预付款消费的法律规制

预付款消费是指经营者以先从消费者处收取预付费,在约定期限分期分次提供商品或者服务的经营方式。目前在我国的消费领域中大量存在。然而针对这一消费模式的监管却存在漏洞。应尽快完善其法律规制,保障消费者的合法权益。     

预付款消费的法律规制

预付款消费是指经营者以先从消费者处收取预付费,在约定期限分期分次提供商品或者服务的经营方式。目前这种形式在我国消费领域中大量存在,然而针对这一模式的监管不完善。应尽快完善相关法律规制,保障消费者合法权益。     

服务行业预付款消费行为研究

预付款消费在我国个别服务行业已经成为行业潜规则,其具有方便、经济和融资的功能,也存在着不安全、权利不对等的弊端。预付款实际上是债的一种,预付款消费行为是融资行为和变相的强迫消费行为,应当从不同的部门法进行规制。     

法律消费红火起来

近年来,随着社会的进步和广大人民群众综合素质的提高,法律消费已成为一个新的消费热点,它正受到越来越多消费者的青睐。 法律消费热点多 法律消费成为消费新热点,是一个渐进的过程。它始于前几年,只是到了不久前,才成为一大消费新潮。现在越来越多的城乡人民群众重视法律消费,舍得把钱投向法律服务项目。 踊跃参加普法培训。经过“三五”普法后,很多人尝到了知法、用法的甜头,     

消费赠品，呼唤法律保护

如今,消费赠品,已随处可见,买空调赠微波炉;买摩托车赠VCD;买微机赠2000元大包;买西服赠衬衫,就是吃洋餐也可得个小玩具.不管夏季还是冬季,也不论你买家用电器还是买生活用品,只要消费者购买价值较高的商品,都可得到商家的"买一赠一"的"优惠"待遇.面对商家给消费者如此"优惠"的赠品,似乎"上帝"得到了更多的便宜.但是,你千万别高兴得太早,"天上不会掉馅饼"早已被人们共识.那么,商家的"买一赠一"又有一些什么"猫腻"呢?     

论消费信用权的法律保护

当前我国消费信用缺失，需要法律保护。本文首先讨论消费信用权的性质和法律特征，然后分析了我国消费信用权保护的法律现状。在此基础上提出，由于消费者处于弱者地位，在民法典中完善信用权的基础上，还应从颁布消费信用法、规定消费风险救济法律制度及增加失信成本等方面来完善我国商业信用权的法律保护。     

浅析消费金融公司的法律规制

消费金融公司的出现,为激活我国的个人消费信贷市场提供了一条有效的途径。但是由于消费金融公司在我国尚属于新生事物,并且我国长期以来有着重储蓄、轻消费的消费文化,所以在法律规制方面采取了比较严格的准入制度和运行规则,而下一步可以通过完善个人信用等立法来进一步完善消费金融公司的法律规制。     

新会计准则下工程预付款的会计处理与报表列示探析

《企业会计准则》规定:企业进行在建工程预付的工程价款,借记"预付账款"科目,贷记"银行存款"等科目。按工程进度结算工程价款,借记"在建工程"科目,贷记"预付账款"、"银行存款"等科目。原《企业会计制度》将工程预付款计入"在建工程"科目核算。新会计准则改变了工程预付款的会计处理方式。会计准则细微的变化,却给企业带来了重大影响。本文以案例分析为起点,对新会计准则下工程预付款的会计处理与报表列示问题进行探讨。     

法律原则司法适用探析

法律原则是法律的基础性原理或真理,具有高度抽象性、普遍适用性、相对稳定性等特性,它是法治精神的精华和集中体现。它与法律规则相比有自身的特点,在司法实践中是否具有可诉性,如何具体适用到司法实践中,有很大的争议。通过法律原则的可诉性、司法适用的必要性,具体的适用程序及限制等基础理论进行深入的分析研究,并借鉴国外的相关制度,旨在完善法律原则的司法适用,发挥其应有的功能。     

法律原则司法适用探析

法律原则是法律的基础性原理或真理,具有高度抽象性、普遍适用性、相对稳定性等特性,它是法治精神的精华和集中体现。它与法律规则相比有自身的特点,在司法实践中是否具有可诉性,如何具体适用到司法实践中,有很大的争议。通过法律原则的可诉性、司法适用的必要性,具体的适用程序及限制等基础理论进行深入的分析研究,并借鉴国外的相关制度,旨在完善法律原则的司法适用,发挥其应有的功能。     

消费者增权理论与我国消费者权益保护法的完善

消费者增权理论是近年来西方社会科学领域关注的热点问题之一,在消费者增权理论中,信息供给型增权和制度供给型增权是两种主要模式。我国现阶段的消费模式和消费者权益保护实践表明,制度供给型消费者增权可以更好地保护消费者利益。所以,从消费者增权理论出发,完善消费者权益保护法律体系,是增进消费者利益保护和实现消费和谐的重要举措。     

欧盟消费者法对商业创新的法律影响力评析

欧盟主要施行的消费者法和相关指令强调的是不仅保护消费者也鼓励竞争和支持创新。法律在竞争性的市场中应为消费者的保护提供一个基本的框架,即"授权"给消费者,让消费者愿意也能够在市场上对商品和服务进行选择,并且根据对商品和服务的质量和安全性的合理预期而确立起足够充分的消费者信心,而其中消费者法对实现这样的目标应该起到基础和关键性的作用。     

The use of small instant loans among young adults – a gateway to a consumer insolvency?

The aim of this paper is to study 18‐ to 29‐year‐old Finnish consumers' use of instant small loans (i.e. SMS loan) and other consumer credit services that have increased notably in the past few years. We examine what kind of expenditures instant credit is used for and focus also on young consumers' financial situation and their perceptions of themselves as money handlers. The research method is quantitative, and data are derived from an open online survey (n = 1610). Our results reveal that consumer credit is used by young people in all income brackets and employment positions. However, there is a clear connection between certain life‐course stages (young, single parent), financial positions (low income), employment situations (marginal) and the propensity to take instant loans and consumer credit. The young people who take an instant loan once are likely to do it again. Typical purposes of use included buying alcohol, cigarettes and partying. For some consumers, the use of small loans is part of controlled and economical use of money. However, particularly in the low‐income brackets, it is also common to buy food and to repay credit or interest. Young people, who use instant loans recognize flaws in their money management and see themselves as ‘wasteful’ consumers more often than those who do not use instant loans. On the basis of this empirical study, it is unquestioned that young people's consumer education needs to be strengthened. In Finland, this need has already been recognized in both consumer policy and teacher education.     

The development of consumer protection in Saudi Arabia

The development of consumer protection in Saudi Arabia is of interest for a number of reasons. First, Saudi Arabia presents a unique combination of size, stage of development of the economy and wealth, coupled with strictness of Islamic observance. Second, consumer protection in the Saudi context has received very little attention from researchers. Despite the richness of Islamic teachings on the conduct of business and trade, very little has been written on consumer protection in Islamic societies other than discussions of financial markets and consumer credit and monopoly. This article briefly explores the background to the emergence of consumer protection in Saudi Arabia. Consumer credit and financial markets are excluded from the discussion. Islamic (Shari’ah) law is analysed as a basis for the regulation of consumer affairs; this system of law is then compared in its major outcomes for consumers with legal systems in advanced Western economies. The development of secular commercial law during recent times in Saudi Arabia is also considered as a parallel development to those in Shari’ah. Both strands of development are then set in the context of Saudi Arabia's 5‐year development plans and the changing position of consumer policy issues is tracked through successive plans. The institutional location of consumer policy within the Saudi government system is discussed before finally considering the changing nature of the Saudi consumer and the possible future for consumer protection in the country.     

基于情境理论的消费者行为影响因素研究

情境是影响消费者行为的重要因素之一。在贝克情境理论的指导下,提出17个影响消费者行为的情境变量,通过对其进行因子分析得到了六个情境因子:心理、环境、营销、时间、物质及互动因子,并进一步分析指出,情境因素对消费者行为的影响受到其他影响因素的交互作用。该研究既对以往有关消费者行为影响因素的研究进行了完善,又有利于企业更好地了解消费者行为,具有较强的理论价值与实践意义。     

中国城乡居民消费持续低迷的心理因素分析

消费心理是消费需求的具体表现 ,又是消费行为的内在因素 ,同时居民消费行为将对经济运行产生一定的影响。城乡居民消费持续低迷固然是由多方面的原因造成的 ,其中心理因素发挥着重要的不容忽视的作用。了解、分析消费者心理 ,对正确地引导居民消费是十分必要的。     

Foods produced using biotechnology: how does the law protect consumers?

This paper addresses the following subjects: biotechnology and consumers, concern about risks, consumer acceptance, labelling of foods produced using biotechnology, the legal approach to consumer protection, and consumer protection policies relating to biotechnology products in the European Union, the United States, Turkey and global institutions such as the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). It is likely that biotechnology will gain ground much more rapidly in the twenty‐first century than in the past. Despite rapid, detailed and precise advances in gene technology, its applications have not been the received with a great deal of consumer enthusiasm. Consumers have approached genetically modified foods with considerable apprehension and opposition. Consumer concerns about bioengineered food products focus on the questions of human health, environmental and social risks and benefits. The most important stages in the process of marketing new foods produced using biotechnology are to demonstrate user need and consumer acceptance. Generally, the technical complexity of biotechnology makes it difficult for consumers to understand details of the product and the specific attributes of biotechnology applications. Scientific uncertainty, the nature of consumer concerns and general reluctance to accept biotechnology products, increase the importance of consumer protection. Legal protection is a very important factor in the solution of new social problems related to technological advances. More specifically, consumer and environmental law support consumer protection related to foods produced with biotechnology. The basic principles of consumer law can be re‐formulated as consumer rights. Environmental law is a new phenomenon, but precautionary principles and public participation in decision‐making for environmental law are relevant to consumer protection relating to bioengineered food products.     

Passengers,consumers, and travellers: The rise of passenger rights in EC transport law and its repercussions for Community consumer law and policy

EC transport law is set to be complemented by a series of Regulations giving rights to passengers for almost every mode of transport. These Regulations not only give transport law a distinct consumer dimension but also add new elements to European private law. This paper attempts to provide a horizontal, or intermodal, survey of these Regulations, adopted and proposed. It is argued that passenger law, although originating separately and remaining a sector distinct from other fields of law, has become part of a wider, three-stranded notion of European consumer policy deserving due attention as the force most dynamically expanding the area of Community law of contracts and of torts. The paper will point to the elements of consumer contract law and the law on travel and tourism related to passenger transport and elaborate on the basics for finding a common notion of the key terms like “passenger” and “damage” for Community law. It concludes with some points for further reflection.

Evaluating the urban consumer with regard to sourcing local food: a Heart of England study

This paper critically explores consumer perceptions and trends regarding purchasing locally produced food. Until recently, much of the research in this area largely focused on regional consumers where rural consumers had reasonable access to locally produced food and were usually in close proximity to the producers within, or close to, their immediate community. Here, the objectives of the primary research focused instead on urban attitudes and perceptions of local food within the Greater Birmingham conurbation in the West Midlands region of the UK. Birmingham is by far the most highly populated urban area of the region, and with ample opportunities to promote local food. Consumers, based mainly in Birmingham and Wolverhampton, were questioned on their locally produced food‐buying habits and attitudes in order to determine any differences in urban perceptions and buying attitudes compared with rural counterparts, and also to identify any new and potential opportunities for local food producers. Originally, 1000 questionnaires were obtained from across Greater Birmingham and Wolverhampton. However, for the purposes of this paper, it was decided to focus on two urban city centres – Birmingham and Wolverhampton, with 148 questionnaires. The results indicate that urban consumers are generally confused about what the term ‘local’ food means. The reasons for purchasing local food, while generally consistent with national patterns, differed in that supporting the local producers was not regarded as important. Barriers to purchase were largely unsurprising for an urban area, as the top choices were ‘too expensive’ followed by ‘not readily available’ and ‘no time to find it’. Understanding, information, availability and access to local food emerge as the biggest challenges to urban consumers in buying local food.     

农民非合理性消费行为的深层解读

农民消费行为合理与否受其自身的素质、消费环境、经济发展状况及政策制度等多方面因素的影响,其中经济、制度的导向作用是消费行为产生的基础性要素,部分农民的非合理性消费行为日渐凸显。从社会文化层面上剖析,农民非合理性消费的本质是消费异化,心理诱因是"社会遵从"与"心理补偿",其消极后果会削弱农民生产性投入、抑制农业经济发展,造成城乡消费水平和消费质量的"断层",不利于新农村建设的进一步推进。