营的产业链。养殖场地属亚热带湿润区,光、热、水三要素配合协调,水草丰茂,鱼虾游戈。公司利用当地优越的自然环境,坚持科学育苗,生态放养,形成了一整套规范养殖方法,所培育的大闸蟹不仅"青壳、白肚、金     

建筑企业危机事件处理绩效评估机制探析

为何建筑业应当如此重视危机事件处理的绩效评估问题？以上海为例,2001-2006年上海用于城市基础设施建设的投资累计达到4,382．75亿元,占同期全社会固定资产投资的比重为25．5％。自然环境上,上海是自然环境比较脆弱的地区之一。据科学考证,地球上有两条自然灾害带：一是在环太平洋沿岸几百公里宽的地区,全球约2／3的台风、海啸、风暴潮以及地质灾害和海岸带灾害都发生在这一区域;二是在北纬20度至50度之间的地区,为全球潮灾、浪灾、风灾、水灾等严重爆发地区。     

生态系统服务与农户生计的时空耦合关系研究——以里下河地区为例

[目的]处理好生态保护与生产发展之间的关系是实现区域高质量发展的内在要求，对于生态敏感性较强的地区而言尤其如此。[方法]文章选取生态易损且位于传统农区的里下河水网地区为例，借助2000—2020年里下河地区的土地利用遥感数据和农户生计相关统计数据，并综合运用生态系统服务价值评估、农户生计综合评价指数和耦合协调度模型等方法，对里下河地区生态系统服务价值、农户生计的时空特征及二者的耦合协调关系进行系统研究。[结果]（1） 2000—2020年里下河地区生态系统服务价值呈现“先升后降”的演化特征，空间上表现出“中间高南北低，市辖区低值集中”的分异格局。（2）农户生计水平不断提高且随着时间推移农户生计指数由西北向东南逐渐升高的趋势逐渐凸显，金融资本、人力资本和社会资本是里下河地区农户生活质量提升的主要制约因素。（3）生态系统服务与农户生计耦合度呈“先升后降”的波动变化趋势，极度耦合县域占比最高；二者耦合协调发展状态持续优化，勉强协调类向协调发展类转变以及濒临衰退类向勉强协调类转变是耦合协调度最主要的演化方向。耦合协调度高值区主要集中在中部，并表现出随时间推移向南北两侧辐射扩散的趋势。[结论]里...     

湄公河流域洪旱灾害损失分析

受海洋气候及气候变化的影响,湄公河流域洪旱灾害频发。澜湄合作及中国-东盟合作机制是我国发展周边外交的重要内容。搜集整理近几十年来湄公河流域洪旱灾害事件资料,分析了流域洪旱灾害损失情况、成因及影响因素,结果表明:洪旱灾害是湄公河流域的主要灾害形式,流域4国洪水发生次数占总自然灾害次数的50%左右;洪旱灾害对流域各国的人口、交通、农业、经济等方面的影响均比较显著;气候变化是引起湄公河流域洪旱灾害的主要原因。     

基于随机森林算法的洪水灾害风险评估研究

根据流域灾害系统理论,在考虑致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体的基础上,选取9个风险评价指标,运用样本数据进行人工识别风险并得到训练样本,采用随机森林算法构建基于随机森林的洪水灾害风险评估模型。然后采用随机森林自评估工具,分析建立的洪水灾害风险评估模型的误差和指标,同时构建支持向量机模型作为对比方案,并采用五折交叉验证方法对基于随机森林算法的洪水灾害风险评估模型和支持向量机模型进行验证。最后以海河流域邱庄段为研究对象,分别运用基于随机森林算法的洪水灾害风险评估模型和基于支持向量机模型对相同的数据集进行评估和对比,结果显示,12 h内降雨总量、洪水持续时间和土壤含水量是引发洪水的主要因素,而基于随机森林算法的洪水灾害风险评估的训练精度及测试精度均高于支持向量机模型。     

Floods,food security,and coping strategies: Evidence from Afghanistan

In this paper, we assess the long‐term effect of floods on food security (as measured by calorie and micronutrient consumption) by applying an instrumental variable approach to data from the Afghanistan National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment survey. To identify the determinants of this effect, we also estimate how floods affect per capita yearly household income and poverty status. We find that exposure to flooding during a 12‐month period decreased daily calorie consumption by approximately 60 kcal while increasing the probability of iron, vitamin A, and vitamin C deficiency by 11, 12, and 27 percentage points, respectively. Controlling for price shocks and income only marginally reduces this flood effect on food security, suggesting that impaired livelihoods (rather than price hikes) are its primary driver. We further determine that exposure to this natural disaster decreases income by about 3% and makes flood‐affected households about 3 percentage points more likely to be poor. Lastly, we show that experience of floods is strongly and significantly associated with lower diet quality and quantity, and with engaging in consumption smoothing coping strategies, such as buying food on credit and taking loans. These findings underscore the serious direct impact of floods on both diet and effective behavioral responses to such shocks while emphasizing the need for targeted micronutrient supplementation in disaster relief and food aid measures even after the period of natural disaster emergency.     

Forest cover change and flood hazards in India

Forests provide numerous environmental services such as watershed protection, nutrient cycling, pollution control, climatic regulation, carbon sequestration, flood mitigation, and protection from storms, landslides, and soil erosion. Degradation of forest resources is likely to cause adverse effects on the economy and environment both locally and globally. Further, it is observed that the natural forests do reduce the frequency and severity of floods as it traps water during heavy rainfall and releases the same slowly into streams reducing the run off. However, this link between forest covers and flood damages is still unclear and yet to be settled in empirical literatures. Also, the protective role of forests in Indian context has remained largely unexplored and this paper attempts to fill this research gap. The objective of this study is, therefore, to examine the impact of forest cover on the extent of flood damage in India controlling various social, economic and demographic aspects. The study uses secondary data across the Indian states for the period 1998–2011. The data were analyzed using the Poisson and ordinary least square (OLS) regression models. The findings suggest that forest cover in India has an inverse relationship with the flood damages. In addition, socio-economic factors such as literacy, per capita net state domestic product and population size have significant influence on the extent of flood damages. Hence, investments in forest protection and regeneration are necessary to restrict flood damages and protect human lives and properties.     

城市洪水资源化研究

综合分析城市缺水、城市灾害和洪水资源化,提出城市洪水资源化的概念,并以华南师范大学社区为例,分析洪水资源化的经济效益,建议城市在遵循生态效益最大化的原则下,化害为利,通过城市雨洪收集利用,利用水库、湖泊蓄水,引水输沙,引水冲污等措施实现城市洪水资源化。     

The politics of natural disasters in protracted conflict: the 2014 flood in Kashmir

This paper explores the politics of the 2014 floods in the contentious and conflict-prone Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The September 2014 floods were the most serious natural disaster in the state in the past 60 years, and affected some two million people in the Kashmir valley. Drawing on qualitative interview evidence from 50 flood victims in south, central and north Kashmir, the paper examines the extent to which the disaster transformed existing political narratives. In doing so, it examines the role of the state and central governments, the army, local volunteers, and the media. The paper engages with the politics of disaster literature, exploring how disasters can serve as a lens rather than as a catalyst, and stressing the relevance of understanding the social construction of disaster narratives.     

Switzerland’s transition from flood defence to flood-adapted land use–A policy coordination perspective

This contribution examines Switzerland’s shift towards integrated flood risk management from a policy coordination perspective. The study applies a heuristic framework of policy coordination to explore how adaption needs promoted cross-sectoral policy coordination between hydraulic engineering and land use planning and enhanced coherence in flood policies targeting extreme flood events. To account for the temporal dimension in policy coordination, the article traces Swiss flood policies back to the early 1800s and distinguishes four phases of policy coordination. Across the four periods, the analysis focuses on (a) the drivers of policy coordination, (b) the manifestation of policy coordination in terms of policy frames, goals, instruments and subsystem involvement, and (c) the performance of policy coordination. Complemented by an in-depth case study of cross-sectoral flood policies in the Swiss canton Nidwalden findings show that the coordination between flood and land use policies has primarily been driven by three factors: (i) extreme floods as focusing events, (ii) an increasing problem pressure, and (iii) strategic reorientations in flood and land use policies. Today, flood risk management in Switzerland displays a high degree of sectoral interplay between hydraulic engineering and spatial planning. By fostering flood-adapted land uses Switzerland’s coordinated flood policies reduce the vulnerability to uncertain future changes in flood risk and strengthen the country’s capacities to mitigate damage in extreme floods events.     

黄河下游滩区现状及存在问题分析

在叙述黄河下游滩区自然情况、社会经济情况、滩区治理现状的基础上，详细论述了黄河下游滩区存在的问题。由于黄河水沙问题复杂，治理难度大，滩区治理开发也受到限制，目前存在的主要问题是：1）洪水威胁依然存在；2）悬河形势严峻、河势尚未有效控制；3）滩区旱涝灾害严重；4）滩区产业结构单一；5）滩区政策落实不到位；6）滩区安全建设状况严重滞后。这些问题的存在，对滩区开发和管理产生很大的影响。     

淮河流域行蓄洪区运用的风险因素识别

淮河流域行蓄洪区作为防洪工程体系的重要组成部分,在减轻淮河沿岸大堤的洪水压力方面发挥着重要作用。行蓄洪区的运用会造成行蓄洪区内的经济损失、人员伤亡及环境污染等多种风险。行蓄洪区运用的风险是致灾因子的危险性、孕灾环境和承灾体易损性及御灾环境的脆弱性等共同作用的结果。从4个方面分析淮河流域行蓄洪区运用的风险因素,提出淮河蓄洪区运用的风险防范对策。     

基于改进DIIM的洪涝灾害下供应链系统中断关联型损失评估研究

为解决暴雨洪涝灾害频发对企业生产和整条供应链的运行带来的巨额经济损失问题,在考虑供应链系统相互关联的基础上,运用改进的动态非正常程度投入产出模型(DIIM)模拟洪涝灾害导致企业非正常程度的动态运行状态,测算洪涝灾害给供应链系统带来的直接损失及关联损失。以2021年马来西亚洪涝灾害影响下的某制造业供应链系统为例,选取相关指标对洪涝灾害导致供应链系统中断带来的关联型损失进行评估。结果表明:洪涝灾害引发的供应链各节点功能下降程度由需求端和供应端两方干扰共同影响,非正常程度和损失都是一个动态变化的过程;仿真数据直观显示了洪涝灾害下供应链中断发生、扩散及恢复过程,有助于决策者对洪涝灾害下供应链系统运行进行分析和管理。