From thrifts to universal banks: the sources of organisational change in French savings banks, 1945–2000

This article aims to analyse the processes by which French savings banks have transformed themselves in the past 70 years. Although much is known about how banking has changed in industrialised countries since the late 1970s, in particular through higher competition, regulatory changes and restructuring, we know relatively little about how non-profit banks have been affected. In addition, although the key factors of change highlighted in the literature all reveal an implicit emphasis on exogenous sources of change (i.e. banks respond to changes in their external environment by adjusting their strategy), not much research has been dedicated to investigate the potential endogenous factors of change and, by extension, more complex interactions between banks and their environment have been ignored. This article aims to respond to these two challenges, by drawing on the framework proposed by Haveman and Rao suggesting that organisational change occurs as the outcome of co-evolution between organisations and institutions. Given the key role played by the state in banking, the article proposes an amendment to this framework by taking into account the multiple interdependencies between state and banking actors, and how these interdependencies evolve over time.     

当代中国法学的流派化志趣（下）

法学流派的涌现是中国法律学人的夙愿。虽经中国法学者的多方呼吁,但法学流派的“建构”依然步履蹒跚。从对中国法学流派划分诸种观点的评析中,可以说明流派化意识是形成法学流派的重要因素。法学流派像其他任何流派的形成一样是一个自然的过程。法学研究的对象及范围、哲学基础、方法论运用、理论体系的创新等是流派形成的主要因素。当下,法学中国化是中国法学发展的方向。这就意味着中国法学应解决中国问题,法学流派的建构也不能离开这一主题。中国还没有形成具有特色的法学流派。但我们相信,在不久的将来肯定会出现具有自主“知识产权”的、能反映中国人对世界法学做出独特奉献的法学流派。这也是对法学向何处去的一种回应。     

Change dynamics in institutional discontinuities: Do formal or informal institutions change first? Lessons from rule changes in professional American baseball

Abstract

Extant research presents a conflicting picture of change dynamics during institutional discontinuities. Some studies propose or depict formal rules as changing first. Others argue that norms need to change before formal rules can be revisited, let alone change. An examination of the literature suggests a contingency theory. In mature organisational fields with institutionalised informal rules, norms need to be questioned and changed before any change in formal rules can take place. On the other hand, in emergent organisational fields – where no particular rules of the game have been institutionalised ? change in higher-level institutions begins with a change in formal rules. The article also presents two historical cases of major institutional change in professional American baseball that illustrate the theory proposed.     

加强反避税的法理思考

从税法、法理学、民法、刑法、行政法等多角度对避税的法律特征进行了全方位的探讨,并从法理角度提出及时修订税法、充分利用税法解释权、授予税务机关实质推理权,审批权、举证责任倒置等具有可操作性的反避税措施。     

Determinants of Consumers’ Purchase Intentions of Organic Vegetables: Some Insights from Malaysia

This study tests the mediating effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR), product image, and corporate reputation on the relationships between green marketing awareness and consumers’ purchase intentions of organic vegetables. Data from 200 valid questionnaires was analyzed utilizing a partial least squares approach. Results show that product image was confirmed as the leading factor that partially mediated the influence of consumer green marketing awareness on consumers’ purchase intentions of organic vegetables, and this was followed by CSR, but that corporate reputation was not established as a mediator. Marketing managers should, therefore, develop various effective strategies to communicate their companies’ product image, embracing green marketing practices in order to increase market awareness, and providing positive recommendations to friends and relatives via various marketing communication channel including the short message service (SMS), emails, and social networking sites (SNS).