探讨土地财政下的地方政府债务风险

近年来在国际经济环境不景气和国内需求乏力的背景下,为了保持经济稳定增长、社会安定,地方政府纷纷采取了天量的投资计划。然而,在地方政府庞大的经济刺激背后,却是主要以土地相关收入作为偿债保障的地方债务规模的急剧扩大,风险日益突出。本通过描述了当前的土地财政现状,并分析了其风险来源,希望引起地方政府的重视。     

探讨土地财政下的地方政府债务风险

近年来在国际经济环境不景气和国内需求乏力的背景下,为了保持经济稳定增长、社会安定,地方政府纷纷采取了天量的投资计划。然而,在地方政府庞大的经济刺激背后,却是主要以土地相关收入作为偿债保障的地方债务规模的急剧扩大,风险日益突出。本通过描述了当前的土地财政现状,并分析了其风险来源,希望引起地方政府的重视。     

地方政府债务融资的风险控制——基于土地财政视角的分析

地方政府的债务融资对发展中国家的城市化进程具有非常重大的意义,但是在债务融资的过程中必须控制地方政府的债务风险。我国地方政府高度依赖土地出让收入偿债使得土地财政的风险与地方债务的风险交织在一起,增加了地方政府债务风险控制的难度。本文对地方政府债务融资的运行情况和地方政府依靠土地经营城市的发展模式进行了分析,发现以土地为杠杆借债融资的模式可能由于国内外经济形势的变化暴露出显性风险,而在完善地方政府债务融资的法律和监管机制的同时需要启动相应的财政和税收体制改革,使地方政府的融资行为走上更加理性和规范的道路。     

地方财政隐性债务风险问题研究

在社会主义市场经济条件下，经济领域的各种公共风险都有可能转化为财政风险，直接关系到国民经济持续、快速、健康的发展。尤其是地方财政隐性债务风险，已经严重影响到地方财政的正常运转。此文通过对地方财政隐性债务风险的形成机理、传导机制和表统形式的研究，探讨防范和化解风险的政策性和制度性措施，对我省防范财政隐性债务风险有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于或有债务的财政风险及防范

财政风险是指由于财政运行环境发生变动,而导致政府无力提供基本公共产品和公共服务以及发生法律支付违约的可能性。本文借助风险矩阵将地方财政风险分为直接显性负债、直接隐性负债、或有显性负债和或有隐性负债,在此基础上分析了或有债务的内涵及其形成财政风险的机理,并提出防范建议。     

政府债务与财政风险的区别与联系探究

在政府运行中,债务风险和财政风险的防范要以区分风险差异为切入点,明确风险要点,制定可行的风险防范策略。本文分析了政府债务风险与财政风险的区别与联系,并提出风险防范策略。     

浅谈地方政府性债务对地方财政运行的风险与对策

目前各县乡地方政府债务数额巨大,包袱沉重,财政风险进一步扩大,也然影响到县乡政府行政的正常运转。加强政府性债务的管理和化解对建设诚信社会、诚信政府具有重要的基础性作用。本文从县乡地方政府性债务规模巨大带来的财政运行风险出发,分析了地方政府性债务产生的原因,继而提出债务管理和化解的对策。     

浅谈地方政府性债务对地方财政运行的风险与对策

目前各县乡地方政府债务数额巨大,包袱沉重,财政风险进一步扩大,也然影响到县乡政府行政的正常运转.加强政府性债务的管理和化解对建设诚信社会、诚信政府具有重要的基础性作用.本文从县乡地方政府性债务规模巨大带来的财政运行风险出发,分析了地方政府性债务产生的原因,继而提出债务管理和化解的对策.     

财政分权、政府会计制度和政府债务风险:基于跨国面板数据的研究

近年来,政府债务问题持续引起各界关注.本文从财政分权、政府会计制度与政府债务风险的关系出发,结合\"一代\"财政分权理论和\"二代\"财政分权理论的主要观点,通过31个样本国家2000-2015年的跨国面板数据,实证分析了政府会计权责发生制记账基础改革在财政分权体制下对政府债务风险水平的影响,并分别检验了不同综合治理水平国家影响的差异性.研究发现:(1)一国财政分权程度越高,其政府债务风险增长水平越高;(2)权责发生制政府会计记账基础改革在与财政分权体制的共同作用下,对控制政府债务风险有显著的促进作用.基于此,本文提出以下政策建议:落实并细化中央与地方共同财政事权和支出责任划分改革方案,加快政府会计准则体系的建设进程,确保政府财务数据的客观性和可比性;构建债务管理和政府财务报告信息衔接机制,全面反映政府财力结构和科学核算财政来源,完善财政资金约束制度体系;结合国际通用债务负担指标,科学设计政府财政纪律标准,积极推进政府综合财务报告的披露公开工作.     

浅谈建筑施工企业债务风险管控

本文结合建筑施工企业的债务特点,提出了建筑施工企业债务风险管控思路,并从确定合理债务比率、优化债务结构、增强偿债能力、强化成本费用控制等方面论述了建筑施工企业债务风险管控的具体措施。     

地方债放行:制度配套与有效监管

地方政府发债问题在讨论数年后再一次成为人们关注的焦点。本文从评价2009年财政部代发2000亿元地方债制度设计入手,介绍了地方债监管制度较为成熟的美国和日本的经验做法。在此基础上,系统阐述了我国地方政府直接发债所需的技术准备与制度配套,并从法律监督、行政监控和市场监管三个层次构建了地方债运行的风险防范体系,最后提出了基于我国国情的地方债渐进式开放模式。     

International Debt Shifting: The Value-Maximizing Mix of Internal and External Debt

Abstract

We study the capital structure of multinationals and expand previous theory by incorporating international debt tax shield effects from both internal and external capital markets. We show that: (i) multinationals’ firm value is maximized if both internal and external debt are used to save tax; (ii) the use of internal and external debt is independent of each other; and (iii) multinationals have a tax advantage over domestic firms, which cannot shift debt across international borders. We test our model using a large panel of German multinationals and find that internal and external debt shifting are of about equal importance.     

地区竞争、土地供给结构与中国城市住房价格

为了分析地区竞争下地方政府间土地供给结构的策略互动及其对住房价格的影响,本文在归纳梳理中国土地供应法规特征的基础上,构建一个同时考虑居住用地需求和工业用地需求的两城市模型,探讨地方政府干预土地供给结构的动机及其经济后果,并基于2006—2015年城市面板数据对提出的理论假说进行检验。研究发现,在城市建设用地总量受约束的条件下,地方政府有激励以减少居住用地为代价提高工业用地供给,进行招商引资竞争;与市场起主导作用的情形相比,地方政府干预土地供给结构时,工业用地的供应量更高,居住用地的供应量则偏低,工业地价与居住用地的价格差异增大;地方政府对土地供给结构的干预,从供给和需求两方面共同推高了房价。此外,地方政府干预土地供给结构会影响到相邻地区的供地策略。研究对加快推进房地产市场长效机制改革、从供给侧解决高房价问题具有启示意义。     

Positive and Negative Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Leverage, and Idiosyncratic Risk

Existing research on the financial implications of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for firms has predominantly focused on positive aspects of CSR, overlooking that firms also undertake actions and initiatives that qualify as negative CSR. Moreover, studies in this area have not investigated how both positive and negative CSR affect the financial risk of firms. As such, in this research, the authors provide a framework linking both positive and negative CSR to idiosyncratic risk of firms. While investigating these relationships, the authors also analyze the moderating role of financial leverage of firms. Overall, analysis of secondary information for firms from multiple industries over the years 2000–2009 shows that CSR has a significant effect on the idiosyncratic risk of firms, with positive CSR reducing risk and negative CSR increasing it. Results also show that the reduction in risk from positive CSR is not guaranteed, with firms having high levels of financial leverage witnessing lower idiosyncratic risk reduction.     

Corporate governance reforms and our regulatory future

It is undeniable that the global financial crisis (GFC) has been a catalyst for regulatory change. Whether these policies and regulatory changes are good or bad, whether they will help or hinder growth, and whether they can effect proper balance between growth and effective risk management, the reality is that significant regulatory changes have been proposed and many have already been adopted and implemented. Business leaders may argue that the proposed policy and regulatory choices are both bad policy and bad economics, but the conclusions reached from the GFC is that the status quo was unworkable, and is certainly now politically unpalatable. Corporate governance reforms have arisen as a result of the global financial crisis. This article examines a slew of trends and changes in the wake of the GFC.     

The crisis of Japanese retailing at the turn of the millennium: a crisis of corporate governance and finance

The year 2000 saw a sudden rise in failures of prominent Japanese retailers. With problems of corporate finance and governance being pointed out as early as the 1970s, the recent problems as well as the continuous rise of companies up to then have to be explained. This article contends that a major explanatory factor is the weakening of the existing stable relationships between retailers and financial institutions. Banks functioned as lenders, shareholders and providers of management resources. Changes in the banking sector led to changes in the relationship at the end of the 1990s. Problems in corporate governance surfaced that might result in a major reorganization of the Japanese retail scene.     

Firm Size,Source of Finance,and Growth - Evidence from China

Using a comprehensive firm-level data set from China spanning the period 1998–2005, this study investigates the relationship between firm size, financing sources, and total factor productivity growth. Controlling for the endogeneity of financing sources, we find that firm size plays an important role in the way financial structure affects the growth process. Domestic bank loans are more effective for bigger firms, while self-raised finance is more beneficial to smaller firms’ growth. We also uncover evidence that ownership mediates the relationship between firm size, finance, and growth.     

企业社会责任:测定、策略及其影响

企业承担社会责任是社会进步和可持续发展的必然趋势。企业对于社会责任的选择和履行对劳动力市场、公共基础设施建设和消费者选择都有重要影响。企业承担社会责任意味着企业要从以前单纯追求自身利益最大化转变为在追求利益最大化的同时,兼顾到其利益相关者甚至社会的利益。要做到这点企业必须从两个方面出发:内部要给员工及其利益相关者创造和谐氛围;外部要对环境、公共事业、社会稳定担负相应责任。社会责任对企业并不仅仅是负担,也会给企业带来诸多益处。