浅议统计方法在无形资产评估中的应用

通过对<无形资产评估准则>各个条款的研究,分析了统计方法在评估实践中的具体运用,论证了统计方法在收益法和市场法中应用的科学性和合理性.主要讨论了准则的基本要求与相关统计理论的关系,收益法的运用与统计分析的关系,市场法的使用与指数理论的关系.     

对无形资产评估价值决定理论的重新认识

无形资产评估价值不能完全等同于马克思的劳动价值,也并非是无形资产的价格或实际市场价格.无形资产的内在"价值"源于无形资产所具有的获利能力,无形资产的评估价值则取决于在特定条件下其内在价值可实现的程度.无形资产的评估价值仅仅是专业人员对拟进入流通的无形资产最有可能实现的市场价值的一种判断和意见.     

Income Smoothing, Earnings Quality and Firm Valuation

Abstract:   This study argues that lower variability of earnings does not guarantee income smoothers' higher firm values. Instead, smoothers' earnings should be more value‐relevant if they are of high quality, i.e., earnings quality should be considered simultaneously. Sample firms are divided into four groups: quality earnings smoothers, quality earnings non‐smoothers, non‐quality earnings smoothers, and non‐quality earnings non‐smoothers. Value relevance of reported earnings is then studied using both the levels and the changes approaches with indicator variables. Results show quality earnings smoothers have the highest price‐earnings multiple while non‐quality non‐smoothers have the lowest price‐earnings multiple.     

Firm Valuation,Earnings Expectations,and the Exchange-Rate Exposure Effect

Consistent with previous research, we fail to find a significant correlation between the abnormal returns of our sample firms with international activities and changes in the dollar. We investigate the possibility that this failure is due to mispricing. Lagged changes in the dollar are a significant variable in explaining current abnormal returns of our sample firms, suggesting that mispricing does occur. A simple trading strategy based upon these results generates significant abnormal returns. Corroborating evidence from returns around earnings announcements as well as errors in analysts' forecasts of earnings is also provided.     

Change in Inventory and Firm Valuation

This study examines the effect of the informativeness of change in inventory on firm valuation. A firm's change in inventory is informative if its percentage change in cost of goods sold is positively and significantly associated with its lag one percentage of production added to inventory (a measure of change in inventory). Sample firms are divided into two groups: firms with informative change in inventory, and other firms. Analyses then are performed to examine the association between stock price and earnings. Results consistently show that the association is higher for firms with informative change in inventory. Thus, knowledge on the informativeness of change in inventory is useful for firm valuation.     

对评估目的的实质、分类和现实意义的探讨

本文作者通过对现有的“评估目的与经济行为等同”、“评估目的与经济行为对应”、“评估目的的投入产出”和“一般目的和特定目的划分”等观点进行分析后,提出了“评估目的的经济职能”的观点,对评估目的的实质和类型进行探讨。此文为作者一家之言,希望能引起广大读者进一步探讨。     

The Relevance to Firm Valuation of Capitalised Research and Development Expenditures

Although the relevance of research and development to firm value has been extensively documented, some apparently contrary results were recently reported using Australian data. Godfrey and Koh (2001) reported that capitalised R&D costs do not seem to contain information relevant to the valuation of Australian companies. As the Godfrey and Koh study was designed to test the value-relevance of intangible assets in general, it is likely that the sample did not include sufficient research-intensive companies to test the relevance of R&D to firm value. This research note confirms results from other previous studies indicating that capitalised R&D is relevant to firm value.     

Restructuring and Firm Value: The Effects of Profitability and Restructuring Purpose

This study extends prior research on the information content of restructuring charges. We find that the relationship between restructuring activities and returns during the restructuring charge year is different for loss firms than for profit firms. Restructurings that are primarily intended to either eliminate personnel or exit a line of business are positively associated with returns of the loss firms, suggesting that investors view these activities as value-increasing. In contrast, common stock returns of profit firms exhibit a nonpositive association with restructuring charges. Overall, our results point to the role of the context and the content of the restructuring announcement in the market's assessment of the value relevance of restructuring charges reported in the financial statements.     

The Endogeneity of Managerial Compensation in Firm Valuation: A Solution

Much of the empirical literature that has examined the functionalrelationship between firm value and managerial ownership levelsassumes that managerial ownership levels are exogenous and arethe only component of managerial compensation related to firmperformance. This assumption is contrary to the theoreticaland empirical literature wherein managerial compensation isendogenously determined and includes both shares and options.Using instruments for managerial compensation and panel datato control for unobservable heterogeneity in the firm's contractingenvironment, we estimate a system of simultaneous equations.We find that firms are in equilibrium when they endogenouslyset their chief executive officer's compensation.     

美国对会计事务所的价值评估

文章介绍了美国一个会计事务所的价值评估案例,此案例采用收益法、资产基础法及市场法三种评估方法分别对某一会计事务所所有者权益进行了评估,最后综合三种方法的评估结果,得出最终的评估结论.此案例对于我国智力型企业的价值评估很有借鉴意义.     

浅谈会计师事务所的风险管理

中国的会计师事务所在发展过程中始终面临着各种各样的经营风险。针对执业环境中的法律不健全而引发的种种问题,注册会计师应开阔视野,创新管理模式,以防范和化解审计风险。     

To Steal or Not to Steal: Firm Attributes, Legal Environment, and Valuation

Data on corporate governance and disclosure practices reveal wide within‐country variation that decreases with the strength of investors' legal protection. A simple model identifies three firm attributes related to that variation: investment opportunities, external financing, and ownership structure. Using firm‐level governance and transparency data from 27 countries, we find that all three firm attributes are related to the quality of governance and disclosure practices, and firms with higher governance and transparency rankings are valued higher in stock markets. All relations are stronger in less investor‐friendly countries, demonstrating that firms adapt to poor legal environments to establish efficient governance practices.     

The Relevance to Firm Valuation of Capitalising Intangible Assets in Total and by Category

Debate about the appropriate treatment of intangible assets can benefit from knowledge about the relevance of their financial statement capitalisation to valuation of firms. With rules permitting or requiring intangible asset capitalisation, Australia provides an ideal setting to obtain this evidence. This paper reports findings that indicate that capitalisation of intangibles is value-relevant for Australia's largest firms. Results indicate that investors place greater value on capitalised goodwill than on other categories of capitalised balance sheet items. Similarly, capitalisation of identifiable intangible assets adds value to large firms. However, research and development capitalisation does not affect the value of firms in our study.     

资产评估机构应引入“知识管理”的理念

作为资产评估机构,其核心竞争力就是人和人所掌握的知识,因此,有必要进行知识管理.知识管理要认识知识运动的客观规律,还要和管理学的一般原理相结合,从企业的发展战略、激励措施、组织结构、组织文化等方面着手进行.具体实施可以利用平衡计分卡等工具.创造一个好的实施环境也是必不可少的,尤其是企业高层管理者的主动引导、参与、贡献.     

A Fundamental Analysis Approach to Oil and Gas Firm Valuation

Most fundamental analysis studies have focused on fundamentals selected by a data-driven approach on large samples of firms from numerous industries. This paper reports the results of a fundamental analysis of a single industry, the US oil and gas exploration and production industry, using variables identified by industry financial analysts. The results demonstrate a significant relationship between a number of the fundamentals with both the market value of equity and cumulative stock return. The results also suggest that the fundamentals provide incremental information beyond earnings, change in earnings, and book value of equity when explaining equity values and stock returns.     

Stock Market Valuation, Profitability and R&D Spending of the Firm: The Effect of Technology Mergers and Acquisitions

Abstract:  In this paper, we investigate whether a firm can enhance the effect of its R&D spending on its current market value and future profitability through technology-oriented M&As. On the basis of an analysis of 1,879 M&As, we find that when a technology firm acquires another technology firm, the magnitude of the stock price response to the R&D spending of an acquirer increases by 107% in the year of the M&A. In contrast, we find no such increase in the stock price response to the R&D spending of a non-technology acquirer. We also find that technology acquirers are more successful in converting their R&D spending into positive future profitability than non-technology acquirers. Our results are robust for different alternative specifications of our model and when various firm differences are controlled for.     

国有股份制银行的无形资产及其投资活动分析

无形资产投资是企业长期投资活动的重要组成部分,具有双刃剑效应.本文全面分析国有股份制银行的无形资产及其投资活动.研究发现:从表内无形资产来看,无形资产占总资产的比重偏低,且呈下降趋势;土地使用权仍是最主要的表内无形资产.从投资活动来看,国有股份制银行在人力资本投资、组织结构资本投资和关系资本投资方面已有初步发展,但总体呈现出投资不足的特征,更缺乏系统性的无形资产投资战略与投资效率评价体系.本文最后提出了若干建议.