The impact of foreign direct investment and human capital on economic growth: Evidence from Chinese cities

Using a panel of Chinese cities over the period 1991–2010, we examine the determinants of economic growth, focusing on the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) and human capital. Consistent with the predictions of a human capital-augmented Solow model, we find that the growth rate (along the path to the steady-state income level) of per capita GDP is negatively correlated with population growth rate and positively correlated with investment rate in physical capital and human capital. We find that FDI has a positive effect on the per capita GDP growth rate and this effect is intensified by the human capital endowment of the city. The latter suggests that one way that human capital contributes to growth is to serve as a facilitator for technology transfers stemming from FDI. Furthermore, we find some suggestive evidence that the FDI-human capital complementary effect is stronger for technology-intensive FDI than for labor-intensive FDI. Our results are robust to alternative measures of human capital, model specifications, and estimation methods.     

The impact of foreign direct investment on wages and employment

This paper studies the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI)on wages and employment When labor-management bargaining isindustry-wide, two effects of FDI are identified; the collusioneffect and the threat-point effect. It is shown that: (i) FDIalways reduces the negotiated wage; (ii) FDI reduces union employmentand the competitive wage if die union cares more about employmentthan wages or is equally concerned about employment and wages.However, if labor-mingement bargaining is firm-specific andunionization is industry-wide, then the above effects of FDIare substantially reduced.     

Japanese foreign direct investment and regional trade

We examine the relationship between Japanese FDI outflows, domestic and foreign fixed investment, and the exchange rate. The results indicate that aggregate FDI outflows have been driven by investment in Japan and the exchange rate, while the geographic distribution of such investment has been influenced by foreign economic conditions. We also find that FDI outflows have a temporary impact on exports but a permanent effect on imports. We find no evidence that behavior with respect to East Asia differs from that with respect to North America or Europe.     

厦门利用外商直接投资对经济增长的负效应

厦门作为经济特区，利用其区位优势，在积极实施“两种资源、两个市场”的经贸战略推动下，利用外商直接投资取得了很大的成效。截至2003年，累计批准外商投资项目6088个，合同外资207．9亿美元，实际利用外资133．9亿美元。但FDI促进经济的增长的同时，也不可避免地带来了负面影响。因此笔者期望利用1985年至2003年的数据建立回归模型来度量利用外商直接投资（是指除祖国大陆以外中国香港、澳门、台湾及其它国家和地区的投资）对厦门经济增长的贡献度。     

The impact of foreign direct investment on export structure and employment generation

The literature on foreign direct investment often treats its determinants and consequences independently. This is particularly so for empirical studies. The purpose of this paper is to consider both aspects simultaneously and to provide some empirical evidence on the nature of foreign investment and its impact on export structure and employment generation. The method consists of a model which includes both industry-specific and location-specific determinants of foreign direct investment in the export sector and their effects on the employment generating capacity of individual manufacturing industries. It is estimated for three-digit S.I.C. industries in Puerto Rico in 1979. The results suggest that Puerto Rico's export sector consists of US based firms producing on a large scale. These firms are primarily attracted to the island by relatively higher profits than on the mainland. Low wage labor is not considered an important inducement to foreign investment in Puerto Rico. The labor intensity of the island's export sector lags behind that of comparable countries due to the capital-intensive nature of its principal exports. The island's manufacturing employment can be more effectively increased by altering the composition of exports than by inducing present firms to hire more workers.     

The effects of foreign aid,foreign direct investment and domestic investment on economic growth in African countries: Nonlinearities and complementarities

This paper examines the relationship between foreign aid (AID), foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic investment (DI) and its effects on economic growth in 41 African countries. Annual panel data from 1990 to 2016 are examined using fixed‐effects (FE) and system‐GMM estimators. We test the existence of nonlinearities and complementarities in the relationship between AID–FDI, AID–DI, FDI–DI, and AID–FDI–DI. Empirical results confirm the existence of a nonlinear relationship between AID, FDI, DI, and economic growth. Besides, the results show that AID and FDI have a significant positive complementing effect on economic growth. It is shown also that FDI complements DI, while the coupled effect of AID and DI remains weak in catalyzing growth. Moreover, the results indicate that the complementarity between AID–FDI–DI positively influence economic growth, revealing that AID and FDI work as a complement factor to DI and enhance its effectiveness in promoting economic growth. These insights have important policy implications. Policy‐makers in African countries are well advised to implement concrete policy measures suitable for building on the growth momentum created by foreign capital inflows, like FDI, AID as well as remittance.     

Agglomeration and location of foreign direct investment: The case of China

This paper investigates the effect of agglomeration on foreign direct investment (FDI) location in China. We use different measures of agglomeration, and test both within and across region agglomeration effect. The results suggest that urbanization, foreign-specific agglomeration and industry diversity have positive impact on FDI location. Urbanization, foreign-specific agglomeration and industry specialization, also significantly promote industrial FDI. The results also suggest there exist both within and across region agglomeration effects. Other factors including market size, wage, education, road density, government policy and trade cost also have significant impacts on FDI location.     

外国直接投资与中国经济增长的实证分析

本文简要介绍了外国直接投资与东道国经济增长的相关理论,并对外国直接投资(FDI)与中国经济增长之间数据关系进行了分析,进而利用协整检验技术,验证外国直接投资与中国经济增长之间是否具有长期的稳定关系。最后给出研究结论和启示。     

The color of money: The effects of foreign direct investment on economic growth in transition economies

During the initial phase of transformation to a market economy many of the Eastern European and Baltic countries experienced an initial decline of output. This paper explains, both theoretically and empirically, why they experienced negative growth initially, and how some of them started to get over and recorded positive growth recently. As a vehicle to transfer technology and managerial skills to the transition economies, as well as to increase capital work, foreign direct investment (FDI) is regarded important. Production function with a low elasticity of substitution between two inputs is employed to capture the dynamic short-run movement of these economies. Cross-sectional and panel data, are utilized to analyze the short-run dynamic movement of equilibrium paths of transformation to a market economy. The findings confirm that total factor productivity and GDP in the region grew together with the inflow of FDI, and the marginal contribution of FDI to growth is greater than that of domestic investment. JEL no. O50, P39, F21 This project is financially supproted by the ARC Small Grant, Department Research Grant, Department of Economics, UWA and Division Research Grant, Commerce, Division, Lincoln University.     

The experience effect and foreign direct investment

Zusammenfassung Erfahrungseffekt und ausl?ndische Direktinvestitionen. - In diesem Aufsatz wird der Einflu? der Erfahrung auf die ausl?ndischen Direktinvestitionen U.S.-amerikanischer Firmen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, da? allgemeine Erfahrungen aus internationalen Gesch?ften und l?nderspezifische Erfahrungen, die mit Hilfe von zwei verschiedenen Indikatoren operationalisiert werden, einen positiven Einflu? auf die ausl?ndischen Direktinvestitionen haben und da? dieser Einflu? bei Firmen mit ausgedehnten internationalen Aktivit?ten besonders bedeutsam ist. Um die Wirkung anderer Faktoren auf die ausl?ndischen Direktinvestitionen von dem Einflu? der Erfahrung unterscheiden zu k?nnen, werden einige l?nder- und firmenspezifische Faktoren in das Modell einbezogen.

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Résumé L’effet de l’expérience et l’investissement étranger direct. — Cette étude examine la répercussion de l’effet de l’expérience sur l’investissement étranger direct des entreprises américaines. Les résultats démontrent que l’expérience générale des opérations internationales et l’expérience dans un pays spécifique, représentée par deux indicateurs différents, ont une répercussion positive sur l’investissement étranger direct et que cette répercussion est plus significative pour les entreprises avec des opérations internationales extensives. Dans le modèle on a aussi inclu quelques facteurs caractérisant le pays dans lequel on fait l’investissement et des facteurs qui caractérisent les entreprises afin d’isoler mieux l’expérience comme facteur de l’investissement étranger direct.

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Resumen El efecto de la experiencia y la inversión extranjera directa. — En este trabajo se investiga el impacto del efecto experiencia sobre la inversión extranjera directa de empresas de los EE UU. Los resultados muestran que tanto la experiencia general en operaciones internationales como la experiencia especifica en paises determinados, operacionalizadas cada una de manera diferente, tienen un impacto positivo sobre la inversión extranjera directa, y que este impacto es más significante para empresas con amplias operaciones internacionales. Con el fin de distinguir el impacto de la experiencia sobre la inversión extranjera directa del de otros factores, también se incluyen en el modelo algunos factores relacionados con el país y factores relacionados con la empresa.

     

A macroeconomic model of direct investment in foreign affiliates of Japanese firms

This paper analyses the operations of the Japanese multinational corporations in the world economy by constructing and estimating a Japanese foreign direct investment system. This system models the determinants of manufacturing foreign direct investment (FDI), the trade between Japan and her overseas affiliates as well as the sales of the manufacturing subsidiaries and those of the trading subsidiaries. The error-correction modelling techniques are adopted for estimation in order to capture both the short- and long-run adjustment processes. Finally, simulations are conducted on the model to analyse the effects of changes in the world economy.     

进口、外商直接投资与经济增长:基于中国数据的经验分析

改革开放20多年来,我国的进口与外商直接投资逐年增加,为我国经济的快速发展发挥了重要的作用,通过分析进口促进经济增长的内在机制之后,本文采用一个扩展的新古典生产函数,利用我国1982～2003年的年度时间序列数据,从实证角度对外商直接投资、尤其是进口对我国经济增长的促进作用进行了考察。研究结果表明,作为我国经济开放的两个重要内容——进口与外商直接投资,对我国的经济增长都有重要的推动作用。     

Does China have an impact on foreign direct investment to Latin America?

We analyze empirically whether the emergence of China as a large recipient of FDI has affected the amount of FDI received by Latin American countries. Allowing for the structural break related to China's WTO accession, we found a significant negative impact of Chinese inward FDI on that of Mexico until 2001 and on that of Colombia after that date. The rest of Latin American countries do not seem to be affected by Chinese inward FDI. For the region as a whole, there is no significant Chinese effect on Latin America’s FDI.     

对我国对外直接投资区位选择的思考

本文认为我国对外直接投资的区位选择不能过于集中,目前的对策是重点投资东南亚地区,开展对发达国家周边发展中国家和资源丰富国家的投资,鼓励中小企业投资发展中国家,有针对地投资发达国家。     

外商对华投资新动向及汕头引进外商直接投资政策建议

<正> 中国加入WTO意味着第二轮更加彻底的全面大开放,跨国公司在中国投资战略由此进行了调整,提升了中国在全球布局中的战略地位,其对华直接投资出现新动向。作为中国最早对外开放的经济特区之一的汕头市应如何改善投资环境及调整引资策略,吸引更多的外商直接投资,更有效地利用外资以促进汕头经济的发展是一个值得深入探讨的问题。 一、外商在华投资新动向 1.投资规模继续扩大,新一轮投资热潮方兴未艾 2002年是我国加入WTO后的第一年,受加入世贸效应的带动,当年我国实     

越南外国直接投资：特点与问题

本文分析了越南近13年来引进外国直接投资的特点，指出了引资工作中存在的主要问题，并对今后越来引进外资的对策提出了看法。