Do firms with different levels of environmental regulatory pressure behave differently regarding complementarity among innovation practices?

This study explores the complementary effects among environmental innovation, organizational innovation, and training for innovation and their effect on firm productivity, within a supermodularity framework. Furthermore, it attempts to understand whether different innovation practices are complements or substitutes for firm profitability according to the industrial environmental regulation context by distinguishing between clean and dirty industries. Using a Spanish technological innovation panel survey over the period 2008–2015, our findings indicate that the interrelationship between different innovation practices is complementary rather than substitutive, and the pattern of complementarity among innovation practices differs according to the environmental regulation under which an industry operates. Engaging in a broad range of innovation practices such as environmental and organizational innovations, clean industry can strengthen productivity. For dirty industries, our results indicate a greater affinity between training activities and environmental innovation than between environmental innovation and organizational innovation on firm productivity achievement. Taken all together, these results provide managers with considerable insights in terms of how to adapt the various combinatorial practices to the industrial environment in which they are embedded, taking market and regulatory pressure into account.     

Innovation and productivity: insights from Malaysia's logistics industry

Efficient logistics is critical to a country's trade competitiveness. This paper uses the Data Envelopment Analysis Malmquist Index that includes an innovation component comprising three dimensions (input, process, and output), to assess the impact of innovation by third-party logistics (3PL). We treat the panel data of asset-based 3PL in Malaysia from 2007 to 2012. Three findings hold. First, innovation is not always accompanied by productivity gains. Second, innovation is still lacking in the logistics industry in Malaysia. Third, 3PL need to invest more in technology and stay financially healthy to accelerate the diffusion of innovation under a more competitive cost structure. This paper has two contributions. First, we offer an enhanced methodology for total factor productivity by including an innovation component and apply it for the first time to the logistics industry. Second, we augment the performance measurement literature specific to the logistics industry and our research suggests that the antecedents of productivity in logistics companies are investment and financial strength. These productivity–innovation findings provide insights into Malaysia's logistics industry and may be helpful for economies similar to Malaysia.     

发展服务业应把握好两个优势——传统服务业比较优势和现代服务业后发优势分析

由于生产力发展不平衡,我国劳动密集型传统服务业具有比较优势,技术和资金密集型现代服务业具有后发优势“。十一五”期间,既要加快发展现代服务业,又要继续发展传统服务业,并以先进技术改造和提升传统服务业。关键是要把握传统服务业的比较优势和现代服务业的后发优势,通过自主创新与技术引进的有机结合,发挥标准化的引领、规范作用,以及信息化的带动作用、财税政策的导向扶持作用、人力资源优化的促进作用、市场机制的变现作用,将服务业的竞争优势转化为市场竞争力。     

Measurement of innovation efficiency in logistic enterprises: Evidence from China based on the three-stage DEA-Malmquist index model approach

Continuous improvement of technological innovation ability, adjustment of the development strategy, and enhancement of operational performance are of great theoretical and practical significance for logistics enterprises. This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the innovation efficiency of the logistics industry. The study utilizes the static three-stage DEA model and the dynamic Malmquist index model, considering a total of 12 indicators related to innovation input, output, and environmental variables. A dataset of 2940 entries from 49 listed logistics enterprises from 2017 to 2021 was calculated. The analysis provides insights into the innovation efficiency of logistics enterprises from a static perspective and the innovation total factor productivity from a dynamic perspective and decomposition terms. Based on the analysis of environmental variables by the SFA model, it was found that DEA inefficiency is the combined result of environmental factors and management inefficiency. Environmental variables have both positive and negative effects on innovation. The improvement of the economic development level will lead to excess R&D investment. Increased government simple fund subsidies are not conducive to the efficient allocation of innovation resources within enterprises. The expansion of enterprise scale will increase R&D personnel and investment in fixed assets. A thriving technology market can encourage enterprises to improve their own conversion rate of scientific and technological output and give full play to their innovation ability. The dynamic Malmquist model analysis reveals a recution in the overall innovation efficiency of listed logistics enterprises over 5 years. The changes in total factor productivity and technological progress efficiency of all listed logistics enterprises are synchronized, with most enterprises exhibiting higher technological progress efficiency compared to comprehensive technical efficiency. The total factor productivity of logistics enterprise innovation is mainly affected by comprehensive technical efficiency.     

The contribution of research and innovation to productivity

This paper examines the impact of investment in research and innovation on Australian market sector productivity. While previous studies have largely focused on a narrow class of private sector intangible assets as a source of productivity gains, this paper shows that there is a broad range of other business sector intangible assets that can significantly affect productivity. Moreover, the paper pays special attention to the role played by public funding for research and innovation. The empirical results suggest that there are significant spillovers to productivity from public sector R&D spending on research agencies and higher education. No evidence is found for productivity spillovers from indirect public funding for the business enterprise sector, civil sector or defence R&D. These findings have implications for government innovation policy as they provide insights into possible productivity gains from government funding reallocations.     

我国石油产业市场集中度与技术创新研究

用产业集中度指数(CRn),分别从产业总体层面和企业层面对我国石油行业市场集中度进行了分析,得出我国油气行业的市场结构属于寡占型市场结构。在此基础上,根据石油行业的技术创新现状,深层次分析我国石油行业技术创新的制约因素,旨在提高我国石油产业技术创新能力,进而提高国际竞争力。     

Patterns of technology,industry concentration,and productivity growth without scale effects

This paper investigates the relationship between geographic patterns of industry and economic growth in a two-country model of trade with no scale effect, where productivity growth is generated by firm investment in process innovation. We find that dispersed equilibria with industry located in both countries produce higher growth rates than concentrated equilibria with all industry located in one country. The highest growth rate arises for equal industry shares and no productivity gap, implying that industry concentration has a negative effect on overall growth. Convergence towards a dispersed equilibrium is contingent on transport costs and knowledge dispersion.     

Transport costs, intermediate goods, and localized growth

This paper presents a dynamic, two-regional, general equilibrium model in which interregional production and trade patterns are endogenously determined. Localized growth stems from the geographical concentration of an industrial sector exhibiting permanent productivity increases. Geographical concentration is a result of the interaction between local market size and local competition in the differentiated input industry. Regional factor endowment with an immobile factor is decisive for the long-run specialization, trade and growth patterns between the regions if large endowment differences prevail. With equal-sized regions, multiple equilibria exist. Furthermore, we argue that integration might lead to increasing regional concentration of production and innovation.     

金融发展对环境规制提升工业绿色全要素生产率的创新补偿效应

以金融发展为切入点,探讨环境规制对工业绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究结果显示,不同融资模式的金融发展对环境规制提升工业绿色全要素生产率均存在创新补偿效应,且股票市场的创新补偿效应最大,银行部门次之,民间金融最小。分区域的估计结果显示,东部地区银行部门不存在创新补偿效应,其余地区的估计结果与整体一致。进一步的门槛检验结果显示,银行部门和民间金融均存在单一门槛,且呈现正向边际效率递增的非线性规律。     

我国物流产业市场结构现状分析

我国物流市场正在进入快速成长时期,并且正处于产业迅速发展的阶段。面对物流市场激烈的竞争、物流需求层次不断的变化、物流管理技术的持续创新及区域物流一体化等方面展现出一系列新的特征,有必要认清我国物流市场结构现状。作者从我国物流业的市场规模、服务差异度、市场壁垒等三个方面对我国物流市场结构进行剖析。     

Management practices and strategies to accelerate the innovation cycle in the biotechnology industry

This paper examines management practices and strategies that are critical to successful commercialisation in the biomedical sector and how these practices and strategies impact upon performance innovation. The paper also details emerging issues and challenges for the biotechnology industry including human resource issues, access to venture capital, the development of basic business capabilities, and efficient and stable supply chain linkages.The research findings are based on data obtained from an action research methodology where 14 representatives of the biomedical sector were active participants. The qualitative data was analysed using a multiple cross-case analysis technique that explores the underpinning determinants of performance innovation in the industry. The research study identifies high-performance work practices and critical success factors to accelerate the ‘Innovation Cycle’ from idea to market. The paper concludes that managers in the biomedical industry need to acquire new business acumen skills to maintain a competitive advantage in a fiercely competitive global market. Organisations are recognising that knowledge workers with the requisite skills and expertise are critical to improving innovation performance.     

基于互补资产的企业集群技术创新机制研究

互补资产是企业集群技术创新体系的重要组成部分。通过促进集群中企业共享互补资产,可以提高企业技术创新绩效,因为它们中的一部分由集群中的生产力促进中心、企业孵化器、行业协会等中介服务机构提供,而生产力促进中心能够引进外部创新源,提供共性技术和创新信息;企业孵化器提供经营场地、财务与融资的渠道、创业技能训练服务,提供创业家的相关网络、与大学及科研机构密切的关系;行业协会则可以保护知识产权维护创新环境,制定行业标准和开发人力资源等。     

新零售模式下快消品行业创新模式探究

快消行业市场同质化严重,传统销售模式难以满足企业市场发展需求,新零售模式的出现为其提供了新发展路径。基于此,论文从快消品行业特征及发展必然性出发,提出新零售模式下快消品行业创新模式建议,旨在为快消行业在新零售下的发展提供参考。     

要素流动、城市定位与区域经济发展——以上海及其周边为例

文章从综合劳动生产率、金融服务业和工业的劳动生产率以及工资率的角度探讨浙江、江苏和上海各自的产业定位,最后的结论是这种产业定位必须打破各地区之间的行政壁垒,开放区域内的生产要素,才能形成区域经济的协同发展,这对珠三角、渤海经济圈以及中部地带等等区域经济中心的发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

中国技术密集型制造业出口竞争力实证研究

2011年中国技术密集型制造业的国际市场份额位居世界第一,但其细分行业的国际市场份额及排名差异较大,产业发展基础和行业地位是引起这种差异的主要原因。根据劳动生产率构造相对优势指标和绝对优势指标,分析发现中国技术密集型制造业的相对优势指标大于2而绝对优势指标小于1。根据我国1995-20111995 2011年数据通过面板协整回归结果表明,技术密集型制造业绝对优势指标对其国际市场份额有显著的正向影响。本文认为,金融危机以后,中国技术密集型制造业出口竞争力将进一步增强。     

关于聚酯产品市场营销差别化战略实施的思考

近年来,国外大公司和合资企业迅速进入国内聚酯市场,民营企业也快速发展进入聚酯行业,聚酯产品市场已形成激烈竞争格局。文章确定了辽化聚酯产品市场营销差别化战略,在市场营销理念创新、体制创新、营销策略和服务创新、人才创新以及激励机制创新等方面提出了市场营销战略实施的保证措施。     

产业集聚、市场集中对区域创新能力的作用——基于京津冀、长三角两大经济圈制造业的比较

产业集聚和市场集中是影响区域创新能力的重要因素。本文考察了京津冀、长三角两大经济圈制造业产业集聚与市场集中对区域技术创新能力的作用。实证分析结果表明：两大经济圈制造业集聚与市场集中均在一定程度上促进了区域创新能力的提升,但由于两大区域体制机制条件、创新环境、产业组织形态等不同,制造业产业集聚影响区域技术创新的程度、特征与路径也存在一定差别。两大经济圈应采取差异化集群发展方式,加快推进制造业集群升级,特别是应抢抓第四次工业革命发展机遇,提升制造业智能化水平,提升区域创新能力水平。     

Environmental performance and competitive advantage in Canada's paper industry

A new environmental performance model is developed, explained and subsequently applied to a study of the Canadian recycled paper industry. The strategic position of the industry is explored as it takes the progressive steps needed to improve its environmental performance and competitive advantage in response to this rising regulatory agenda. Three policy options facing the Canadian pulp and paper industry are examined: the status quo, process technology innovation and product development. The strategic position of the industry is also examined using measurement of stance, attitude, government response, values, planning horizon and environmental integration. The supplier-consumer relationship, capital-technology and locational factors are also used to further discuss the links between competitive advantage and environmental performance. From this discussion, conclusions are drawn on competitive environmentalism: ethics and profit are compatible; newsprint mills must improve their locational, technology and market actions; the industry must proactively seek out environmental market and stakeholder opportunities and; further management research is needed to demonstrate the links between environmental performance, innovation and competitiveness.     

商业银行业务创新探析

市场经济环境下的金融业竞争日益激烈,尤其在经历了金融海啸之后,商业银行要取得长足的发展,要获得强大的竞争力,必须开展业务创新。文章对国内商业银行业务创新存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了一些业务创新思路。     

Sources of airline productivity from carbon emissions: an analysis of operational performance under good and bad outputs

This study incorporates carbon dioxide emissions in productivity measurement in the airline industry and examines the determinants of productivity change. For this purpose a two-stage analysis under joint production of good and bad outputs is employed to compare the operational performance of airlines. In the first stage, productivity index are derived using the Luenberger productivity indicator. In the second stage, productivity change scores derived therefrom are regressed using the random-effects Generalized Least Squares to quantify determinants of productivity change. The paper finds low cost carriers and average number of hours flown per aircraft having a positive impact on productivity under joint production model while demand variable negatively impacts on productivity under market model.