初次分配效率与公平的政策组合与效用选择

按照对效率与公平偏好的不同,初次分配效率与公平的政策组合有四种类型:"轻效率,轻公平"型;"轻效率,重公平"型;"重效率,轻公平"型;"重效率,重公平"型。不同社会发展阶段收入分配政策的制定实际上是对这四种政策组合的选择,以选择能带来最大化效用的分配制度。用分粥模型形象地对效率与公平的各种政策组合进行模拟,并根据收入分配效用函数对效率与公平政策组合的效用选择状况进行分析,结果表明,在初次分配"重效率"目标不变的前提下,消除收入分配不公平、减少贫富差距的关键在于同时建立初次分配"重公平"的机制。     

我国低效资本市场的负面影响及应对策略

长期以来 ,以证券市场为代表的我国资本市场一直处于低效弱效状态 ,这一市场态势已成为当前提升我国金融体系国际竞争力、深化经济体制、社会保障改革与金融市场应对加入WTO的最大障碍。我们的社会各界特别是政府部门应在借鉴外国高效的资本市场监管基础上 ,从立法与政策上采取得力措施进一步完善市场参与主体约束机制 ,改进入市股权所有制成份结构 ,准许国有法人股入市流通 ,健全市场信息披露制度 ,充分发挥市场价值规律 ,形成内在的价格均衡机制 ,降低平均交易成本 ,增强投融资效率 ,从而提高我国的资本市场效率 ,为提高我国金融体系国际竞争力、深化经济体制、社会保障改革 ,为应对加入WTO后的金融环境扫清障碍。     

Neutrality agreements: How unions organize new hotels without an employee ballot

Hoteliers who have a project under development increasingly are being asked by labor-union organizers to sign so-called neutrality agreements—sometimes under duress. While labor unions do not operate in all hotel markets, this organizing tactic seems to be gaining currency where unions are present. By signing a neutrality agreement, the hotelier agrees not to oppose the union's organizing efforts, to allow the union to contact employees during work hours, and to allow the union access to employee directories. Without the agreement, the union would not be allowed any of those things, and the hotelier would be allowed to state its case publicly for why employees might not want to be represented by a union. The duress comes from the union's potential threat to use political connections to hamper the project's permits and to invoke the activity of other labor unions. The key element missing in the neutrality agreement is the employees' consent to the arrangement. Given that workers are legally given the right by U.S. labor law to decide via a secret ballot whether they do or do not want to be represented by a union, a neutrality agreement that allows for employers to recognize a union via a “card check” provision appears to abrogate that right to a secret vote by effectively sealing the matter before the hotel even begins hiring. Recent court rulings point to the likelihood that if workers formally complain to the National Labor Relations Board about such agreements, those agreements could be set aside.     

Eight months later — Has the Eurozone been stabilised or will EMU fall apart?

Eight months ago, as the risk of sovereign default in Greece fi rst emerged, the Intereconomics Forum invited a number of contributors to examine the options available to EU policymakers. As the threats to European Monetary Union resurface now, six of the same authors return in this issue’s Forum to reassess the situation, in particular with regard to the EU’s recent policy responses to the ongoing crisis. Whereas both optimists and pessimists could support their views with strong arguments eight months ago, the EU’s current predicament has shifted the prevailing sentiment strongly toward the pessimistic view. From the Irish bailout to the precarious status of Portugal, not to mention the potentially disastrous situation looming in Spain, our contributors are uncertain whether EU policymakers are up to the challenge of defending the euro. As evidence of this, several point to the EU Council’s October decision to establish a permanent crisis resolution mechanism to ensure an orderly state insolvency procedure, which did little to calm markets. Nonetheless, most of these economists still see ways for the EU to escape the crisis without being forced to abandon the common currency.     

Approaches to child labour in the supply chain

This paper examines the difficulties of dealing with child labour in the supply chain. It begins by identifying a number of the factors which make global supply chains so difficult to manage. It goes on to outline a framework of different approaches that can be taken to managing the supply chain with relation to child labour, moving from national and international regulation, through to the role of NGOs and the companies themselves. Focusing on an 'engagement' strategy for dealing with child labour, the paper traces a case study of Adidas-Salomon and its attempts to implement their 'standards of engagement' in this area with relation to one of their supplier factories in Vietnam. The research draws on the direct involvement of one of the authors who visited the site and was able to interview staff and observe the operation in practice. Her findings are supported by wider work on the implementation of corporate approaches to human rights at a range of companies interviewed by another of the authors. The paper aims to highlight the issues needing to be addressed for companies considering the 'involvement' approach to child labour. It also aims to develop theory on our understanding of different approaches to corporate rights.     

构建我国多层次证券市场体系的思路与对策

本文认为,分层次的证券市场结构适应于企业不同成长阶段的融资需求,能促进资本市场及整个经济的快速发展;我国证券市场体系过于单一,无法满足不同类型融资者和投资者的需求,严重制约了我国经济的发展。文章提出了构建我国多层次证券市场体系的思路即尽快合并沪、深两个证券交易所,形成一个主板市场;推出创业板市场,完善资本市场结构;恢复和发展柜台交易市场,形成区域性的柜台交易市场与全国性证交所市场、创业板市场相互补充的多层次资本市场体系。     

Corporate Rights to Free Speech?

Although the courts have ruled that companies are legal persons, they have not yet made clear the extent to which political free speech for corporations is limited by the strictures legitimately placed upon corporate commercial speech. I explore the question of whether or not companies can properly be said to have the right to civil free speech or whether corporate speech is always de facto commercial speech not subject to the same sorts of legal protections as is the right to civil free speech. In the absence of clearly defined legal precedent, I emphasize moral reasons for determining the appropriate limits of corporate civil free speech. Appealing to arguments typically used to justify individual rights to civil free speech, I examine the extent to which this sort of justification may or may not be legitimately extended to corporations. I conclude that corporate rights to civil free speech must be restricted because granting rights of free speech to institutions may, in practice, undermine the moral rationale and practical feasibility of guaranteeing rights of civil free speech to individuals. Furthermore, I argue that granting corporations full rights to civil free speech will undercut attempts to develop good moral character in corporate institutions by undermining the efforts of watchdog organizations.     

解析中俄贸易中的“灰色清关”问题

“灰色清关”是制约中俄两国经贸发展的瓶颈,解决这一问题需要中俄双方通力合作,加强不同层面的交流。中方应努力提高内功,适应新市场环境,开拓经贸合作新领域,寻求经营新方式,加强行业协会自律。同时,政府应出面要求俄方降低海关关税。俄方应对正规清关提供保障,加大对“灰色清关”的打击力度。     

物流文化的作用及其建设思路

在激烈竞争的形势下,加强我国物流文化建设非常必要。为此,物流企业必须准确把握物流文化建设的基本目标,强化物流文化的塑造过程,积极学习新知识,不断丰富物流文化内涵。     

经济开放、承接技术外溢与促进中部崛起

入世后过渡期结束的过程,也是我国加大开放,融入全球化的过程.该过程为中部地区通过加速区际贸易和引入外部直接投资,发展外向型经济,接受技术外溢,实现经济跨越式发展提供了重要渠道和契机.中部地区应充分利用对外开放的技术传递作用机制,通过市场与政府的协同作用,建立可持续的自我快速发展机制,实现自身崛起.     

Management Information System – A Tool for Corporate Sustainability

This paper represents the attempt to define a methodology that can evaluate the degree to which companies' information systems correspond to needs determined by the objectives of sustainability the firm imposes on itself. The result is the creation of a general model which define the correct approach to evaluating information systems – a model which should be adapted to the specificity of each single company which intends to adopt it. In the chart indicated, we obviously have not considered activities connected to the implementation of the survey system, which are particular to each company's situation. The first part of the paper consists of an overall introduction to the approach that has been used to assess the (MIS) of Granarolo, one of the Italian companies involved. The case study contains a profile of the company, the analysis of its MIS referred to the three dimensions of sustainability, and an evaluation of the strong points and issues to be developed. This approach to evaluate the gap between desired requirements of an information system for sustainability and current data available in a firm, has proved its consistency and usefulness. It helps to understand where data are, which dimensions, spheres, stakeholders account for and what is the level of integration between different information systems existing in the firm.     

江西现代物流业发展现状、问题与对策

现代物流业是国民经济发展的动脉和基础产业,其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化和综合国力的重要标志之一。近年来,江西把加快发展现代物流业作为调整经济结构和地区布局、提高经济整体运行效率和质量、改善投资环境和增强综合竞争力的战略选择,物流设施日趋完善、物流规模不断扩大、物流形式呈现多样、物流环境持续改善。但是,也应该看到,江西的现代物流业仍处于起步阶段,存在物流发展缺乏整体协调、物流基础设施仍然滞后、对物流的认识尚不到位、缺乏现代物流龙头企业、现代物流专业人才短缺等问题。加快江西现代物流业的发展,应以科学规划引导物流业合理布局、以观念创新构建物流业发展模式、以政策措施加大物流业支持力度、以科技为支撑建设物流运行平台、以长远眼光重视物流人才的培养。     

Framework for the classification of service standardisation

Literature on services refers to standardised services without describing what a standardised service is. This becomes problematic when attempting to apply a practice suited to standardised services to services that may not be standardised. A framework is developed to assess if a service is standardised or not. The methodology used is to use literature and apply examples to each dimension of the framework to give guidelines in assessing the level of standardisation of the individual dimensions and thus the overall service. The outcome is a qualitative framework with guidelines related to each dimension in improving the assessment of a service’s level of standardisation. This framework is applied to a case study to illustrate the application of the dimensions. The dimensions used as the basis of the framework are shown to be relevant as dimensions that describe the level of service standardisation.     

关于股权流通对价会计处理问题的探讨

股权流通对价在现有的会计制度下很难找到合理的处理方法。目前对股权分置,改革非流通股股东支付的股权流通对价的会计处理,应坚持股权流通对价、不让上市公司的所有者权益受损并与股权流通对价会计核算相一致的原则,在“长期股权投资”科目下增设“股权流通对价”明细科目,用来专门核算股权分置改革支付的股权流通对价的增减变化。     

毛泽东的舆论宣传与新闻思想

毛泽东认为,舆论宣传和新闻工作是为革命党人的革命事业服务的,它通过宣传革命、打击敌人、教育人民以唤起和鼓动人民参加与支持革命。为实现这一目标,从事革命的舆论宣传和新闻工作者应该利用各种舆论手段宣传党的路线、方针和政策,并适应革命形势的发展变化而确定一定时期和阶段的宣传工作重点．以良好的写作技能写出文风活泼、使人爱看的文章。     

国际公共组织资金筹集问题初探

政府间国际公共组织的筹资方式,主要有缴纳会费、自愿捐款和认缴股金赢利等.非政府国际公共组织的筹资方式,除自愿捐款和会费外,还有基金会支持、政府补助等方式.当代国际公共组织的筹资困难和问题,包括组织成员"搭便车"、规章制度不完善、政治性干扰,会员拖欠会费,组织经营不善等五个方面.解决上述难题,一是进行制度改革,废除过时条款;二是根据发展情况,设立新的规制;三是精简机构,提高效率,整治浪费;四是应该允许和重视赢利;五是实行借贷.     

产业集聚、技术创新途径与高新技术企业出口的实证研究

在提出产业聚集、技术创新途径对企业出口影响理论假说的基础上,文章利用江苏高新技术企业数据,试图揭示产业集聚、技术创新途径对高新技术企业出口的影响。结果显示,产业集聚对企业出口具有显著的正向作用;相对于技术引进、消化吸收与二次创新,自主创新对企业出口的促进作用最为明显。进一步研究发现,企业居于产业集群内并不意味着就一定能够获取集聚效应从而引致出口能力的提升,集群内企业获取集聚效应的前提是能够融入产业集群式生产分工网络,或是融入产业集群产业链与产品链。据此,文章提出了培育企业自主创新能力、发挥产业集群效应以促进企业竞争力提升的政策建议。     

Motivation and ability in the decision to acquire

This study considers the decision to undertake an acquisition using a framework built around the concepts of motivation and ability to acquire. The paper develops an integrative model to examine how firm characteristics contribute to motivation and ability in predicting the likelihood of an acquisition and draws on two streams of literature to motivate the model: behavioral theory of the firm to explain a firm's motivation to acquire, and absorptive capacity to explain a firm's ability to acquire. Results from a publicly traded sample show that firms failing to meet aspirations (i.e., those with motivation) are more likely to acquire, as are firms that have a high absorptive capacity (i.e., those with ability). Most interestingly, absorptive capacity moderates the influence of performance shortfalls in the decision to acquire and is most important when the motivation to acquire is low.     

农民工子女义务教育制度改革探析

近年来,中央政府要求流入地政府承担农民工子女义务教育责任的强制性制度安排,使农民工子女义务教育问题得到一定程度的解决。但流入地政府为减少负担往往采取卸责行为,导致农民工子女义务教育仍然存在一些比较严重的问题。因此。需要积极推动相关制度的改革。     

副食批发企业获取战略影响力的途径

本文认为,我国副食批发企业上下游产业的作用以及产业内部的剧烈竞争,要求副食品批发企业必须采取措施获取战略影响力;批发企业应根据拓展区域和拓展业态所要求的关键战略变量的存在状况,整体变量中某一变量所占权重及其与目标客户的匹配程度间的关系,决定战略影响力指标和战略行动方向;优化人力资源结构,实施专业管理;抢占先机,率先获取某一品牌的独家代理权;获取业务关联,优化业务组合。