进口竞争与多产品企业出口二元边际

运用2000~2006年中国工业数据库和海关数据库的匹配面板数据,本文研究了进口竞争与多产品企业出口二元边际的关系。研究发现:(1)进口竞争显著提高了多产品企业出口的集约边际和扩展边际,且对集约边际的促进作用更强;(2)区分贸易类型的研究发现,相比于一般贸易,进口竞争对加工贸易的边际促进效应更加显著;(3)分行业回归的结果表明,具有比较优势的行业,进口竞争对出口边际的促进效应更为显著。使用系统GMM模型控制可能存在的内生性,发现进口竞争对集约边际和扩展边际的促进作用依然稳健。     

内生创新、进出口行为与企业的绩效

企业创新能力与企业的绩效紧密相连。文章以异质性企业实证产业组织理论模型为基础,提出了全面测度企业内生R&D与进出口行为影响企业绩效的实证研究框架,探究了企业异质性与R&D的动态交互机制和企业绩效之间的相互关系。研究结论表明,企业进口的产品类别、R&D以及它们的交互机制,在提高企业的TFP的同时,能够显著地提高企业的价格加成。不同所有制结构下的效应明显不同。据此提出了优化异质性企业R&D投资组合和提升企业绩效的对策建议。     

Local User-Producer Interaction in Innovation and Export Performance of Firms

This paper studies the effects of local market attributes on local firms’ exports of innovations. Our starting point are three common hypotheses. First, innovations are a major determinant for the export performance of firms. Second, user–producer interaction is an important factor for successful innovations. Third, user–producer interaction is most efficient in close proximity. Taken together this would mean that intense local user–producer interaction increases exports. This reasoning contradicts a main proposition in international management that overt local responsiveness may be hampering export chances of a firm. In order to generate global innovations, an international firm should look at the world market instead, for instance by identifying the global common denominator of national preferences. Yet, many local innovations have become globally successful. This paper investigates the question to what extent local demand is capable of inducing innovations that are export effective. We utilize data from the German innovation survey of 4,786 firms in the manufacturing and service industries. In this survey firms were asked about the sources of their innovation and their export activities. We find evidence that the export orientation and the domestic demand structure stimulate export success.     

Barriers Inhibiting Export Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Firms

Abstract

This study uses a step-wise discriminant analysis to address two related questions. First, to identify those inhibiting factors perceived to be both important and difficult to counter when a firm is initiating an export program. Second, to address the criticism that the current export research has failed to differentiate between degree of importance and the level of difficulty that firm may encounter when entering foreign markets. Two-hundred and forty-two small and medium-sized Wisconsin manufacturing firms were surveyed. The findings identified three barriers perceived to be both important and difficult to overcome. However, they did not support the criticism that we must differentiate between the degree of importance and the level of difficulty.     

The Role of Firms in Resilient Systems: A Multi‐Level Framework

In this paper, we articulate a multi‐level resilience‐based framework explaining how firms facilitate stronger system‐level resilience. The framework stresses the importance of firm interdependence, describing how pooled versus sequential/reciprocal patterns of interdependence influence the resilience antecedents of diversity, slack, and redundancy. We argue that the inter‐firm practices of self‐governance and supply chain collaboration function to maintain resilience antecedents at more moderate and effective levels. This work builds on prior resilience research that has remained focused on either firm or system levels of analysis by stressing the value of firm interdependence as an important contingency for effective system resilience. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“邻居”异质性对出口企业生产率的影响——基于知识溢出效应的分析

文章基于新新经济地理学的视角,在镇(乡、街道)一级的尺度上考察了邻居对出口企业生产率贡献的影响,分层线性模型(HLM)估计显示出口企业生产率进步的确存在邻居的知识溢出效应,即邻居企业生产率(Ntfp)每提升1%,相应地促进本镇出口企业生产率增长0.24个百分点。更深层次地从邻居的行业异质性、空间异质性和资历异质性三个层面,多维度检验了邻居知识溢出效应的价值。从镇级邻居的行业异质性看,同行邻居的专业化知识溢出相比广义(非同行)邻居的多样性知识更加显著,前者生产率提升更能够促进同镇出口企业的生产率增长;进一步发现新邻居的新知识溢出对出口企业的生产率贡献相对显著。     

Export Premium,Self‐selection and Learning‐by‐Exporting: Evidence from Chinese Matched Firms

This study empirically focuses on examining the hypotheses of export premium (exporters are more productive than non‐exporters), selection‐into‐exporting (more productive firms are ones that tend to become exporters) and learning‐by‐exporting (new export market entrants have higher productivity growth than non‐exporters in the post‐entry period). The propensity score matching method is used to adjust for observable differences of firm characteristics between exporters and non‐exporters, allowing an adequate ‘like‐for‐like’ comparison. We also use the difference‐in‐difference matching estimator to capture the magnitude of different productivity growth between matched new export market entrants and non‐exporters in the post‐entry period up to two years. Drawing on 2,340 Chinese firms in the period 2000–02, we find evidence for export premium and self‐selection, and once the firm has entered the export market there is additional productivity growth from the learning effect, in particular in the second year after entry.     

Tumbling Auto Import and Export

The seemingly rebound global financial crisis has seri- ously eroded world economy from 2008, of which China＇s tumbling auto imports and exports business is a good example. At the beginning of 2008 it kicked off as an excellent year for the Chinese automotive market, but ended with the onset of a recession in last quarter both from the perspective of import and export.     

Long‐Term Orientation and Commitment in Export Joint Ventures among Small and Medium‐Sized Firms

Alliances may be an important tool for overcoming the resource and capability deficiencies facing small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), as they help strengthen their market position and facilitate access to new markets. In this paper we focus on domestic joint ventures (JVs) for export purposes. Our aim is to analyze the influence of partners' long‐term orientation on their commitment, while looking into the key antecedents of long‐term orientation: complementarity of partners' resources and trust. The hypotheses set forth are tested on a sample of 70 Spanish domestic export JVs. The data were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Our paper contributes to the literature on export JVs and SMEs by providing evidence that long‐term orientation reinforces commitment to devoting the necessary resources and efforts to enable the export JV to succeed. The results also indicate that trust decisively determines the long‐term orientation of the partners to an export JV, and that complementarity of resources plays a relevant role in the development of long‐term orientation by facilitating trust.     

Environmental Multi‐dimensionality and Staff Localization in Multinational Enterprises: The Case of Korean Firms

The person–environment fit theory posits that the term “environment” can be defined at different levels. This study delineates two environmental dimensions (strategic and organizational) and empirically examines the potential moderating effects of two strategic factors (intra‐ and inter‐regional diversification) on the relationship between two organizational factors (subsidiary ownership and host‐country experience) and MNE subsidiary staffing composition. The results indicate that strategic and organizational dimensions have impacts on subsidiary staffing composition. This study also finds that the interaction effects between strategic and organizational factors are significant only when there is congruence between demands from different environmental dimensions.     

Export Credit Guarantees and Export Performance: Evidence from Austrian Firm‐level Data

This paper provides an economic assessment of export credit guarantee commitments by the Austrian export credit agency, using firm‐level data on a cross‐section of Austrian exporting firms for the year 2008. In a first step, we explore various determinants of export guarantee usage. Results suggest that firm size, being part of a multinational enterprise, exposure to revenue risk and R&D intensity are important factors. In a second step, we investigate the effects of export guarantees on export performance. Identification is achieved using as instruments the exogenous determinants of export guarantee usage identified in the first step. We find that there are economically and statistically significant effects of export credit guarantee usage on firm‐specific export performance ranging from some 80 to 100 per cent compared with the control group of non‐users.     

Import and Export Growth Significantly Dropped

【正】China’s foreign trade in November 2014According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in November last year reached 2.2681trillion yuan,down 0.3...     

进口产品价格、出口产品价格与中国的进口产品价格波动

本文使用2005-2015年38个主要贸易国家(地区)以SITC 3分类下5位码细分的591种工业制成品,约9万个观测值,从不同收入类型国家、不同技术含量产品和不同时间段等角度,对进口产品价格对出口产品价格的影响进行了分析,在此基础上,进一步讨论了影响中国进口产品价格的因素。研究结果显示:进口产品价格的上升能显著促进中国出口产品价格的提升。来自低收入国家的进口产品价格对中国出口到此类国家产品价格的影响最大;来自高收入国家的进口产品价格对中国出口到非高收入国家产品价格的影响程度最大;中等技术产品进口价格对其出口产品价格的影响最大;2008年金融危机后,进口产品价格对出口产品价格的影响程度变大;进口中间投入品的价格对出口产品价格的影响最大;进口质量变动对出口产品价格的影响程度大于进口成本对出口产品价格的影响;进口产品市场份额、实际利率水平、研发投入和FDI是影响中国进口产品价格的重要因素。     

马达加斯加进口贸易法规

马达加斯加共和国位于非洲大陆东南的马达加斯加岛上,为世界第四大岛.面积62.7万平方公里,人口1580万.官方语言为法语,民间流行马达加斯加语.55%居民信奉原始宗教,盛行祖先崇拜,40%信奉天主教和基督教新教,少数伊斯兰教信徒.     

China's Import and Export in Statistics

Facts are often hidden in public statistics.With the records released by the Ministry of Commerce. we could discover the change and exact profile of China's import and export. Chart 1 Top Ten Export Provinces(Cities) (2008/01)Unit:US$100 million     

China＇s Import and Export in Statistics

Facts are often hidden in public statistics. With the records released by the Ministry of Commerce, we could discover the change and exact profile ofChina＇s import and export.