我国人口城镇化与土地城镇化失调原因分析

文章通过对中国城市建成区面积增长和城镇人口增长情况的分析,发现当前中国的人口城镇化明显滞后于土地城镇化。基于对推动人口城镇化与土地城镇化不协调发展的影响因素的理论分析,利用2000—2012年的省级面板数据验证了财政分权、土地财政、商品房价格上涨和政绩考核是推动人口城镇化滞后于土地城镇化的主要因素。文章建议政府应从土地征用制度和地方税制改革两个方面来改善人口城镇化滞后于土地城镇化的问题。     

中国财政分权体制改革的路径选择

本文通过财政分权改革的框架下分析中国财政体制的经验研究,总结了财政分权改革进程中各阶段的改革特征,并对现行体制所引发的问题进行归纳。中国由于缺乏法律的保障、地区发展不平衡、事权和财权划分不规范和地方政府预算软约束等方面的问题需要解决,需要在已有研究的基础上对体制进一步的完善。     

论财政分权与民族地区基础教育

党的十六届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》要求进一步深化分税制财政体制改革，改革现行税制，在统一税收前提下．赋予地方适当的财税管理权。这是继1994年分税制改革后．中央的又一次大动作，预示着新一轮税制改革即将启动，中央、地方财政关系的重新调整。当前，关于财政分权的讨论不再局限于财政问题本身，而是更多地考虑了财政分权对其他社会经济问题的影响，教育是其中很重要的一个方面。我国的民族教育是整个教育体系中重要的组成部分．民族地区的基础教育尤为重要。民族地区的基础教育。作为一种关系国计民生的教育形式，是中国共产党在以马克思主义理论为指导，解决我国民族问题的具体实践中创造的．是提高民族地区公民文化素质，繁荣民族文化，实现民族地区经济发展、社会稳定与和谐的重要举措：同时基础教育也是民族地区发展问题中的重要内容之一。     

中国转型过程中财政分权的特征事实:历程与评价北大核心CSSCISSCI

无论是财政承包制阶段还是分税制阶段,中国渐进式改革过程的主轴都是中央政府与地方政府之间的财政分权改革。通过将中国分权体制的变革历程与中央、地方政府财政能力的相对变化结合起来分析,可以发现财政承包制在边际上增加了地方政府分享经济发展成果的比例,模拟出了类似于市场竞争机制的经济发展内在动力机制。但是,各地方政府在财政收支划分等财政问题上往往处于信息优势地位,这就造成了"两个比重"的下降。而分税制则确立了以正式法规为基础的税收分成方案,改变了承包体制下中央与地方一对一讨价还价的局面,从而充当了在新的制度环境下重塑中央与地方分权关系与利益分享格局的关键制度安排。     

分税制及地方税制模式的国际比较与借鉴

文章在分别论述美国、法国、日本分税制及地方税制的基础上,对上述发达国家分税制与地方税制模式的特点进行了总结,认为,主要市场经济国家基本都实行了稳定而有效率的分税制财政管理体制,也建立了相对完善的地方税体系。对此,中国在税制改革中应该予以借鉴,以进一步完善我国的分税制。     

我国财产税改革及其征收对策探讨

文章探讨了我国财产税的征收现状,分析了存在的问题,提出重构我国的财产税制,统一设置为财产税:拓宽税基,扩大征税范围;简化税制,对现有的税种进行整合;适度分权,建议财产税由地方政府征收,提高比重;完善个人财产制度,加强征管。     

FDI竞争、环境规制与污染避难所——对中国式分权的反思

基于1994~2006年省级面板数据,本文考察了FDI竞争与环境规制间的关系。主要结论是:中国的环境规制实际上对FDI的流入产生了显著的抑制效应,在此背景下,地方政府有动机以放松环境管制为手段来吸引更多的FDI流入,这导致中国成为跨国污染企业的"污染避难所";地方政府间的这种"竞争到底"行为根源于中国特有的分权模式,这提醒我们需要重新审视中国式分权对地方政府治理结构的影响。     

财政分权对地方公共支出结构的影响及对策研究

中国财政分权的实施为我国的现代化建设做出了巨大贡献,但同时许多问题也渐渐暴露。本文着眼于现阶段地方公共支出中所存在的问题和弊端,分析财政分权对其影响的突出问题,提出重视民生建设合理地调整财政支出比例、全面的官员考核制度、中央与地方政府间的合理分权等相应对策,以使地方公共支出结构更为合理、有效。     

金融发展、收入分权与地方政府债务

本文基于金融发展与收入分权的联合视角,将其与地方政府债务纳入到统一的内生经济增长理论框架之下,探究了其对地方政府债务的影响.并利用我国2000-2018年30个省市的面板数据进行实证检验,研究发现金融发展导致地方政府债务增长,而收入分权则有利于地方政府债务的减少;从联合项来看,收入分权并未缓解金融发展导致的地方政府债务问题.考虑到内生性问题,本文通过广义矩估计(GMM)的方法以及逐项增加控制变量进行稳健性检验,结果依然稳健显著.根据本文结论,分别从金融发展、收入分权两个角度提出了缓解地方政府债务的政策建议.     

论地方政府分权及其非规范性

在建立市场经济体制的改革过程中，以地方政府分权为主导的中央与地方关系开始形成。可是由于转轨时期的特殊性，政策性分权成为地方政府分权的主要模式，地方分权缺乏稳定的法律基础，因此只有对地方政府分权进行规范化建设，才能处理好中央与地方关系。     

Indonesian Local Government Spending,Taxing and Saving: An Explanation of Pre‐ and Post‐decentralization Fiscal Outcomes*

As a result of Indonesia's decentralization program, local governments have gained significantly more responsibility for service delivery, considerably larger fiscal resources, and much greater authority over the use of those resources than before. The present paper develops a simple budget model to describe and explain the substantial differences in pre‐ and post‐decentralization local government fiscal behavior related to spending, taxing and saving. During the post‐decentralization period special attention is paid to the fiscal behavior of natural resource rich regions. Among other things, the evidence suggests that: post‐decentralization local government spending is partly responsive to increasing needs and partly the subject of elite capture; local government taxation has become more aggressive under decentralization and appears to be mostly driven by local bureaucratic expectations related to routine overhead budgets; and the increased savings of local governments during the post‐decentralization period is determined to a large degree by delayed central government transfer payments.     

Tax policy and reform in Asian countries: Thailand''s perspective

This paper gives overviews of Thailand's tax system covering major taxes administered by the central government and the local taxes administered by the local government. Recent tax reform experiences are discussed at length starting from the introduction of value added tax (VAT) replacing the business tax to customs tariff reform. Current issues on taxation are also highlighted ranging from tax base, direct and indirect taxation, decentralization impediments. Furthermore, the government is implementing modern and cutting-edge technology in tax administration, thereby providing effective and efficient e-government services to the Thai people. This paper discusses the Roadmap for Tax Reform that would outline the framework for future direction of taxation in Thailand. Finally, the paper gives important insights on tax issues, and draws important conclusions for the future of tax reform in Thailand.     

Assessment of Local Public Finance Performance in China When Undesirable Fiscal Phenomena are Taken into Account

Making use of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique and taking undesirable fiscal phenomena into account, this paper comprehensively quantifies the public finance performance of local governments in China during the course of fiscal decentralization reform. The introduction of undesirable fiscal outcomes into this assessment makes it possible to identify meaningful and informative characteristics of local public finance performance in China. When reforms are first implemented, local public financial performance improves because undesirable fiscal phenomena have not yet become too serious. The tax sharing system reform did not work well in its early stages, and negatively impacted public expenditure efficiency. The reform started to play a substantial role between 2001 and 2005, when local governments experienced better public finance performance. Corresponding to the deterioration of the financial sector in recent years, local public financial performance worsened after 2007. Further reform of the current fiscal and taxation system is necessary in China, to ensure a brighter future for the nation.     

Tax reform issues in Korea

The relatively simple nature of the tax policy in Korea is changing recently, as widening income gap, unemployment, social expenditures, and decentralization have become important policy issues. In this paper, the tax system in Korea is overviewed, and several important tax reform issues such as economic growth, tax competition, redistribution, tax assignment, and real estate taxes are discussed. The main reform issues are the followings. The tax burden is expected to rise, but the direction of changes in tax mix is not clear since social expenditures can play as important role as direct taxation for redistribution. Taxes related to real estates in Korea are too complicated, and the progressivity is needed to be lessened. The roles of central and local governments with respect to tax policy are not well designed. Redistributive function should be assigned to the central governments, and tax exporting of local governments should be minimized.     

财政分权、空间外溢与区域经济增长

分税制改革以后,税收体系被划分为中央与地方两大部分,正式建立起以分税制为中心的财政分权体制。各地区的财政分权程度不仅对本地经济增长有直接影响,还对其他地区的经济增长有间接影响,即存在空间溢出效应。利用我国2005年至2018年31个省（市、自治区）的面板数据,运用空间面板模型,估计和检验财政分权对经济增长的空间效应。研究结果表明：各地区的财政分权不仅促进本地经济增长,还对其他地区的经济增长有显著正向溢出效应。     

财政分权、地方财政支出偏好与城市用地规模扩张——以长三角地区为例

摘要：文章通过利用1996-2010年长三角地区16个核心城市的面板数据,实证考察了财政分权、地方财政支出与城市用地规模扩张之间的关系。研究表明：财政务权和地方政府竞争体制使得地方政府在财政支出上存在着明显的偏向,三者均是城市用地规模扩张的主要推动因素;不同城市用地规模扩张的速度存在差异;体制因素是城市用地规模盲目扩张的深层次原因。为了从根本土改变地方政府的行为为鼓励,需立足中国实际,完善现有的财政体制,规范中央和地方的财政收支;改革现行的政绩考核体制,保持官员任期的连续性和稳定性;要深化我国的户籍制度改革,打破居民迁移的体制壁垒。实现”用脚投票”的机制．     

财政分权、金融分权与科技创新

央地间分权改革是我国调节不同层级政府间权责关系的一项制度探索,对于强化地方政府创新职能具有重要意义。文章基于我国城市面板数据,实证分析了财政与金融分权制度改革对科技创新的影响。研究发现,财政分权与金融分权均能有效促进城市创新,并且这种影响具有显著的时空异质性特征。动态分析发现,随着城市创新水平的提升,两种分权制度对城市创新的影响也存在着差异化的动态变化轨迹。此外,实证分析结果也表明,我国财政分权制度改革与金融分权制度改革的匹配性较差,两类分权制度缺乏有效协同。因此,在有序推动分权制度改革的同时,要提高财政与金融两个领域分权制度的匹配性,最大化分权制度改革对创新型经济发展的促进作用。     

Fiscal decentralization and local expenditure policy in China

Since the tax-sharing reform in 1994, the Chinese fiscal system has exhibited a marked vertical fiscal imbalance—a mismatch between expenditure and revenue assignments—at the local levels, which may cause the common-pool problem in local governments' behavior. Using a large fiscal dataset at the county level from 1997 to 2006, this paper studies the effects of fiscal decentralization on local expenditure policy and analyzes how the vertical fiscal imbalance shapes these effects. The estimation results show that expenditure decentralization increases government spending and leads to a fund allocation with a larger weight on capital construction and smaller weights on education and administration. In contrast, revenue decentralization has little influence on local government expenditures. We show that the differences in the effects of expenditure and revenue decentralization can be attributed to the distortionary effects caused by the vertical fiscal imbalance and, thus, offer support to the importance of the common-pool problem at the county level of China's fiscal system.     

分权式改革对经济增长影响的实证研究

中国的分权式改革是财政分权、行政分权和经济分权的三重分权过程,仅仅选择单一维度的分权指标,无法准确确认分权的经济增长效应。通过构建分权的多维衡量指标体系,并以1998-2011年省级面板数据为样本,全面分析了分权式改革对经济增长的影响。实证结果显示:分权整体上促进了地方经济增长,但不同维度的分权对经济增长的影响效应并不相同。此外,分权对经济增长的影响还存在显著的地区差异,东部地区分权的经济增长优势高于中西部地区。