农业部门劳动力再配置、农村非农化与中国农村经济增长

文章通过在二元经济增长模型中引入内生经济增长思想的基础上,构建了一个能够较好地对中国农村经济增长进行模拟和解释的理论模型.整个模型将中国农村经济增长划分为传统农业阶段、非农产业发展阶段与"反哺"阶段三个时间段,并着重分析了农业剩余的出现与非农产业的发展,这也是中国农村经济改革之所以成功最为重要的一段时期.文章最终认为,农村经济发展的最终目的应该是促进农业与非农产业的协调发展,以推进社会主义新农村建设、构建社会主义和谐社会.     

第三部门监督缺失的原因

现代社会科学把社会组织分为政府组织、营利组织、第三部门三大类,它们分别是政治领域、经济领域和社会领域的主要组织形式。社会的发展突显出第三部门的重要性、同时也就将第三部门的监督提上日程。本文从现实报道入手提出我国第三部门监督缺失问题,通过宏观,中观和微观三个不同的范围层次分析我国第三部门监督缺失的原因。     

和谐社会视角下西部"三农"问题探析

西部“三农”问题的形成机理是PPE怪圈（“贫困-人口过度增长-环境退化”的恶性循环）和RAP怪圈（“农村社会发展程度低-传统农业所占份额大、农业经济结构单一-农民文化素质低”的恶性循环）之间相互作用的结果。要突破这个怪圈,必须控制西部农村人口的过度增长,要千方百计提高农民文化素质,增加农民收入,推进农村民主法治建设。促进西部“三农”问题的解决。     

打造现代"地主"--论增加农民收入的途径

改革开放以来,甘肃省农村改革稳步推进,农村经济稳步发展,实现了农村社会的长期稳定.但应当清醒地看到,当前农业和农村发展中还存着许多矛盾和问题,突出的是农民增收困难.农民收入上不去,不仅影响农民生活水平的提高和农村经济的全面发展,而且制约了甘肃省整个国民经济的增长、农村社会进步和全面建设小康社会目标的实现.要解决这一问题,在搞好农业结构调整,大力发展第二、三产业以及农村富余劳动力转移的同时,还必须根据甘肃省农业和农村的实际,大力打造现代"地主",为全省农业和农村经济发展注入新的活力.     

日本农户增收的产业路径及其启示

日本农业的"六次产业化"能够振兴农村经济、增加农户收入的原因是:第一,运用农业、农村的多功能性,充分有效利用农村地区资源;第二,依托农业生产延伸产业链的同时,把农业的"六次产业化"过程中生成的高附加值尽可能留存在农村;第三,因地制宜地选择适合当地农村地区发展的农业的"六次产业化"经营模式.日本通过农业的"六次产业化"经营增加农民收入的路径,对于我国切实解决三农问题有一定的借鉴意义.     

日本产业结构软化论

日本于1968年成为世界第二大经济强国以后,在知识经济的时代背景下,产业结构软化的趋势日益明显:农业生产中硬要素投入减少,软要素投入增加,加工型制造部门、高端服务部门分别在制造业、服务业中逐渐居于主导地位;产业结构信息化、服务化趋势日益增强。日本产业结构软化既有科技、需求、产业政策、国际环境等方面的共同原因,也有各自具体的原因。产业结构软化强化了日本"第三、第二、第一"的产业格局,提高了日本经济增长质量和国际经济竞争力,同时也加剧了日本的结构性失业。     

将立法触角伸向农村--对我国农村生态环境建设的立法建议

中国传统社会是一个以农耕文化为主导的农业社会,农村经济社会的发展在国家发展的战略布局中历来占有重要位置.改革开放以来,我国农村经济有了快速发展,但随着农村经济的发展,尤其是近年来农村城镇化步伐的加快,农村环境污染和生态破坏问题日益突出.一方面,由于相关的环境监管措施不到位,使得农村环境污染处于失控状态,土壤污染、水污染、大气污染和固体废物污染严重,环境质量下降;另一方面,因长期过度的开发利用导致植被破坏、水土流失、生物多样性改变,导致了严重的农业生态退化,环境承载能力降低,生态环境非常脆弱.时至今日,农村环境问题已成为制约我国可持续发展战略的一个重要因素.     

日本第三域：保持经济发展和社会稳定的新型组织

第三域是指独立于政府和企业之外的团体、组织,在日本,第三域组织得到了蓬勃发展,并在社会经济生活中发挥了重要作用,如拓展就业渠道、提供公共物品、对国民收入进行再分配、增加社会资本等。通过对第三域组织的了解,对我国建立社会主义市场经济体制具有一定的借鉴意义。     

简论日本与欧美的农业观

综观战后各发达国家农业生产经营的发展，其农业观、农村现虽因地理条件、自然条件、社会经济发展条件等不同而有所不同，但都不同程度地反映出经济至上主义的特征。这种农业观对各国农业、农村的发展发挥了不同程度的促进作用，但也伴生了诸如城市。过密与农村过疏、环境破坏等问题。为适应新时代，它们都在考虑如何发展可持续农业的问题。一、日本：经济优先的封闭型家族农业经营日本农业以小农为基础、以家族经营为核心，着眼于农业、农村自身，偏重于生产和经济性活动，形成经济优先的封闭型家族经营农业观。（一）日本的农业观及其形成…     

农村专业技术协会发展机制初探

农村专业技术协会的产生是自然因素、经济因素、政策法规因素和思想文化因素及相互关系共同催生的结果，多种主体性力量理性选择共同促进农村专业技术协会的发展，作为独立于政府与市场的第三部门力量，农村专业技术协会在农村中兴起和发展壮大，功能从经济功能逐步拓展到社会功能与文化功能，弥补了第一部门和第二部门的缺陷。这样一种农村中较为活跃的新型社会组织形式，势必在将来会促进农业产业优化和升级、农民社会化和组织化、农村社会生产力进一步发展产生更加重要的作用。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

我国发展天文旅游的条件、前景探析及策略思考

天文旅游资源从成因可以分为行星地球天文旅游资源、天体天文旅游资源和天文文化旅游资源三类。天文旅游方兴未艾,我国天文旅游具有很大发展前景。文章对我国开展天文旅游的条件进行了分析,对发展天文旅游的策略和措施进行了梳理。     

城市社会的开放与农民的城市化

城市社会在对农民的开放与封闭之中徘徊。改革开放后城市社会对农民的开放已经使很多农民城市化。城市社会对农民的封闭已由政策性封闭转向经济性封闭。城市社会对农民的封闭增加了农民城市化的成本和社会风险。必须加强城市社会对农民的开放,逐步消除对农民的封闭政策,以推进农民的城市化。     

信息化时代商学院图书馆的建设与发展——中、美四大名校商学院图书馆建设的比较与启示

信息化时代中美商学院图书馆的建设与发展,成为当今时代高等商学教育发展与进步的一个重要环节,对中美四大商学院图书馆的发展状况、差距进行分析比较,对促进我国商学院图书馆事业的改革、建设和发展具有一定的启示作用和参考价值。