New perspectives on East Asian leadership in the age of globalization: local grounding and historical comparisons in the Asia Pacific region

ABSTRACT

Many management and leadership studies have traditionally been dominated by Western theories, perspectives and cases. Non-Western leadership requires additional caveats in arriving at generalizations. The theoretical trap of conceiving Asian corporations either as irrelevant concerning leadership effectiveness or as maintaining only culturally determined leadership derives from the lack of historical understanding of Asian cases. Our collection used both historical and contemporary cases of Japan, South Korea and China to show that these Asian economies have tried to some extent balance their traditional norms and values of leadership with those from the West. A key to understanding Asia is that all three countries have historically pursued leadership mandates in running both public and private corporations, although ‘corrupt’ leadership practices were also rampant during different historical periods. Further studies of leadership in non-Western cases are necessary to devise methodological and theoretical alternatives to Western-centric perspectives. In our collection, we analysed how a dynamic and evolutionary view of leadership fared in its attempt to clarify some of the conundrums surrounding East Asian leadership. From our results, it is indicated that historical and comparative methods must accompany any analysis of leadership.     

中日韩新能源合作探析

新能源已经成为目前各国竞相发展的产业,新能源技术开发甚至被喻为"第四次科技革命"。在从熊彼特创新理论角度探讨新能源开发重要性的基础上,分析了中日韩三国在新能源领域合作的基础和意义,最后提出了相应的政策建议。     

From business to politics: cross-border CEOs and political leadership in Japan and South Korea

ABSTRACT

Whether or not successful CEOs can make themselves competent political leaders has been a concern within the field of management studies. The fact that capitalist democracy depends largely on a close orchestration between the capitalist class and political leaders has also instigated many studies on the exact nature of such bi-partite relationships between the two groups. The number of the cross-border CEOs who expand their horizons into politics has been on the rise in East Asia, as both historical and contemporary examples indicate. A new trend of the cross-border CEOs invites us to examine historical patterns to confirm how widespread the phenomenon has been since the expansion of capitalist democracies. This study offers a limited historical comparison between Japanese and South Korean cross-border CEOs using an illustrative historical case of Aoki Ichigorô, who mass mobilized the farmers movement against the US military base in Japan and a contemporary case of Ahn Cheol-soo, who unsuccessfully ran for the presidency in 2017. We find that CEOs can be successful as political leaders if they can promote networking leadership styles for both business and politics.     

中日韩农民收入问题与政府政策

20世纪90年代下半期以来,农民收入问题成了中国政府关注的首要问题。2004年中央一号文件的主题就是关于农民收入的问题,政府并就解决这一问题提出了一系列的政策措施,其中对种粮农民进行直接补贴在历史上是第一次采用。日本和韩国在20世纪60年代也曾遇到过类似的问题,并采取了多方位的对策措施,结果使农民收入水平大幅提高,农民收入问题相应得到了较好的解决。通过对中日韩三国进行比较分析,本文提出了一些结论性的建议。     

服务贸易视角下中日韩贸易竞争与互补分析

作为东亚地区经济发展的核心,中日韩三国服务贸易的发展一直备受关注。日本服务贸易的竞争力水平是中日韩三国中最强的,其次是中国,最后是韩国。中国具有竞争力的行业主要是建筑、电信、计算机和信息以及其他商业服务,韩国具有竞争力的行业主要是旅游和建筑服务,日本具有竞争力的行业主要是运输、建筑、专业权利和特许服务以及政府服务。进一步对中日韩服务贸易的影响因素进行分析发现:人均国内生产总值、外商直接投资、货物贸易出口额和服务贸易开放水平与中日韩服务贸易竞争力水平都呈显著正相关关系,其中,服务贸易开放度水平对中日韩服务贸易竞争力水平的影响最大,外商直接投资对中日韩服务贸易竞争力水平的影响最小。     

中朝韩经贸关系纵深发展的战略进路

随着东北亚地区经济联系的日益紧密,域内国家间的相互依存度明显提高.东北亚经济合作划时代的契机是域内国家签订自由贸易协定,从而平行地促进产业分工.中朝韩三国经贸合作规模的提升和发展速度的提高,可以推动一度因日本态度消极而搁浅的中日韩自由贸易区建设,并将成为东北亚经济合作发展的催化剂.中朝经贸发展的能动力在于中国建设性的参与朝鲜的经济革新发展,而中韩经贸发展的增长点则在于加速建立自由贸易区.     

浅析韩国构建东亚双边FTA第二交汇点战略

近年,韩国在东亚经济合作中的地位正悄然上升,极有可能成为东亚双边FTA第二交汇点。分析这种情况产生的背景及原因;具有积极意义。中国应当制订相应战略,使东亚经济合作在正确轨道上向前发展。     

中日韩三国服务贸易的比较研究

本文通过对中日韩三国服务业和服务贸易现状及其服务贸易竞争优势的分析,发现中日韩三国的服务贸易RCA指数和TC指数比较接近,表明三国在服务贸易领域内的竞争力不相上下,即使在服务贸易的个别行业存在差距,但并不是很大。在全球加速服务业和服务贸易发展的今天,中日韩三国在服务贸易领域谁会更具有竞争力,只有期待各国产业调整和对未来事运的把握上。从这个角度上讲,中日韩三国都面临着同样的机遇和挑战。     

中韩产业内贸易的实证分析——以工业制成品贸易为例

近年来,中韩贸易规模迅速增长,产业内贸易也得到迅速发展,本文首先考察了1992年以来中韩两国工业制成品产业内贸易的发展,然后通过实证研究检验了1986-2005年两国工业制成品产业内贸易的影响因素。结论显示,韩国对华直接投资是推动中韩产业内贸易的关键因素,中韩间的地缘优势及不断发展的区域经济合作也促进了两国产业内贸易的发展。最后,本文提出了相应的政策建议。     

Changing corporate culture over time in South Korea

Corporate culture change is an interesting topic, not least since cultures are often seen as deeply ingrained and slow moving. Here we look at the example of the large, diversified conglomerates in South Korea – the chaebol. This is partly because of their strong corporate cultures, importance in the country's economic development and growth and growing public and political backlash against what are seen as overly powerful institutions. We find that over the decade from one crisis, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, to the next, the 2008 global financial crisis, there has indeed been change between and within chaebol corporate cultures. However, this is not as straightforward as it seems and the situation in and after 2011 has become even more complex, mainly due to changes in the global environment.     

中日韩3国农产品在美国市场的竞争关系分析

运用产品相似度指数和显示性竞争优势指数,对中日韩3国农产品在美国市场的总体竞争关系、竞争强度和竞争力进行了测算。得出的结论是:中日韩3国农产品在美国市场存在较为明显的竞争关系,某些农产品的竞争强度有上升趋势,但竞争力相差还是较为明显。研究结论可为日后中国农产品贸易的发展提供借鉴。     

全球化背景下中、日、韩英语教育比较研究

全球化背景下,国民英语掌握程度及英语教育水平成为衡量一国国际化进程、与世界交往能力、全球化同步性等的重要标尺。英语教育事业的发展是当今全球化竞争中的一场重要战役,是非英语国家纷纷致力于改进的重要阵地。本文通过对东亚主要国家———中、日、韩当前英语教育制度与特征分小学、中学、高校三个阶段进行横向与纵向比较,力求在比较中探索对于中国英语教育可取的启示。     

日韩对我国直接投资企业的出口倾向及效应的比较分析

日本和韩国是我国利用外资的重要来源国,由于两国企业在华投资动机和投资行业有所不同,其出口倾向性有着一定的差异,并对我国的出口规模和出口市场结构产生了不同影响。实证分析表明,日本与韩国在华投资企业出口倾向都较高,日资企业出口以返销本国为主,韩资企业产品主要出口美国市场,外资企业的高出口倾向是我国出口规模快速扩大的重要原因,并由此产生了出口的转移效应。     

中韩工业制品比较优势及出口相似性分析

本文运用显性比较优势指数和产品出口相似度指数对中国与韩国工业制成品出口结构进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,中国与韩国在工业制成品上的出口相似度正在逐步提高,出口结构正逐渐趋于收敛,双方在第三方市场上的竞争逐渐加剧,中国与韩国对外贸易关系正从原来的互补关系逐渐转化为竞争关系,且竞争日渐激烈。文章对中韩两国贸易模式转变的原因进行了探讨,并提出了相应建议。     

中韩产业内贸易的实证分析与促进策略

文章运用Bergstrand双边产业内贸易指数和GHM分析方法,对2001年至2009年中韩双边产业内贸易指数和贸易结构情况进行计算和分析。结论认为,中韩双边初级产品以传统的产业间贸易为主,工业制品产业内贸易指数呈现波动上扬趋势;劳动密集型产品主要进行低质量的垂直型产业内贸易,资本和技术密集型产品则是低质量的水平型和垂直型产业内贸易并存,两国仍然处于低水平的贸易合作层次。为提升中韩产业内贸易水平,从企业和政府两个层面提出促进产业内贸易发展的举措。     

韩企非正常撤资与韩国对华直接投资分析

韩国是重要的对华直接投资国,韩国对华直接投资经历了初步进入、快速发展、缓慢下降和大规模增长等四个阶段,主要以中、小企业独资方式投向于环渤海地区和制造业;同时,存在着本土化程度不高、投资过度集中于制造业、平均规模偏小和投资取向不合理,撤资频繁等问题.为此,文章提出了我国应采取的相应对策.     

The Growing Dominance of China in South Asia: An Indian Perspective

India's economic relations with its neighbors are important for the stable and peaceful development of the South Asian region and for its own security. In a globalized world, economic relations play a major role in deciding political relations and collaboration at multilateral fora. In the context of China's increasing trade and investment relations with India's neighboring countries, the present study examines where and how China has been improving its presence vis-à-vis India in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. Further, the study also explores the factors of India's loss of market in its neighboring countries and suggests remedial measures.     

China,India, and Japan: A Changing Economic Landscape

ABSTRACT

Globalization causes major shifts in the business environment and in business practices. Forecasting such changes is crucial for the preparation of responses to them. This article reports on a Delphi study conducted with a global set of experts drawn from the policy, business and academic communities. Over three rounds of interchange, these experts analyzed and debated the likelihood of changes in the international business environment over the next decade and the impact of these changes on policy and on corporate practices. The findings identify major sectoral transformations, shifts in the trade framework and its institution, and strategies for corporate adjustment.