试论腐败的发生机制

虽然引发腐败的原因十分复杂,从不同的角度进行分析和研究,可以得出不同的结论.但从主客观相联系、相作用的角度来观察,腐败现象的形成有着自发性特点和自主性特征,这固然与我国目前处于转型期,政府行为、企业行为和市场行为不规范有着直接关系,但这仅仅是其中的重要因素之一.主要的原因是腐败现象内部诸矛盾发展、变化和不断运动的结果.     

学术腐败的经济学分析

本文依据基本的经济学理论对学术腐败问题进行了研究。首先,在理论状态下,从效用理论出发探讨了作为经济人的学人究竟是如何进行智力资源的投入的;其次,引入了制约学人智力投入选择的两大社会约束条件,从而揭示了体制性学术腐败产生的根源;最后,简要地分析了转型期中国学术腐败的问题并对其产生之现实根源提出了自己的看法。     

Inferring disability status from corrupt data

In light of widespread concerns about the reliability of self‐reported disability, we investigate what can be learned about the prevalence of work disability under various assumptions on the reporting error process. Developing a nonparametric bounding framework, we provide tight inferences under our strongest assumptions but then find that identification deteriorates rapidly as the assumptions are relaxed. For example, we find that inferences are highly sensitive to how one models potential inconsistencies between subjective self‐assessments of work limitation and more objective measures of functional limitation. These two indicators appear to measure markedly different aspects of health status. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The corrupt politics of chemical weapons

The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is a significant component of the global governance structure and considered a gold standard international body with 193 member states and scientific divisions expected to adhere rigorously to objectivity and political neutrality. However, OPCW's reputation has recently been tarnished. Dissenting scientists from within the organization have raised serious questions about the integrity of an OPCW fact-finding mission (FFM) investigating the alleged chemical attack in Douma, Syria on April 7, 2018. The OPCW FFMs are tainted in three ways: (1) they rely upon information provided via intermediaries connected to states that are belligerents in the war in Syria; (2) the organizational structure of an FFM excludes scientific and verification divisions of the OPCW; and (3) control of FFMs is held by a bureaucratic office staffed by career diplomats who are from states involved with the Syrian war. Furthermore, officials involved with the Douma FFM investigation report the following anomalies: (a) an original interim report was secretly altered in order to make an unsubstantiated suggestion that an alleged attack had occurred; (b) A U.S. delegation was allowed to brief the FFM, an action prohibited by the Chemical Weapons Convention; and (c) formal attempts by the inspectors to obtain transparency and dialog was rejected by the OPCW. Meanwhile, the United States and its allies have dismissed questions as Russian “disinformation” or as a “conspiracy theory.” Overall, analysis of the alleged Douma attack and the OPCW's FFM supports the thesis that key international organizations have been effectively captured, or at the very least heavily influenced, by particular states that assume their own impartiality. This shortcoming poses a risk to international peace and security.     

Population equilibrium in primitive societies

The aboriginal distribution of population in North America is found not to be positively related to the richness of the natural environment, contrary to the predictions of the Malthusian model, the dominant one in Anthropology. Great abundance of some resources can encourage nomadism or raise the productivity of women, two determinants of the cost of children, which I find are associated with, lower aboriginal population density among a sample of tribes of North American Indians.     

Military expenditure in post-conflict societies

Post-conflict situations face a high risk of reversion to conflict. We investigate the effect of military expenditure by the government during the first decade post-conflict on the risk of reversion. We contrast two theories as to the likely effects. In one, military spending deters conflict by reducing the prospects of rebel success. In the other it acts as a signal to the rebels of government intentions. In the signalling model, low military spending signals that the government intends to adhere to the terms of the peace settlement and so reduces the risk of renewed rebellion. We investigate the effects of post-conflict military spending on the risk of conflict, using our existing models of military expenditure and of conflict risk. We find that, consistent with the signalling model, high military spending post-conflict significantly increases the risk of renewed conflict. This effect of military spending is distinctive to post-conflict period, and becomes progressively more pronounced over the decade. Received: April 2004, Accepted: December 2004, JEL Classification: H56, F35, O10     

财务报告舞弊与审计合谋研究

文章从我国资本市场上出现的财务报告舞弊与审计合谋的情况出发,分析了这两者并存的原因有行政干预、不合理的法人治理结构、监管环境不完善、行业自律组织薄弱、审计收费等,针对以上原因提出相应的解决方案:大力发展合伙制事务所、完善公司内部法人治理结构、强化低质量竞争的法律责任、完善审计收费制度、强化政府监管等。     

The Majoritarian Compromise in large societies

First, we dwell on the definition of the Majoritarian Compromise in the case of an odd number of alternatives. Then, assuming the Impartial Culture hypothesis we calculate the average maximum welfare achievable by the Majoritarian Compromise procedure and show that this social choice rule is asymptotically stable with the proportion of the number of unstable profiles to the total number of profiles being in the order of ,(¹We write in case there is a positive constant C such that for all sufficiently large values of ) where n is the total number of agents. I am grateful to Prof. Semih Koray for his invitation to visit the Center for Economic Design and the Department of Economics of Boğazi?i University in Turkey during the spring semester of 1999. I appreciate the stimulating discussions with Prof. Murat Sertel about the properties of the Majoritarian Compromise which I had during my stay there. I am also grateful to an anonymous referee whose remarks helped to significantly improve the exposition. A partial support from TüBİTAK NATO PC-B Programme is gratefully acknowledged.     

The impact of the foreign corrupt practices act on us exports

In 1977 the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) was enacted to penalize US firms and their employees for paying bribes to foreign government officials. If bribe payments influence the awarding of contracts and the FCPA regulation differentially affects US exporters compared to foreign competitors, then US exporters' bribe-paying ability and market share would be expected to decline. This study provides empirical evidence that the FCPA had a negative effect on US exports to non-Latin American countries but not to bribery prone ones in Latin America.     

审计作证--《零口供》贪官被执行死刑

震惊全国的贪污1191万元的胡启能，从1999年底案发到一审、二审及至复核近4年时间，百般狡辩，拒不认罪，但是最终被最高人民法院复核后执行死刑。“零口供”的背后必然有大量的人证、物证、书证。重庆市审计局与当地检察院共同调查，历时4年，蹲点审计几个月，奔走沿海18个城市，先后4次向市纪委移送了重要取证资料，先后7次向市检察院一分院移送了大量审计报告及胡倒卖配额指标等财务证据，为侦破此案件，为法院判决起到了重要的作用。     

Work absence in industrialised societies: the Australian case

In this paper, Bob Crawford and Sam Volard present an analysis of the causes for temporary non-approved work absence in which they isolate the extent of the ‘sickie’ in Australian industry. They suggest areas in which management can properly institute programmes which are likely to reduce the incidence of this largely avoidable and costly organisational problem.     

Measuring the technical efficiency of cooperative societies in Kuwait

This study employs bootstrap data envelopment analysis to measure the technical efficiencies of 48 Kuwaiti retail cooperative societies (coops) during the years 2012–2015. Average profit efficiency falls substantially from 84% to 70% after applying a bootstrap correction. The bias is larger for coops originally identified as being on the efficient frontier. The average coop is too small, but both profitability and efficiency are negatively related to the number of direct branches (mini‐marts). Also, coops can increase profitability through greater equity capitalization, whereas better control of labor costs leads to higher profit efficiency.     

The ruling bargain: sovereign wealth funds in elite-dominated societies

This paper generates new results on the creation and use of sovereign wealth funds (SWF) as tools for maximizing political power of the ruling class. It models a ruler’s decision to set up a SWF in a society dominated by a powerful elite in order to pacify the elite’s political ambitions by transferring resource rents. Furthermore, it shows under which circumstances the ruler is able to gain the elite’s support using a fund and to overcome the danger of coups d’état. SWFs can serve as appropriate instruments for this purpose because they are long-term oriented and strongly institutionalized.     

Allocating chances of success in finite and infinite societies: The utilitarian criterion

We study a particular collective choice problem, that of allocating chances of success. We argue that many problems of interest have this nature, from small scale problems like medical triage to large scale ones like the allocation of opportunities in society. We consider both finite and infinite societies. We characterise utilitarian-type criteria by means of new properties tailored to the probabilistic structure of the alternatives.     

Enigmatic exchange mechanisms in modern societies: Community and business barter and international countertrade

Modem domestic barter systems are operating in Australia and other high-income countries at the local community level, and at the national level for business exchanges. Both governments and firms practise countertrade at the international level. These exchange regimes appear to have become institutionalised in a macromarketing system which is organised on the primacy of market exchange based on price as the coordinating device. In this paper, explanations for this enigma are presented with a particular emphasis on the Australian context.     

Configuring innovative societies: The crossvergent role of cultural and institutional varieties

The study aims to explore why some societies are more innovative than others in high-technology sectors. Following a crossvergence perspective, we generate nine causal conditions by accommodating both cultural and institutional varieties: uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, individualism and power distance as culture indicators, and union density, skill development, market capitalization to credit, prevalence of cluster and state dominance as institutional indicators. Applying the configurational approach, we conducted fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries. We confirm the equal importance of both cultural and institutional mechanisms as contributors to national innovativeness, and identify equifinal configurations of cultural and institutional varieties as leading to a high-tech society. The implication is that a society can adjust or develop various cultural and/or institutional conditions to maintain or create leadership in innovation.     

关于加快江苏省行业协会改革和发展的调研报告

江苏省行业协会存在着布局结构不合理、经费缺乏、政会不分、职能不到位、机制不活、人员结构亟待优化等问题。应健全相关法规、规章、制度 ;推进“政会脱钩” ;加快组建新型行业协会 ;调整行业协会布局结构 ;充分发挥行业协会职能 ;支持行业协会自主办会 ;采取具体、有效措施 ,促进行业协会健康发展