汇率波动与国际贸易关系研究综述

自1973年布雷顿森林体系瓦解后,各国之间的浮动汇率制导致的汇率风险一直干扰着国际贸易的顺利进行,首次研究该领域问题的Clark(1973)将进出口贸易因名义汇率波动而减少的现象定义为汇率风险。其主要机理在于:风险规避型的进出口商都倾向于在汇率稳定的情况下进行贸易,所以当一国     

人民币汇率水平与波动程度对我国出口的影响

在不存在价格粘性的情况下,汇率贬值促进出口贸易,而汇率波动程度的影响取决于企业的目标选择,即以总收益期望最大化还是以净利润变动最小化为目标.实证发现,我国企业以总收益期望最大化为目标,而忽略汇率风险管理与控制,我国出口增长主要得益于生产成本优势,而汇率水平与波动程度的贡献很小.这解释了为何人民币升值并没有明显阻碍我国出口的增长.     

汇率与国际贸易关系研究:国外文献综述

论文对有关汇率与贸易关系的文献进行梳理,主要侧重于两方面的内容:汇率波动与汇率失衡分别对国际贸易的影响。总体而言,汇率波动对国际贸易的影响具有较强的条件性与不稳健性,其影响的程度与方向依赖于对冲工具的可获得性、贸易商的风险规避类型、生产结构、调整成本及经济一体化程度等。而汇率失调在短期内对贸易存在显著影响,影响程度依赖于贸易商的定价策略、全球价值链的重要性等。在长期内,汇率失调对贸易几乎不存在影响,除非市场存在其它紊乱因素。因此,汇率只是影响贸易的因素之一,以贸易平衡为核心的全球经济再平衡不能只依靠汇率的变化来实现。     

汇率波动特征的研究方法综述

汇率的波动可以划分为长期波动,中期波动和短期波动,对于变量波动性的研究,金融计量经济学经典的渡动模型是Engk(1982)建立的自回归条件异方差(ARCH)模型,Bollerslev(1986)将ARCH扩展成GARCH模型,允许将条件异方差转化成一个ARMA模型,成为扩展的自回归条件异方差模型.对于波动特征的揭示都有很好的预测效果.     

人民币汇率波动对我国国际贸易的传导效应

本文考察了我国与11个主要国际贸易伙伴的进出口贸易情况,使用GARCH模型测算人民币汇率波动,应用ARDL协整方法研究在现行汇率制度下人民币汇率波动对我国国际贸易的传导效应,得出如下结论:一是总体上,人民币汇率波动对我国国际贸易具有负面的传导效应,国际贸易尤其是出口贸易会受到人民币汇率波动的影响;二是贸易伙伴经济发展对我国国际贸易有促进作用;三是我国国际贸易不易受到进出口产品相对价格变动的冲击.     

汇率波动对国际贸易的影响——基于出口加工企业的微观视角

本文构建了一个汇率不确定环境下的加工贸易企业模型,结论是汇率波动幅度增加对企业出口决策的影响取决于企业生产的附加值,汇率波动幅度的上升会增加高附加值企业的产出和出口水平,减少低附加值企业的产出和出口水平.对2005年7月人民币汇率改革以来我国12类出口商品月度数据的实证检验与上述理论模型基本相符.随着人民币汇率的逐步市场化,人民币汇率波动幅度将逐渐加大.因此,要减少汇率波动对产出和出口的不利影响,我国需要进一步提高加工贸易的产品附加值,多从事技术密集型产品的生产.     

汇率波动对国内物价的影响——文献综述

文章从理论和实证两方面,对汇率波动对国内物价的影响进行了文献综述。早期的理论以弹性价格为假设,认为汇率波动引起进出口价格同比例的变动,提出了汇率波动对国内价格影响的"完全传递论";另一个极端则以名义价格刚性为假设,认为汇率波动对国内物价不会产生影响,进而提出了"无效论";而更多的研究以粘性价格为假设,认为汇率波动对国内物价有影响,但由于存在价格的粘性,这种影响因国家的开放度、企业的定价策略而异,存在非完全传递性,从而提出"非完全传递论"。     

人民币汇率波动现状及对我国经济的影响探析

当前国际金融形势日益复杂,汇率波动频繁,与此同时人民币汇率形成机制的改革正稳步推进,并向市场化发展,人民币汇率波动也已成常态.伴随全球经济一体化的发展世界的联系越来越紧密,而且随着全球经济一体化进程的深化,我国经济与全球经济的联系越来越密切,人民币汇率波动对经济的影响也逐渐加大,汇率波动风险正成为制约我国经济发展的关键.     

人民币汇率波动对宏观经济运行影响的实证分析

笔者采用SVAR方法实证1995年1月至2011年2月人民币汇率波动对宏观经济运行的影响,并论证了汇率冲击的动态传导机制,得出了如下结论:人民币升值总体上不利于净出口和实际产出的增长,并导致在近期和将来货币供应量的不断增长,人民币的升值总体上有利于控制通货膨胀。     

New evidence for exchange rate pass-through: Disaggregated trade data from local ports

For the estimation of exchange rate pass-through (henceforth ERPT), except for some evidence based on firm-level data, even the most disaggregated level of national export data is still biased with aggregation over sub-regions within an exporting country. We investigate to what extent this aggregation within product category is biased by comparing ERPT estimates across local ports. We use monthly exports at the HS 9-digit level from January 1988 to December 2005 for five major Japanese ports. Using a panel data regression framework, we control for exporting industry and importing country. Statistical tests provide strong evidence that export prices are set at different levels across local ports and that they correspond differently with respect to fluctuations of exchange rates.     

Product differentiation, firm heterogeneity and international trade: Exploring the Alchian–Allen effect

In a model of international trade with horizontally differentiated goods, increasing returns and monopolistically competitive markets, this paper proposes that the degree of differentiation in a product mix–defined as the ratio of the number of varieties to the total value of imports–can be regarded as another aspect of quality. Furthermore, this paper draws a parallel to the Alchian–Allen effect and shows that, when firms are heterogeneous in either fixed or variable costs, the degree of differentiation is increasing in per unit transportation costs.     

The Threshold Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Trade Volume: Evidence from G-7 Countries

Abstract

This paper uses a threshold model to examine a possible threshold effect in the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade volume for the bilateral trade volumes between the US and other G-7 countries. A grid-searching method is used to obtain the threshold points, and time-series econometric techniques are applied to estimate the long run stable relationships as well as short-run dynamics. The results support the existence of nonlinearity in the effect of exchange rate volatility, and indicate that trade volume tends to increase when exchange rate volatility surpasses a certain threshold point.     

人民币汇率问题:国际压力传导渠道分析

出于国内政治利益考虑,美、日等发达国家频频向中国施压,要求对人民币进行升值、增加汇率制度弹性.人民币汇率制度调整受到了来自国际层面的巨大压力.发达国家主要通过以下渠道对中国施压:指控中国操纵汇率,利用多边机制将人民币汇率问题国际化,应用其国内政治规则和程序,借助外交手段或渠道,利用媒体左右国际舆论等.全面分析国际压力的传导渠道,有助于我们化解国际压力,在人民币汇率制度的改革和调整中保持主动.     

汇率波动与国际贸易量的不确定性关系-基于中国的经验证据

对于汇率波动与国际贸易量的关系,学界一直存有很大争议,但经验检验尚不足以为理论分析提供有说服力的证据。本文着重在如下三个细节方面做深做细:第一,更精确地测算汇率波动,发现并注重汇率波动对冲击可能存在的非对称特征;第二,以严格的内生性检验指导工具变量的应用;第三,模型设定采用联立方程同时考察出口需求和供给。文章发现,无论是贸易方向上还是贸易方式上,均没有理由认为汇率波动显著影响了出口需求,但汇率波动却显著抑制了中国的出口供给。     

Exchange Rate Volatility,Earnings Uncertainty and Bidirectional Trade Flows: Empirical Evidence on Ghana

Although the empirical findings on the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade is diverse, the growing consensus in the literature appears to suggest that for developing economies, the theoretically expected negative relationship almost always exists. The paper takes a different approach to empirically assess this relationship by analysing the impact of exchange rate volatility independently on total trade, imports and exports. The intuition behind this approach is to assess exactly how exporters and importers are incentivised (differently or similarly) by exchange rate volatility costs. Whereas adequately risk-aversed Ghanaian exporters in the presence of higher exchange rate volatility and the absence of hedging facilities effectively compensated against exchange rate risk by increasing volume of exports, import decisions were to some extent (although not effectively) negatively affected by exchange rate volatility. The different responses by Ghanaian exporters and importers to higher exchange rate volatility costs are reflected in the relationship between volatility and total trade. The useful policy lessons and the challenges that the empirical evidence present are discussed.     

汇率调整对中国就业的影响--基于理论与经验的研究

汇率变动影响出口产品的价格 ,改变出口企业的投资决策 ,从而使出口企业的生产规模发生变化 ,劳动力需求也受到影响。当出口在一国经济中占有重要地位时 ,汇率的调整就会影响就业。本文通过理论和实证方法 ,分析人民币汇率调整对就业的实际影响。研究结果表明 ,人民币升值将抑制就业的增长 ,并加重就业负担。因此 ,目前人民币汇率不宜大幅上升 ,但有必要对外汇管理和外贸体制进行适时的调整 ,以适应日益开放的竞争性市场体系     

The impact of trade openness on labour force participation rate

In this article, we investigate the impact of trade openness on labour force participation rate. We use tariff rate as the main indicator of trade openness and we employ the number of regional trade agreements and the average tariff rate in the neighbours’ countries as instrumental variables to diminish the endogeneity problem of the tariff rate. We find that trade openness increases the participation rate which is economically and statistically significant. The results show that this correlation is robust under controlling for different variables and using various specifications. We find that 10 percentage point increase in tariff rate lowers the participation rate by 4–6 percentage point and this relationship is more severe in the long run. Finally, we show that changes in labour force population accounts for about 27% of changes in the unemployment rate following a trade liberalization.     

基于人民币国际化角度的人民币汇率形成机制改革策略

人民币国际化是适应中国国际经济地位的重大战略。首先从国际货币职能角度分析了人民币国际化的现状及不同职能对人民币汇率形成机制的不同要求,认为货币国际职能的实现是分阶段的,在每一个阶段需要的资本项目开放程度与汇率形成机制是不同的,并在此基础上提出人民币国际化与汇率形成机制的匹配策略。