基于引力模型的我国木质家具出口市场结构分析

木质家具是林业产业的重要组成部分,我国是木质家具生产和出口第一大国。我国木质家具出口市场过于集中,已经成为非常突出的问题。从长远看,优化木质家具出口市场结构是促进我国木质家具行业发展的长期性战略。本文试图以2009年我国对各贸易伙伴的木质家具出口份额为被解释变量,将进口国家和地区2009年GDP总量、人口总量、人均GDP、人均森林面积、港口距离、是否是中国-东盟自由贸易区成员、是否是APEC成员、是否设置了严重的贸易壁垒作为解释变量,通过构建贸易引力模型分析我国木质家具出口的动因和影响因素,并测定了我国木质家具对各贸易伙伴的出口潜力,结果表明中国的木质家具出口市场结构具有集中性,存在进一步优化空间,为我国木质家具的出口提供政策启示。     

中国对CPTPP国家的农产品出口效率和潜力研究——基于随机前沿引力模型

使用随机前沿引力模型分析2002—2020年中国对CPTPP国家农产品的出口效率及贸易潜力。研究结果显示：中国农产品出口CPTPP各国的贸易效率差异较大，市场拓展潜力不同；CPTPP国家GDP水平、贸易自由度、金融自由度、商业自由度和同属“东盟10+3”等因素对中国农产品出口有正向作用，贸易国人口规模、地理距离和关税等因素对中国农产品出口有负向作用。为进一步提升中国农产品出口效率，应积极推动CPTPP谈判进程，加强与CPTPP国家经贸合作，提升贸易便利化水平。     

中国对RCEP伙伴国数字服务贸易出口效率与潜力——基于随机前沿引力模型

数字服务贸易是我国经济恢复与增长的新引擎,但我国数字服务贸易长期存在逆差,行业结构不合理。加强我国与RCEP伙伴国双边数字服务贸易合作,对推动我国数字服务贸易高质量发展、扭转贸易逆差意义重大。基于2005—2021年我国与13个RCEP伙伴国数字服务贸易面板数据,分析我国与RCEP伙伴国数字服务贸易现状,进而利用随机前沿引力模型分析其出口效率与潜力及影响因素。研究发现,从自然因素看,人均GDP、人口规模、共同语言对数字服务贸易出口促进作用显著,地理距离、共同边界对数字服务贸易出口阻碍作用显著;从人为因素看,贸易开放度、数字基础设施水平、自由贸易协定、东盟“10+3”机制、区域贸易协定对我国数字服务贸易出口促进作用显著,利用外资水平、金融发展水平对我国数字服务贸易出口有阻碍作用但不显著;从出口效率看,我国对RCEP伙伴国数字服务贸易出口效率整体偏低,且市场异质性明显,提升空间很大;从出口潜力和拓展空间看,数字服务贸易RCEP伙伴国大多数是冰山型市场,极少数是扩张型市场,没有发展型和饱和型市场,我国数字服务贸易出口潜力和拓展空间巨大。为进一步提高我国对RCEP伙伴国数字服务贸易出口效率、深...     

基于引力模型的我国木质家具出口市场结构分析

木质家具是林业产业的重要组成部分,我国是木质家具生产和出口第一大国.我国木质家具出口市场过于集中,已经成为非常突出的问题.从长远看,优化木质家具出口市场结构是促进我国木质家具行业发展的长期性战略.本文试图以2009年我国对各贸易伙伴的木质家具出口份额为被解释变量,将进口国家和地区2009年GDP总量、人口总量、人均GD...     

金融危机下中国对欧盟农产品出口变化的成因分析

欧盟是中国第二大农产品出口市场,金融危机导致了中国对欧盟农产品出口呈现新变化。文章采用UNCOMTRADE有关数据,基于"贸易引力模型"和"恒定市场份额模型(CMS模型)",对金融危机前后的中国对欧盟农产品出口变化的成因进行了实证分析。结果显示,欧盟农产品进口需求变化、欧盟农产品进口依存度及人民币实际有效汇率对中国农产品出口产生显著影响。金融危机后,中国对欧盟农产品出口整体竞争力的提高和适应欧盟进口需求结构变化,是推动中国对欧盟农产品出口恢复性增长的关键因素。     

我国农产品出口结构与竞争力的实证分析

我国农产品出口已经进入新的快速增长阶段。本文系统分析了农产品出口的商品结构、地区结构、市场结构以及出口经营主体结构的特征与变化,并用显示比较优势指数(RCA)、贸易竞争力指数(TC)以及国际市场份额等评价了我国农产品出口的国际竞争力,实证分析显示农产品出口贸易结构总体反映了我国农业资源的禀赋和比较优势特征,主要集中在具有竞争优势的劳动密集型农产品,但与农产品出口大国相比,整体竞争力弱,处于低竞争劣势,部分劳动密集型农产品具有国际竞争力。     

中国农产品对欧盟出口结构分析

欧盟是一个主要的农产品出口地区,也是世界最大的农产品进口地区,是中国农产品的重要贸易伙伴。本文以中国对欧盟25国的农产品出口为研究对象,分析了中国农产品对欧盟出口的结构特点,深入探讨了中国农产品对欧盟出口的比较优势及贸易互补性,从而为确定我国合理的农产品出口政策,指导我国农产品更好地开拓欧盟市场,提出有针对性的应对措施。     

中国对RCEP成员国农产品出口贸易潜力研究

农产品贸易是中国对外贸易的重要议题,RCEP协定的签订实施为改善中国农产品出口现状提供了重要契机。在选用2005-2020年中国对RCEP成员国农产品出口贸易数据的基础上,利用拓展的贸易引力模型对中国对RCEP成员国农产品出口的影响因素进行实证分析,并在此基础上测算了中国农产品出口到RCEP各成员国的贸易潜力值。研究表明,中国和进口国的GDP、进口国的贸易条件指数这三项因素对于扩大中国对RCEP成员国农产品出口有显著的正向作用;人民币汇率对于中国对RCEP成员国农产品出口有着显著的负向作用;中国对大多数RCEP成员国的农产品出口有较大的潜力。根据研究结果,分别从我国农产品供给、针对性策略以及稳定人民币汇率三个层面提出政策建议。     

中美两国对韩国农产品出口增长因素研究

韩国是中、美两国农产品重要出口市场。本文基于2000~2011年中美两国对韩国农产品贸易的有关数据,运用恒定市场份额模型分解两国对韩国农产品出口增长因素。结果显示:规模效应始终是中美两国农产品对韩国出口增长的主要因素,中国规模效应较美国更加突出;中国农产品出口竞争力下降导致竞争效应贡献度不断降低,严重制约中国对韩国农产品出口的扩大,而美国农产品竞争优势的提高促进了对韩国出口增长。美韩FTA协定中韩国农产品市场的进一步开放,必然会对中国农产品出口韩国构成威胁。最后,提出了扩大两国农产品贸易规模、促进农产品贸易自由化的建议。     

技术性壁垒对中美茶叶贸易影响分析

茶叶是我国重要的出口农产品。随着贸易自由化程度的深化,关税等传统保护手段对农产品贸易的限制作用越来越小。本文从我国茶叶出口现状及遭受的美国技术性壁垒入手,将技术性壁垒作为虚拟变量,运用扩展的引力模型分析发现,日趋强化的美国技术性壁垒已成为我国茶叶出口的主要障碍。此外中国茶叶对美国出口的平均单位价格、中国茶叶总产量、人民币升值、美国人均GDP也对两国茶叶贸易具有显著影响。最后,在计量结果分析的基础上提出应对美国技术性壁垒的对策。     

The empirical link between export dispersion and export performance: A contingency-based approach

Practitioners and scholars point out that firms are increasingly dispersing their capabilities across organizational functions. However, it is not clear whether all forms of dispersion, of any function, result in the same consequences. This study initiates investigation into the link between the cross-functional dispersion of influence on export marketing decisions (export dispersion) and export performance. Drawing on data from a sample of 225 UK exporters, the findings support the argument that active participation of non-export functions in export-marketing decisions affects export success. However, those performance consequences are dependent on internal and external contingencies. Export dispersion is beneficial for export performance when the export customer environment is more turbulent and, simultaneously, the export technological environment is more stable and the firm has lower levels of export information sharing. In all other scenarios examined in this study, greater levels of concentration of export decision-making (i.e. lower levels of export dispersion) appear to be more beneficial for export performance. Our findings imply that the management of the firm’s level of export dispersion is a complex task, whereby the degree of export dispersion pursued needs to match external environmental and internal firm factors.     

Export planning orientation and its antecedents: Evidence from exporting IT products

There is strong support in the export literature for a positive relationship between export planning and export performance. However, little is known about the drivers of export planning. In addressing this knowledge gap, this article proposes that export planning is usefully analyzed in terms of a managerial orientation. Regarding the antecedents of export planning orientation, the focus here is on the role of factors internal to the firm, especially its exporting mindset (export necessity and export commitment). This article also examines to what extent export confidence (psychic distance and marketing advantage) moderates the relationship. The empirical results show that export commitment has a strong and positive effect on a firm's export planning orientation. This relationship is moderated by psychic distance and marketing advantage. Specifically, the results show that the greater the psychic distance and the weaker the marketing advantage, the stronger the relationship between export commitment and a firm's export planning orientation. The results also show that management's perceived export necessity has a negative effect on a firm's export planning orientation and that this relationship remains unaffected by psychic distance and marketing advantage.     

Export Entry,Export Exit and Productivity in German Manufacturing Industries

This paper contributes to the flourishing literature on exports and productivity by using a unique newly available panel of exporting establishments from the manufacturing sector of Germany from 1995 to 2004 to test three hypotheses motivated by a theoretical model by Hopenhayn (Econometrica 1992): (H1) Firms that stop exporting in year t were in t?1 less productive than firms that continue to export in t. (H2) Firms that start to export in year t are less productive than firms that export both in year t?1 and in year t. (H3) Firms from a cohort of export starters that still export in the last year of the panel were more productive in the start year than firms from the same cohort that stopped exporting in between. While results for West Germany support all three hypotheses, this is only the case for (H1) and (H2) in East Germany.     

跟着邻居去出口?——邻居出口信号、不确定性与出口目的地本土集聚

本文识别了一种新型出口集聚方式,即出口目的地的本土集聚,并基于理论和实证两个维度从邻居出口信号的角度解释了其发生原因。本文理论研究表明,与经典理论不同,当存在信息不对称时,企业的出口决策并不是独立完成,而是基于"邻居"所发出的出口信号综合权衡的结果,因此利好的邻居出口信号会带动企业向同一目的国出口,从而出现出口目的地的本土集聚,但较大的市场不确定性会削弱信号的可信度,从而抑制这一集聚过程。在经验研究中,本文基于2000—2016年的海关数据测度了中国的出口目的地本土集聚,发现出口目的地本土集聚程度逐年上升,且与目的地不确定性呈现负相关。基准研究发现利好的邻居出口信号显著提高了出口目的地本土集聚的程度,利用事件分析联合倍差法(ESDID)克服了潜在的内生性问题并引入一种新颖的两阶段方法检验了目的国市场不确定性影响的理论假说,本文的结论意味着,在外部环境相对较差的背景下,信息的透明度与信号传递的正确性、及时性会极大地影响到中国出口目的地分布与出口安全。     

The effect of matching on perceived export barriers and performance in an era of globalization discontents: Empirical evidence from UK SMEs

In this study we examine the effect of matching, a comprehensive networking concept, on the perceived export barriers and export performance of small exporting firms. We introduce matching as a moderating variable affecting the link of perceived internal/external export barriers to export performance. Using a sample of 106 UK-based exporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs), we find that matching alleviates the negative impact of perceived internal export barriers on export performance. Furthermore, the empirical results show that export experience and export commitment reduce managers' perceived internal and external export barriers. The study shows that matching, as a networking-tool at multiple levels, can help to overcome export barriers, thus providing a mechanism to offset challenges opened up through nationalistic policies.     

技术创新与出口:理论与实证研究的发展

从理论阐释和实证分析两个方面述评技术创新与出口关系的主要观点和相关文献。众多相关文献表明,技术创新活动是一国出口表现的主要驱动力之一,在扩大市场、提升国际竞争力以及增加企业利润方面起着积极的促进作用。     

Is export promotion effective in developing countries? Firm-level evidence on the intensive and the extensive margins of exports

How effective are export promotion activities in developing countries? What are the channels through which export promotion affects firms' exports, the intensive margin or the extensive margin? Empirical evidence in this respect is scarce. We aim at filling this gap in the literature by providing evidence on the impact of export promotion on export performance using a unique firm-level dataset for Peru over the period 2001-2005. We find that export promotion actions are associated with increased exports, primarily along the extensive margin, both in terms of markets and products. This result is robust across alternative specifications and estimation methods.     

利用出口信用保险应对次贷危机对我国出口企业的影响

美国次贷危机爆发后,其信用风险向世界金融市场扩散,并对全球经济产生了负面影响。由于我国经济对美国出口的依存度较高,加之美国资金信贷风险的转嫁,次贷危机对我国外贸出口的影响已相当明显。出口信用保险是支持一国对外出口,帮助企业规避出口收汇风险的有力工具,特别是在宏观经济面临不利因素的情况下,出口企业应利用专业的风险管理机构保障自身的利益。     

出口复杂度的国外研究进展

国家出口复杂度反映了一国的出口商品结构,而产业和产品复杂度则在一定程度上反映了该出口产业或出口产品的技术水平以及国际分工地位。研究出口复杂度对于分析国际贸易、国际生产布局、出口结构以及发展中国家的出口竞争力都具有重要意义。近年来国外文献对出口复杂度,尤其是中国出口复杂度问题展开了大量的理论与实证分析。本文从多维视角,总结了国外文献对出口复杂度的定义、测度、异常性与内在作用机制的研究进展,并进行了总结评价。     

Why do some firms stop exporting?

During economic turbulence, such as those caused by the US-China conflict and COVID-19, sunk cost effect has garnered attention in IB literature. As it becomes increasingly difficult to predict export profits, relying on sunk costs for strategic positioning in export markets appears to be a rational decision. However, few studies quantitatively examined sunk cost effect variations, especially in export-exit decision-making. In our study, we quantified sunk cost effect with respect to export performance and export portfolio, specifically in terms of export-exit probability. Our findings indicate that the export-exit rate due to sunk cost effect is less than 50% only if export volume surpasses a certain threshold. Consequently, we have provided an explanation for why export exits still occur in the presence of high sunk costs. Additionally, we have identified that geographic diversification, up to four destinations, has more synergy with sunk cost effect than product diversification, particularly in volatile environments.