Financial Cooperative Potential Between China and Belt and Road Countries

ABSTRACT

Along with the increasingly frequent economic exchanges between China and the Belt and Road countries (BRCs), bilateral and multilateral financial integration within the region has become a current trend. This article quantifies the level of cooperative potential by designing an index based on the investment demand in China and the financing needs of the BRCs. Using this index, this article analyzes the distribution of the financial cooperative potential among the BRCs and uncovers its influencing factors. The statistical findings are that countries with higher financial cooperative potential have closer economic ties with China. These countries are mostly low-income or middle-income countries with a shortage of infrastructure investment, while their economic development is stable. The research results provide guidance for the overseas strategic layout of the Chinese financial institutions. More funds should be injected into China’s trade and investment counterparts that have stable economic growth and a strong demand for infrastructure investment, such as countries in Northeast, Central, and Southeast Asia.     

Volatility Spillovers of Stock Markets between China and the Countries along the Belt and Road

ABSTRACT

This article intensively studies the stock market volatility spillover effects between China and the countries along the Belt and Road (B&R) based on the covered selection of Morgan Stanley Capital International Inc (MSCI) index by using multiplicative error model to measure stock market volatility with daily price range. The results show that during the whole sample period, there are bilateral linkages of volatility between the stock markets of China and all of B&R countries. Most of B&R and China’s markets are sensitive to positive news but the asymmetry is trivial. Financial crisis intensified the volatility spillover effects across countries while the markets’ volatilities tend to be influenced by the negative shocks from foreign markets. The B&R markets as risk absorbers exhibit significant sensitivities to the negative news from Chinese market during the crisis period.     

"一带一路"倡议实施与企业金融化决策

依据2009-2018年沪深两市A股上市非金融企业数据,基于2014年"一带一路"倡议实施这一准自然实验,考量"一带一路"倡议实施对企业金融化水平的影响.结果显示:"一带一路"倡议的实施可以显著抑制企业的金融化水平;"一带一路"倡议实施对企业金融化水平的抑制效应仅在非国有企业、内部控制质量高、东部地区以及重点扶持行业的公司中存在;缓解融资约束是"一带一路"倡议实施抑制企业金融化水平的一个重要渠道.     

Foreign Direct Investment,Institutional Quality,and Financial Development along the Belt and Road: An Empirical Investigation

ABSTRACT

The source of financial development is less investigated in the literature, especially the role foreign direct investment (FDI) plays on financial development. Using data from 50 countries joining the Belt and Road Initiative, this article at first time tests the impact of FDI on financial development in a host country. Empirical results show that FDI can significantly improve the development of financial sector, especially the development of financial markets. FDI is found to be a stronger driver of financial development for countries with higher quality institutions. Moreover, FDI not only increases financial deepening, but also enhances financial function.     

中国-东盟区域货币合作与人民币区域化研究

本文通过对中国-东盟区域货币合作的收益、成本以及在中国-东盟区域货币合作中推进人民币区域化的可行性分析,提出了中国-东盟区域货币合作势在必行的观点,并阐述了在加强中国-东盟区域货币合作中推进人民币区域化的策略。     

去伪存真:油价趋势与股票市场——来自“一带一路”35国的经验证据

油价波动深刻影响全球经济,严重时会造成全球股市动荡,甚至引发系统性金融风险。然而油价中的信息噪音严重阻碍国际油价对股票市场的预测效果。本文提出的移动平均法可有效减弱信息噪音,研究表明,本文基于移动平均法构建的油价趋势因子对“一带一路”沿线国家股票市场具有良好的样本内和样本外可预测性。进一步研究发现,国际油价波动对产油国和非产油国股票市场的影响存在非对称性。本文为国际油价冲击股票市场提供了新的有力证据,同时本文研究成果提示了油价风险,对维持我国股票市场稳定,保持金融稳定具有一定意义。     

Quantifying Financing Needs in the Belt and Road Countries

ABSTRACT

This paper provides a thorough analysis to quantify the financing needs in the Belt and Road countries during 2009 and 2014. By examining financial constraints using financial data of firms in the Belt and Road countries, this study constructs a Financing Needs Index for Belt and Road countries and highlights the characteristics of financing needs across 36 countries and 6 years. By further incorporating information from World Bank Enterprise Surveys, this paper builds an Augmented Financing Needs Index for 56 Belt and Road countries. The findings of this paper provide important policy implications by showing that countries can improve their financial liberalization and institutional environment to address the financing needs of their indigenous firms and thus achieve economic growth.     

长三角金融合作与区域经济发展

金融合作与区域经济发展密切相关。长三角金融合作已取得初步成果,但是在资金跨区域流动、金融机构互设、金融市场融合以及金融与经济协调发展等方面仍存在若干问题。应重新审视长三角金融合作模式,建立市场主体合作的成本——收益安排机制,充分发挥中心城市的龙头作用,加强金融机构之间的合作,进一步推动货币资金的跨地区流动,建立区域性金融市场和长三角地区的金融信息共享机制,实现金融合作与区域经济的协调发展。     

"一带一路"区域价值网结构演进与国家角色地位变迁 ——基于43国的社会网络动态分析

以"一带一路"沿线43个国家作为研究对象,基于2012—2018年的双边贸易数据矩阵,运用修正后的引力模型和社会网络法,考量"一带一路"沿线国家双边价值引力常数偏度、区域价值网演化、国家角色定位变迁.结果显示:中国、印度、俄罗斯、印度尼西亚在"一带一路"沿线国家中具有较大贸易影响力,与中国区域价值引力较大的国家主要是位于"一带"和"一路"前端的东盟和俄罗斯;"一带一路"区域存在中国、俄罗斯、波兰和匈牙利四个紧密关联的贸易中心,其他国家往往与地理上最接近的中心进行贸易,形成四大空间区域;中国"核心"和"桥梁"功能显著,与其他国家的贸易引力和网络粘度较高,已在价值网中居于强主导地位.     

“一带一路”沿线国家资本投入及其回报率的时空演变

基于永续盘存法,运用双曲线效率递减的“年龄 效率”模式首次系统估算得到“一带一路”沿线50个国家1995年至2018年的资本投入,并进一步对沿线国家资本投入及其资本回报率的时空演变特征进行分析。研究表明：沿线国家资本投入水平整体呈波动中上升趋势,尤其在2007年后整体呈现资本投入积累加速的典型特征;区域间及区域内部各国之间资本投入差异较大,其中东亚地区积累水平最高、南亚地区次之、东欧地区和西亚地区水平相近、中亚地区积累水平最少;“一带一路”沿线国家整体资本产出比水平呈现下降特征,各地区投资效率得到不断改善;“一带一路”沿线国家资本回报率表现出较强“顺周期性”特征,且亚洲地区资本投入回报率整体高于欧洲地区,区域间资本回报率逐步收敛的趋势不容忽视。     

“丝路经济带”九省市经济金融竞争力评价

深入剖析丝绸之路沿线国内段九省市的综合发展实力,探索不同发展战略定位下省 区市竞合协同发展路径,对全面发展丝绸之路经济带具有重要意义。本文从经济发展竞争力、 环境设施与可持续发展竞争力、科技创新与财富竞争力、金融发展竞争力、对外开放竞争力五 个维度建立指标评价体系,运用分类主成分分析法全面衡量九个省市经济金融发展的分项和综 合竞争力,将九省市分为三个发展梯度,形成资源聚集与要素流动的直观剖析。在此基础上,利 用聚类分析法得出丝绸之路经济带区域经济关联的着力点与经济发展的增长极,并最终得出处 于不同梯度省区市间开展基于优势竞争力的产业间合作的三大有效路径。     

Restructuring Financial Regulation in the European Monetary Union

This article argues that present financial regulatory arrangements within the European Monetary Union are not adequate either to preserve stability or to foster financial integration. Reform of financial regulation should concentrate on establishing clear procedures for crisis lending and management, with the European Central Bank at the center; preparing the ground for more centralized supervisory arrangements in banking, insurance, and securities; and establishing and consolidating an active domestic and European Union-wide competition policy that limits local market power and national champions that are too big to fail.     

湖南与中国周边国家和地区经贸合作的对策--基于“一带一路”战略的思考

“一带一路”战略为各省市开展与周边国家和地区经贸合作提供了新的机遇。湖南作为中部省份,一直以来外贸依存度都比较低,新阶段亟需充分利用“一带一路”战略为湖南带来的新机遇,加强与中国周边国家和地区开展经贸合作,争取在经贸合作主体建设、经贸合作平台利用、经贸合作方式深化、经贸合作政策支持方面取得新的突破,为湖南打造成中部地区开放型经济的新高地提供支撑。     

The Evolution of the Belt and Road Trade Network and Its Determinant Factors

ABSTRACT

This study reveals the evolution of the Belt and Road trade network, and discusses the determinant factors of trade relationships by employing network analysis methods. Using 65 countries’ trade flow data in 2012, 2014, and 2016, the network indices show that the Belt and Road initiative has improved trade network’s connectivity significantly. The results of blockmodels show that the trade network can be partitioned into four blocks, including “Dominators,” “Brokers,” “Generators,” and “Receivers.” Furthermore, the spatial proximity, cultural differences, trade agreements, economic distance, and trade facilitations have significant impacts on the formation of trade network according to the QAP model.     

“一带一路”倡议与公司债信用利差

本文以中国“一带一路”倡议的出台作为准自然实验,采用双重差分法考察国家倡议对微观企业债券信用利差的影响。研究发现:(1)相对于非支持企业,“一带一路”倡议实施能够显著降低支持企业的公司债二级市场信用利差,该结论在一系列稳健性检验之后仍然成立。(2)通过考察“一带一路”倡议的债券市场反应,我们发现相比于非支持企业,支持企业在倡议提出后有显著更高的债券累计超额回报率。(3)进一步检验后发现,“一带一路”倡议对公司债二级市场信用利差的降低作用主要通过资源效应和信息效应来实现。并且,政策影响范围主要集中在重点对接行业以及重点对接省份的企业。(4)“一带一路”倡议还对公司债一级市场的发行表现产生影响。具体表现为:在倡议实施之后,受倡议支持企业发行的公司债,其一级市场发行利差下降幅度更大,且包含的担保条款以及限制性契约条款显著更少。本研究探讨了“一带一路”倡议对公司债券市场的政策效应,对未来推进“一带一路”建设,提高资金融通效率具有参考意义。     

流动性冲击、货币政策失误与金融危机——对美国金融危机的反思

本文认为:(1)流动性冲击主要通过资产负债表渠道和资产价格渠道来影响金融市场,正是这两种渠道才使得流动性在金融危机爆发及传导的过程中扮演了重要角色。借款人的资产负债表效应导致损失螺旋和保证金螺旋的产生,造成资产的折价销售,推动了资产价格的下跌和进一步的银根紧缩;(2)房地产泡沫的形成与美联储的货币政策失误、金融市场结构变化、新布雷顿森林体系以及投资者的羊群行为等有关,房地产泡沫破灭是美国金融危机的导火索;(3)金融危机爆发后,美联储通过调整中央银行的资产负债表,推出各种形式的金融创新工具,向金融市场注入流动性,有效地降低了金融市场崩溃的概率。论文最后从流动性管理的角度,对美国金融危机进行了反思。     

“一带一路”沿线国家投资便利化测评与中国对外直接投资

构建投资便利化衡量体系，并运用主成分分析法计算“一带一路”沿线48个国家的投资便利化水平。在确定沿线国家投资便利化得分的条件下，采用固定效应的检验方法考察2008-2016年沿线国家投资便利化水平对中国OFDI的影响。结果表明：投资便利化、国内生产总值、人口数量对中国对外直接投资存在正向拉动作用；而东道国与投资国的距离对OFDI呈负向影响。未来中国应积极推广“一带一路”沿线国家的基础设施建设，逐步提升合作国的投资便利化水平；并通过推动区域投资一体化，带动跨国企业对沿线国家的投资。     

货币政策、金融杠杆与银行风险承担

本文利用16家上市商业银行从2014年第四季度到2018年第三季度的季度面板数据,采用差分广义矩估计(DGMM)方法实证分析了货币政策和杠杆率对银行风险承担的影响。结果表明:第一,货币调控在金融稳定方面并非风险中性,它与银行风险承担呈现显著的负相关关系,即货币政策放松会相应提高银行的风险承担水平。第二,杠杆率作为资本充足率的有益补充是有效的,银行杠杆水平越低则其风险承担水平也越低,杠杆率监管会减缓或抑制货币政策对银行风险承担的影响,这也为2018年我国“宽货币紧信用”现象提供了合理解释。根据研究结论,本文就完善并协调货币调控、宏观审慎和微观监管提出政策建议。     

“一带一路”绿色金融法律机制构建研究

自“一带一路”倡议提出,吸引了越来越多的国家加入。鉴于推进“一带一路”的 建设存在巨大的资金缺口,满足这部分资金需求离不开金融的支持。我们以金融作为手段,对 流向“一带一路”合作国家项目融资进行分类管理,从信贷、证券、保险、债券等方面给予不 同的政策支持和控制。如对高污染、高能耗的项目融资活动视环境影响进行限制或禁止,对低 能耗高产出的项目融资进行政策支持,以绿色金融推动绿色“一带一路”建设。     

全球化、通货紧缩和金融稳定：货币政策的新挑战

本文在当前经济金融全球化背景下讨论中国所面临的紧缩压力和宏观金融不稳定问题。主要观点是:第一,在当前全球经济已经处于增幅放缓和金融风险走高的局势下,中国经济面临着紧缩性压力,这种压力直接体现为经常项目可能出现的逆转、外商直接投资下降和投资放缓;第二,在紧缩性压力下,中国经济在2008年面临着相对比较严重的信贷需求不足和通货紧缩压力,其主要迹象是中低收入群体的收入增幅保持在较低水平,消费增长在未来面临不可持续性;第三,针对通货紧缩压力,中央银行货币政策应更多地面向包括低收入阶层在内的全体公众,通过关注资产价格降低城市化和工业化的社会风险,通过必要的价格和数量控制,管理即将到来的行政周期性问题,并综合运用法律和行政手段控制全局性金融风险,最大限度地保持金融稳定。