税收征管数字化与企业投融资期限错配

近年来,企业投融资期限错配问题日益成为各类系统性风险的导火索。本文利用金税三期工程作为准自然实验,以2011—2020年A股上市公司为研究样本,采用多期双重差分法检验税收征管数字化对企业投融资期限错配的影响。研究发现,税收征管数字化会加剧企业投融资期限错配程度,主要呈现为债务结构短期化特征。机制检验发现,税收征管数字化通过降低企业避税程度、财务稳定性和企业现金流水平进而加剧投融资期限错配。在数字金融水平越高、经济增长压力越小的地区和债务融资成本越低、高管有金融背景的企业中,税收征管数字化对企业投融资期限错配的加剧程度有所缓解。此外,税收征管数字化下的企业投融资错配行为会增加企业经营风险,损害企业绩效。     

产权、市场化与非上市企业的融资困境

本文通过探讨产权和市场化程度对企业面临的融资歧视和融资约束的影响,来揭示非上市企业面临的融资困境。结论如下:对于融资歧视,国有企业比民营企业有着更强的借贷能力,且市场化程度上升会促使企业优化债务期限结构,而国有企业更能利用这种优化债务期限结构的机会。对于融资约束问题,国有和民营企业均受融资约束影响,无显著不同。     

债务期限结构与公司过度投资关系理论分析

过度投资是公司非效率投资的典型表现之一。导致投资过度的公司治理因素有很多。之前中外不少学者在研究公司投资行为时均发现:公司治理因素中的债务期限结构、成长性与公司投资行为存在相关关系,然而研究得出的结论却不尽相同。导致中外研究结论不一致的根源可能是我国特殊制度环境下依然存在的预算软约束。而预算软约束的强弱程度与公司的性质密切相关,公司的国有性质将导致公司有更强的预算软约束。鉴于此,在区分公司性质的前提下分析我国的债务期限结构对公司过度投资的影响作用。     

数字金融能缓解企业投融资期限错配吗

将数字金融与企业投融资期限错配纳入统一分析框架,实证检验数字金融对企业投融资期限错配的影响,研究发现：数字金融的发展能够有效抑制企业“短贷长投”行为,并且该效应主要通过企业融资约束的缓解与信息披露质量的提升而实现;数字金融对企业投融资期限错配的有益影响在制造业、中西部地区、金融发展程度高、成长性高与治理水平低等样本中更为显著;数字金融对企业投融资期限错配的抑制作用能够有效提升企业投资效率与降低企业违约风险。本文研究结论对于挖掘数字金融经济潜能与推动企业资源合理配置具有一定的参考价值。     

国有商业银行管理中的软预算约束讨论

研究分析我国商业银行的软预算约束的表现形式、原因及对我国经济的负面影响，提出通过消除国有商业银行作为国有企业软预算约束体的角色、建立有效的金融市场退出机制和分散型银行结构等对策来硬化我国商业银行的预算约束。指出应利用四大国有独资商业银行改制的时机，采取配套措施解决国有商业银行软预算约束问题，从而更好的实现国有商业银行的全面改革。     

盈余管理与企业债务期限结构

以中国A股市场上市公司2001-2005年的经验数据为样本,实证分析了盈余管理对企业债务期限结构的影响,认为在我国企业的长期债务契约中普遍存在着盈余管理,而且盈余管理越多越容易获得长期借款;如果该企业是国有企业,其为了满足债务契约的保护性条款的盈余管理就变得不显著,这种现象的发生原因在于国有企业中存在着政治性贷款,且又存在预算软约束,故在银行与国有企业的债务契约中对会计信息的依赖会比较少,导致国有企业的盈余管理动机也削弱。由于受到债务契约条件的硬约束,非国有企业则存在着大量的盈余管理以获取长期借款。     

论刚性泡沫与地方债务——以地方投融资平台的转型为例

分税制改革后地方财力和事权不相匹配导致地方政府举债发展,而地方官员追求经济增长的短视效应导致债务不断累积。地方GDP增长的诉求和中央金融的严控这对矛盾催生出地方投融资平台,由于地方投融资平台有国家主权的刚性兑付和政府隐性担保性质,可以从银行获得大量低成本资金,金融创新不足也导致融资过于依赖银行贷款。投资的项目往往具有非营利性、回报周期长的特点,导致地方投融资平台面临极大的偿债压力,而将金融风险通过商业银行传导到全国的金融体系中。在供给侧改革中,地方性投融资平台失去了政府的信誉担保,将面临融资和投资双向枯竭的困境,文章将探讨地方债务居高不下的原因,以及地方投融资平台转型的举措。     

财政投融资的现状、问题和解决措施研究

财政投融资是当地经济建设的推动助力。 投融资公司作为地方政府的投资和融资平台,为当地经济和社会发展发挥关键作用。 一般而言,这些投资和融资公司顺利运作,债务风险也是可控的。 但是这些公司也有资金注入不足、债务比率高,融资担保资源不足、再融资困难,融资结构不够合理、间接融资占比大,法人治理机制不完整等问题。 因此,需要采取相应措施,促进地方政府财政投融资的标准化和健康发展,并防止地方政府债务危机。     

债务融资结构对公司绩效的影响——来自中国医药制造业的经验证据

以2013-2017年中国医药制造业A股上市公司为样本,建立债务融资结构与公司绩效的回归模型,从债务期限结构和债务资产期限匹配两个角度解释了债务融资结构的作用机制,并得出以下结论:医药制造业公司偏好短期融资,债务期限与公司绩效负相关;债务资产期限错配引起的"短贷长投"现象在医药制造业上市公司中实际存在,并且这种现象对公司绩效产生负面影响;杠杆率与公司绩效呈倒"U"型曲线关系,公司绩效随杠杆率增加而上升,当达到临界值时开始下降。启示:企业在考虑负债融资结构时,除了要考虑债务期限结构,还应考虑资产期限结构。对于医药制造业上市公司来说,杠杆率保持在29. 1%附近对公司绩效的促进作用最大。     

地方政府投融资平台问题研究

在中央政府与地方政府财政分权的分析框架下,指出我国的政府性债务总体风险可控,但债务率、偿债率指标表明地方债务风险较大。回顾我国地方政府债务融资向市场化演进的历史,分析历次融资模式变化的进步与局限。着重分析地方融资平台"权、责、利"不对等导致的"预算软约束"问题,认为"缺约束、不规范、低效率"的融资模式无法适应新的宏观经济形势的需要,提出了未来制度建设的政策建议。     

科技工作者权益保护认知与需求现状调查研究

加强科技工作者权益保护对于激发科技工作者创新活力,提升我国科技竞争力具有十分重要的意义。为更好地维护科技工作者权益,本文在对我国典型科技工作者群体开展访谈及问卷调查的基础上,考察了科技工作者权益保护认知状况以及权益保护需求状况。调查发现,我国科技工作者对自身权益认知程度普遍较低,维权意识相对淡薄;科技工作者对不同权益的关注程度存在差异,现阶段科技工作者最关心的权益为薪酬平等权和薪酬保障权、职称考核晋升知情权和身心健康相关权益,且不同科技工作者群体的权益保护需求存在显著性差异。在此基础上,本文提出了现阶段更好维护我国科技工作者权益的政策建议。     

Correlation of gender-related values of independence and relationship and leadership orientation

This study compares the relationship between the moral reasoning modes and leadership orientation of males versus females, and managers versus engineers/scientists. A questionnaire developed by Worthley (1987) was used to measure the degree of each participant's respective independence and justice, and relationships and caring moral reasoning modes. Leadership orientation values and attitudes were measured using the Fiedler and Chemers (1984) Least Preferred Coworker Scale.The results suggest that, although males differ from female in their dominant moral reasoning modes, managers are not distinguishable from the engineers/scientists they manage in terms of their moral reasoning mode or Least Preferred Coworker score.Clarence E. Butz is a Professor of Management in the School of Business and Management at Azusa Pacific University, California. Dr. Butz's teaching areas include general management, organizational behavior, and business ethics. Phillip V. Lewis is Dean of the School of Business and Management at Azusa Pacific University. He is the author of Organizational Communication (Gorsuch Scarisbrich, 1996) and Bank Ethics: An Exploratory Study of Ethical Behaviors and Perceptions in Small, Local Banks (Journal of Business Ethics, 11: 197–205, 1992).     

Comparative study of properties and acceptability of Haitian and US honey‐roasted peanuts

A honey‐roasted peanut product, flavoured with ginger and anise, was recently developed in Haiti in an effort to increase the consumption of locally grown peanuts. The objective of this study was to compare quality and consumer acceptability of the Haiti product with a traditional US‐manufactured brand. Haitian panellists (199) evaluated colour, appearance (dry/oily), crunchiness, peanut flavour and sweetness of the products using five‐point just‐about‐right scales. Colour (Minolta chromameter), hardness (TA.XT2i texture analyser fitted with a TA42 knife blade) and moisture (Denver IR‐30 moisture analyser), lipid (ethyl ether extraction) and sugar (Dionex DX‐500 high pressure liquid chromatography system) contents of the products were also determined. The Haiti product was significantly (P < 0.05) darker brown, harder and contained more (P < 0.05) sucrose and glucose but less (P < 0.05) lipid and fructose than the US product. Panellists indicated that crunchiness, peanut flavour and sweetness of both products were just right. The US product had acceptable appearance but was rated too light (hue angle = 69.6 ± 0.70, L‐value = 58.2 ± 0.47) in colour, whereas the Haiti product appeared too dry and dark (hue angle = 62.6 ± 2.79, L‐value = 44.6 ± 2.22). The Haiti peanuts were not deskinned, and their testae may have decreased the acceptability of the product's appearance and colour. The Haiti product was significantly (P < 0.05) just right to the female panellists and to the 21‐year plus panellists from all income groups. Deskinning of the peanuts and increased oil addition during roasting may improve the acceptability of the Haiti product, especially to 14–20 year olds. Decrease in sugar content may also make the Haiti product more appealing to this age group and to male Haitians.     

Schadenfreude and product failures: the role of product deservingness and product status

ABSTRACT

This article examines the influence of product considerations on the experience of schadenfreude – taking pleasure in the suffering of another consumer. We examine how schadenfreude is affected by the extent to which the person suffering a product failure deserves to own the product and the status of the failed product. This work also explicitly considers how these factors interact with those of the person observing the misfortune. These ideas are tested across three experiments. The results show that high product status increases schadenfreude via its exacerbating effects on envy and that a lack of perceived product deservingness increases schadenfreude via both envy and deservingness. These effects differ based on the corresponding factors of the observer where the observer’s own deservingness and lack of product status are found to exacerbate schadenfreude via envy.     

Conflict of Interest and the Talmud

A core value of Judaism is leading an ethical life. The Talmud, an authoritative source on Jewish law and tradition, has a number of discussions that deal with honesty in business and decision-making. One motive that can cause individuals to be unscrupulous is the presence of a conflict of interest. This paper will define, discuss, and review five Talmudic concepts relevant to conflict of interest. They are (1) Nogea B’Davar (being an interested party), (2) V’hiyitem N’keyim (behaving to ensure that one is above suspicion) (3) Lifnei Iver (placing a stumbling block before the blind), (4) Shokhad (accepting a bribe), and (5) Geneivat Da’at (deception and undeserved goodwill). Case examples will be used to apply these Talmudic principles to contemporary business practice. This will include discussion of these Talmudic concepts as it applies to specific contemporary business examples relevant to the boardroom, accounting firms, investment banking, politics, and government. It may be impossible to eliminate all conflicts of interest. However, knowledge and awareness of these Talmudic principles can help individuals in business settings better address the ethical issues that they confront. Joshua Fogel, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Business Program of the Department of Economics at Brooklyn College. He is the Business Program’s behavioral scientist. He has an interest in the interface of religion and business ethics and can be contacted at joshua.fogel@gmail.com. Hershey H. Friedman, PhD, is a Professor in the Business Program of the Department of Economics at Brooklyn College. He has interest in business ethics and also the interface of religion and entrepreneurship. He currently is funded with a grant by the Kauffman Foundation to study religion and entrepreneurship.     

Diffusion and Adoption of Good Science: Overcoming the Dominant Logic of NHST and the Reporting of Rubbish

ABSTRACT Purpose: This article describes and explains the arrival of the current tipping-point in shifting from bad-to-good science. This article identifies Hubbard (2016a) as a major troublemaker in attacking the current dominant logic supporting bad science, that is, null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST) in management science.

Focus: Crossing the tipping-point is occurring now (2016–2017) from bad-to-good in the behavioral and management sciences. Because of the occurrence of supporting conditions, continuing to ignore the vast amount of criticism of bad science is no longer possible. Bad science includes the pervasive use of directional predictions (i.e., “as X increases, Y increases”) and NHST. The time is at hand to replace both with a good science: computing with words (CWW) to predict outcomes accurately and consistently, constructing models on a foundation of complexity theory, and testing models using somewhat precise outcome testing.

Recommendations: Achieving parsimony does not equate with achieving simplicity and the shallow analysis of only predicting directional relationships. Researchers need to build the requisite variety into models and predict precise outcomes. Doing so requires recognizing the relevancy of equifinality (alternative configurations occur that indicate the same outcome), sign reversals, and causal asymmetry tenets of complexity theory. Testing for predictive validity of models using additional samples is a must.

Managerial implications: Executives benefit from learning that CWW accurately is possible; do not accept models of only directional predictions; demand substance in research findings; look at the XY plots of CWW complex antecedent statements and both simple and complex outcomes that you need to know about (e.g., purchase behavior).     

Service value chains and effects of scale

This paper generalizes Porter’s notion of the value chain for the analysis of service industries. The generalization entails that the flow and the physical transformation and assembly of goods that are characteristic of manufacturing are generalized into flows and transformation of data and flows and transformation of the physical and mental condition of people that are characteristic of many service industries. Utility is generalized from the utilities of forms and function of goods, characteristic of manufacturing, to the utilities of time, place, convenience, speed, safety, entertainment, physical and mental well-being, knowledge and mental capacity, funding and assurance. The analysis yields a categorization of industries according to central features of the value adding process. Here, the analysis is used to identify sources of (in)efficiency of scale, scope and experience, along the value chain.

Motivators and enablers of SCOURing: A study of online piracy in the US and UK

Sharing Copyrighted or Unauthorized Replications (SCOURing) is a common activity among some 80 million online file-swappers. Unfortunately, SCOURing is also an illegal activity. A better understanding of SCOURing could help to mitigate its practice. To that end, results from an empirical study of US and UK consumers suggest SCOURing is explained by motivations (justification, believed pervasiveness by peers, believed risklessness, and experiential reasons) and ability (tech-savviness). If true, then companies' efforts to reduce SCOURing by legal action or trying to educate consumers about the victims of SCOURing may be ineffective.     

Chinese and British consumers’ evaluation of Chinese and international brands and factors affecting their choice

This paper examines Chinese and British consumers’ evaluations of Chinese, and international brands, and factors affecting their brand choice. The results support recent findings of a decline in Western brands’ preference in China. But, these are attributed to several factors. The findings show country of origin does not affect Chinese brand choice, has a great effect on British choice between Chinese and other brands; brand value, and brand familiarity influence Chinese choice whereas brand reputation, and brand trust determine British choice. Implications for Chinese domestic and international expansion strategies, demographics’ influence, and cultural differences are discussed.     

Effect of Customers' and Suppliers' Perceptions of the Market Orientation of Manufacturing Firms on Channel Relationships and Financial Performance

ABSTRACT

This study is designed to investigate the effect of customers' and suppliers' perceptions of the market orientation of manufacturing firms on customers' and suppliers' trust in, cooperative norms in, and satisfaction with the relationship with the manufacturing firm. The findings from a sample of 72 matched sets of suppliers, manufacturing firms and customers in industrial channels in the Netherlands reveal that the perceived market orientation of manufacturing firms engaged in channel partnerships has a positive influence on customers' and suppliers' levels of trust in, cooperative norms in, and satisfaction with the relationship. This study further investigates the effect of the customers' and suppliers' trust in, cooperative norms in, and satisfaction with the relationship on the financial performance of the manufacturing firm. The results reveal that customers' and suppliers' cooperative norms in the relationship positively influence the manufacturing firm's financial performance. Customer's and supplier's trust in and satisfaction with the relationship have no effect on the manufacturing firm's financial performance.