新时代的“四无粮仓”

自浙江余杭县粮食系统创建“四无粮仓”以来,全国粮食系统以其为楷模,在为国储好粮、管好粮的道路上砥砺前行,使我国粮食仓储管理水平不断提高,保证了储备粮的数量真实、质量良好、储存安全。在今天,各地粮食部门赋予了“四无粮仓”新内涵,将粮油仓储智能化、规范化、精细化管理等工作融入“四无粮仓”创建活动,打造出了一大批新时代的“四无”粮库。     

“四柱清册”与现代会计

“四柱清册”又名“四柱移交清册”，原是封建官衙中移交钱粮时办理交接的清单（清册）。清初钱太听在其所著《十驾斋养新录》之十九《四柱》中说：“今官司钱粮交代必造四柱册。四柱者，旧管、新收、开除、实在也。”长期以来会计界对四柱的认识多拘泥于成说，即它是帐户记录中的四项会计要素：“旧管”是期动余额；“新收”是本斯收入；“实在”是期末结存；“开除”是本期支出。笔者经过对“四柱清册”更深入地研究．发现其更重要的意义在于：随着社会经济的发展和工商企业会计内容的拓展，原本局限于官厅会计的“四柱”，被赋予了新的内…     

“两到户、三下乡、四进村”德惠实施“爱民工程”

今年，吉林省德惠市在连续四年开展“万名干部下基层”活动基础上，以“两到户”、“三下乡”、“四进村”为主要内容组织实施了“爱民工程”，目前已取得阶段性成果。     

健全企业内部管理责任制搞好收购资金封闭运行

收购资金封闭运行是粮食流通体制改革的重要内容。在当地党政的领导和相关部门的支持下,宣汉县胡家粮站大胆探索,建立健全了粮油收购资金封闭运行“四管”机制,走出了一条既做好收购资金供应又加强企业内部管理的成功之路,受到了省、市有关领导的好评。一、基本作法胡家粮站按照收购资金封闭运行的“报账制、报告制、核查制、分解制”的“四制”操作流程,从人、财、物入手,建立健全了与农发行“四制”操作目标一致、内容相符的收购资金封闭运行“四管”机制,既促进了收购资金封闭运行,又提高了经营效益,达到了党政、银行、农民、企业“四满…     

近四年中央“—号文件”比较研究

自2004年，党中央连续四年出台“一号文件”，致力于“三农”问题的解决，提出了一系列解决“三农”问题的新思路。本文通过对四个“一号文件”出台的背景及工作重点的剖析．挖掘出了这四个“一号文件”间的关系提出了这四个“一号文件”对解决“三农”问题的重要作用与意义；最詹提出了更好她贯．彻落实中央“一号文件”的对策与建议。     

孙思邈“四少”养生法

孙思邈是我国唐代著名医学家,著有《备急千金要方》一书。书中记载有“四少”养生法,即：“口中言少、心中事少、腹中食少、自然睡少”,依此四少,神仙快了。这“四少”养生法读起来脍炙人口,流传至今。     

刍议新形势下的“一符四无”粮仓

“一符四无”粮仓是全体保防工作者辛勤的汗水和心血的结晶,确保了国家粮油物资的安全储存。随着粮食流通体制改革的进一步深入,给“一符四无”粮仓赋予了很多新的内容。实践证明：“一符四无”粮仓是一个综合性概念,不但要实现“一符四无”粮仓硬指标吴应强刍议新形势...     

“四无粮仓”的理论与实践

“四无粮仓”的理论与实践村夫５０年代初期，浙江省余杭县创造了“无虫粮仓”的经验，在全国推广过程中，发展为无虫、无霉、无鼠雀、无事故的“四无粮仓”。从此，“四无粮仓”成为粮食保管工作的一面旗帜，对推动大量粮食的科学保管与安全储藏，起了巨大作用，这是毫无...     

坚持“一符四无” 提高储粮水平──湖北省开展“一符四无”活动40年总结

坚持“一符四无”提高储粮水平──湖北省开展“一符四无”活动４０年总结湖北省粮食局在我省罗田县于１９５３年学习余杭经验，建设“无虫”粮仓的带动下，全省开展了创“四无”粮仓（无虫、无霉、无鼠雀、无事故）的活动，至今已４０多年了。这期间虽然也有曲折，“文化...     

佳木斯青年风采

共青团佳木斯市委召开纪念“五·四”运动85周年表彰会———39位优秀青年受到表彰市委副书记李承兰到会并讲话本刊讯(记者李冬娇)4月28日上午,黑龙江省佳木斯市召开了纪念“五·四”运动85周年表彰大会,佳木斯市委副书记李承兰到会并讲话,她号召,全市广大青年要弘扬“五·四”精神,在开创“富民兴佳”新局面的伟大实践中谱写壮丽篇章。会上,授予李文龙、邢龙等10人第七届“市十大杰出青年”荣誉称号;授予韩光伟、朱可苏等19名同志第三届“佳木斯市青年五四奖章”;宣布了市青年创业标兵表彰决定。李承兰指出,纪念“五·四”运动,广大青年就…     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.