基于绩效评价的农民工返乡创业行为研究

农民工返乡创业行为对农村、农业经济发展的影响,可以通过农业发展方式转变的指标来衡量,农民工对农业发展方式转变的推动作用可以通过返乡创业时产生的更好的经济效益值、社会效益值、生态效益值表现。通过对农民工返乡创业所产生的经济效益值、社会效益值、生态效益值分别给予不同偏好权重系数,本文建立了农民工返乡创业行为绩效评价模型,政府根据此模型能够对农民工返乡创业行为绩效作出评价,并在此基础上找到扶持与否、给予不同扶持力度,以及引导农民工返乡创业行为优化的理论依据与政策含义。     

经济转型背景下农民工返乡创业发生机制研究

在我国经济转型背景下,农民工返乡创业意愿催生于农民工现代意识的提升.而随着农民工参照系从农民转移到市民,受城乡二元体制、低端分工就业制约和对未来出路的担忧,选择创业是获取稳定的生活际遇、经济效益和体面生活的最好方式,而返乡创业则是在个体资源禀赋约束下的有效途径.农民工返乡创业的方式具有明显的手段导向理性,扶持政策的制定应基于这一现实的基准来展开.     

农民工返乡创业企业成长影响因素研究

基于企业资源基础理论视角,本文利用江西省126家农民工返乡创业企业的调查数据,以及多元有序Logistic模型,实证分析了影响农民工返乡创业企业成长因素,认为物质资本对农民工返乡创业企业的成长影响最大,人力资本也有较大影响,而组织资本的影响并不明显。另外,创业者性别、社会地位对返乡创业企业成长有显著影响,而企业规模则是通过人力资本的路径对企业成长产生间接影响。     

农民工返乡创业政策满意度影响因素分析

通过实证分析农民工返乡创业政策满意度的影响因素,发现作为中间变量的创业培训评价、创业园区评价、用地优惠评价、简化工商登记评价、信贷扶持评价、信息咨询评价、税收减免评价直接影响农民工返乡创业政策满意度,初始变量中除30-39岁年龄、家庭人均收入、兄弟姐妹数、地理位置、离乡镇远近及村居民收入水平直接影响返乡创业政策满意度外,40-49岁的年龄、婚姻、文化、家庭人口数等因素间接影响农民工对返乡创业政策的满意度。     

中西部地区农民工返乡创业支持体系研究——以安徽省阜阳市为例

受2008年金融危机及我国沿海地区产业结构调整的影响,中西部地区农民工纷纷返乡创业,成为推动欠发达地区县域经济发展的重要力量。在分析农民工返乡创业支持体系影响因素的基础上,通过对中西部地区农民工创业现状的调查,结合Logistic回归模型,针对研究结论,提出了从政策环境、创业培训、金融服务、风险预警等方面促进中西部地区农民工返乡创业更好更快发展。     

返乡农民工创业行为影响因素分析——以湖北、山西两省的实地调查为例

农民工返乡创业作为解决农民就业问题和发展农村生产力的重要途径,已成为当前社会关注的焦点。通过实地问卷调查湖北、山西两省的返乡创业农民工,利用因子分析和Logistic回归模型等研究方法对其返乡创业行为及其影响因素进行实证检验。结果显示农民工的个体特征、家庭特征、创业素质和外部创业环境对其创业行为的影响具有显著差异,并根据此结果提出针对性的政策建议。     

湖北省返乡农民工创业动机的多维度测量研究

农民工返乡创业对于协调区域经济发展、缓解城乡发展不平衡等都具有重要意义。文章通过主成分因子分析的方法,探讨湖北省返乡农民工创业动机的心理结构,提出了物质追求、精神追求、家庭影响、社会影响四因素动机模型。采用聚类分析的方法对返乡农民工创业动机的模型进行检验。文章最后对创业动机的内在结构进行了分析,并根据实际情况,提出了吸引和扶持外出务工人员返乡创业的政策建议。     

论农民工返乡创业现状及对策研究

近几年,许多曾经在全国各大中城市或沿海发达地区务工经商的农民工,陆续带着技术、项目、资金返回到自己的家乡创业,农民工返乡创业对社会主义新农村建设的贡献巨大,对农村城镇化的影响深远。目前,农民工返乡创业在取得了一定成绩的同时,也面临着重重困难。本文分析了农民工创业的现状,找出了目前存在的主要困境,并从政府政策环境和农民工自身条件两方面提出了引导和扶助农民工返乡创业的对策建议。     

农民工返乡创业的地方政府公共服务体系研究

国际金融危机以来,农民工返乡创业步伐明显加快,创业不仅带动了就业,也推动了农村经济的发展,促进了社会的和谐稳定。但是,农民工返乡创业仍然面临自身素质、政策、公共服务等众多制约,地方政府必须加大力度,构建农民工返乡创业政府支持体系,助推农民工返乡创业。     

新形势下农民工返乡创业支持体系的构建研究——基于海南省的实证分析

我国社会主义市场经济体制改革与现代化建设已进入深水区。站在新的历史起点,"三农"问题仍然是优质城镇化的负影响因素。随着城乡环境改善,农民工返乡创业步伐加快,逐渐成为农村经济发展的亮点和新的增长点。本文结合当下海南省部分农民工返乡创业现状,运用SWOT分析法对创业过程中的影响因子进行梳理,提出建构一个以返乡创业农民工为主体,由政府主导、社会参与、企业扶持和亲友支持的囊括了政策支持、教育支持、资金支持、服务支持和情感支持五个子系统的农民工返乡创业支持体系。     

家族企业社会责任与企业绩效:内部能力与外部关系的调节效应

文章利用浙江和重庆两地351家家族企业调查数据,在将家族企业社会责任区分为内部人责任、外部人责任和公共责任的基础上,实证检验了家族企业社会责任与企业绩效关系及内部能力和外部关系的调节效应.结果显示:第一,高内部能力(制造能力、吸收能力)家族企业内部人责任对绩效的影响更大;高吸收能力家族企业公共责任对绩效的影响更小;具有丰富外部关系(高密度、大范围关系网络)家族企业外部人责任对绩效的影响更大.第二,高内部能力家族企业中,内部人责任对绩效有显著的正向影响,公共责任对绩效有显著的负向影响.低吸收能力家族企业中,内部人责任对绩效有显著的负向影响;具有低密度关系网络家族企业中,内部人责任对绩效有显著的正向影响,公共责任对绩效有显著的负向影响;具有大范围关系网络家族企业中,公共责任对绩效有显著的负向影响.     

Coming out of conflict: How migrant entrepreneurs utilise human and social capital

This paper examines how human and social capital influences the entrepreneurial activity of migrant entrepreneurs, with special reference to forced migrants due to conflict. The study uses Riinvest Migrant’s Survey data collected at the end of 2008 and beginning of 2009 to estimate the probability of entrepreneurial activity among Kosovan migrants. The findings demonstrate that host networking (foreign spouse and foreign language fluency) exerts a positive effect on entrepreneurial activity of migrants, while co-ethnic networking is found not to be important. We show that migration experience has a positive impact on the probability of entrepreneurship. Exposure to host country (both measured as years in migration and age) increases probability to start a business. Educational qualifications in the country of origin before migration do not have any influence on entrepreneurship, while specific business training in the country of residence has a positive impact. Contributions to scholarship on migrant entrepreneurship and policy approaches to mobilise them are discussed.     

Should businesses use religious cues in advertising? A comparison of consumer perceptions across Christianity and Islam

While religious cues are used in advertising efforts, research has yet to adequately understand perceived motives behind such religious cue use and how this influences consumers’ evaluations of a brand. Thus, this research addresses this gap through two studies examining cue measures, businesses’ motives for using cues, consumer affect, and brand evaluations. Specifically, Study 1 (an exploratory study) explores evaluations and associations evoked by religious cues representative of Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Study 2 narrows down the focus to Christianity and Islam to probe the outcome of religious cue use on businesses employing them in their advertisements. Specifically, Study 2 finds that consumers perceive businesses’ motives behind religious cue use as primarily trying to reach a specific target market but also as trying to witness and communicating reverence to God. Surprisingly, religious cue condition (Christian, Muslim, or none) did not directly influence business evaluations. Further analysis revealed that when affect toward the ad with religious cue was included in the model, that Muslim cue condition had a significant influence on affect, and such affect significantly influenced business evaluations. Interestingly, no similar effect could be established for the Christian condition. Discussion builds on the theory of visual rhetoric. Implications for marketing practice are also provided. The studies are limited by data collection only in the United States.     

International Export Orientation and Firm’s Performance: Evidence from Enterprise Survey Data of India

This study aims at analyzing the performance of firms by international export orientation vis-à-vis domestic orientation, based on World Enterprise Survey Data of 9,281 firms of India. Simple statistical techniques such as chi-squared test, ANOVA, and regression model have been used to analyze the data with the help of SPSS version 20.0. Chi-square statistics indicate that there is significant difference in enterprise characteristics by business orientationdomestic versus export-oriented businesses. Result of the ANOVA indicates a significant difference in business performance between export versus domestic orientation of firms in terms of sales and employment growth rates. Export-oriented enterprises perceive comparatively fewer obstacles than domestic enterprises. Regression analysis indicates that enterprise characteristics, performance indicators, and business obstacles have influence on export orientation of the firms. This study provides insights on differences in firms’ performance across business orientations and factors affecting the internationalization of business. This study can be helpful in designing policies for promoting export-oriented enterprises in a focused manner.     

How Corporate Parents Add Value to The Stand-Alone Performance of Their Businesses

Corporate parents have the potential to add value to their businesses through their influence on the stand-alone performance of the businesses, but for a variety of reasons, including what we call the 10% versus 100% paradox, they more often destroy value instead. This article examines four companies, Dover, BTR, Emerson and RTZ, which succeed in creating value through stand-alone parenting influence, and draws out the conditions necessary to do so. These are that (1) there should be a genuine parenting opportunity to improve the performance of the business, (2) the parent should have skills, management processes, and other characteristics that are suitable for realising the opportunity, and (3) the parent should have sufficient feel for the critical success factors in the business to avoid inadvertently destroying value through inappropriate influences.     

The Effect of Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility on Environmental Performance and Business Competitiveness: The Mediation of Green Information Technology Capital

With the emergence of environmental sustainability and green business management, increasing demands have been made on businesses in the areas of environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR). Furthermore, the influence of ECSR on green capital investment, environmental performance, and business competitiveness has also been the subject of attention from enterprises. However, in previous studies, the mediating role of green information technology (IT) capital in the relationship between ECSR, environmental performance, and business competitiveness, has not been investigated by researchers. In order to bridge this gap in the ECSR literature, this study aims to examine the influence of ECSR on green IT capital, and the consequent effect of green IT capital on environmental performance and business competitiveness. Data were collected from 358 companies from the top 1000 manufacturers in Taiwan. The results confirmed that ECSR has significant positive effects on green IT human capital, green IT structural capital, and green IT relational capital. Green IT structural capital and green IT relational capital have positive effects on environmental performance and business competitiveness, and environmental performance has a positive effect on business competitiveness. In addition, green IT structural capital and green IT relational capital have partial mediating effects on ECSR, environmental performance, and business competitiveness. The implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Vietnamese values,networks and family businesses in London

The article explores the so-called Confucian values associated by Hofstede and Bond (1993) with competitive advantage in business and investigates the role of ‘trust’ and ‘trusted networks’ amongst the Vietnamese of London. It investigates the extent to which distinctive cultural attributes can be detected in the ways this Overseas Vietnamese community has adapted to London, and how the Vietnamese either resemble or differ from another migrant community with whom they share a common history, namely the Overseas Chinese. The study explores the extent of Confucian influence on core values and how these may account for the relative success of Vietnamese businesses in London. The findings support the idea that the cultural inheritance of the Vietnamese has conferred a competitive advantage in business activity, but this is not exclusively Confucian.     

基于组织环境的中小企业人力资源管理行为实证研究

组织环境因素对企业人力资源管理行为的选择有着十分重要的影响,但现有的这方面理论基本上是来自于对管理比较规范的大企业的经验研究。本文以181家中小企业为样本,分析了企业规模、企业战略、与大企业的联盟关系等三个组织环境因素对中小企业人力资源管理行为的影响。研究结果表明:企业战略、与大企业的联盟关系对我国中小企业人力资源管理行为的选择影响显著,而企业规模对中小企业人力资源管理行为影响较小。     

Businesses without glamour? an analysis of resources on performance by size and age in small service and retail firms

Research on factors influencing performance in new and small companies is extensive. Earlier work found that strategies (e.g. cost, quality, differentiation, etc.) affected performance contingent on industry conditions, the environment, and the entrepreneur’s background. Although this work provides a solid basis for understanding differences in entrepreneurial performance, some firms are limited in their choices of strategy due to size, age, or industry. Often these firms are in industries where entry barriers are low and competitive advantages are easily imitated.Small service and retail businesses operate in sectors where these conditions are apparent. Comprising more than 50% of all small firms, they require minimal start-up investments but face intense competition. Lacking the “glamour” of high innovation/high growth firms, service and retail companies are at the “end” of the value chain, their fortunes rising and falling as a result of the direct influence of the owner-founder. Hence, performance variation may be better explained by the capabilities of the firm or individual competencies of the owner-founder, that is the resource-base and resource combinations, rather than strategy.The strategic importance of an organization’s resources and capabilities is the foundation of resource-based theory. Resources are tangible and intangible assets tied to the firm in a relatively permanent fashion. Their combinations are heterogeneous and form the basis for product/market strategies. Studies of resources, strategies, and performance are emerging in the entrepreneurial area. Research shows that various resources in concert with different strategy types can lead to above average performance over the business life cycle, and that combinations of resources are related to survival. Yet the vast majority of work focuses on high growth, high tech, or manufacturing businesses. Less is known about the relationships of resources to performance in less “glamorous” sectors. In these small service and retail businesses, we speculate that resources, in particular human and organizational resources, may play a greater role in explaining performance than strategy. Further, as other authors have suggested, it is expected that the combinations of these resources will vary across age and size.This study examines the influence of human and organizational resources on performance in a sample of 195 service and retail firms operating in central New Jersey, using a structured questionnaire. All companies utilized a focus strategy (either focused cost or focused differentiation) and employed a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 100 employees. All measures had theoretical and/or empirical precedent and were tested statistically for reliability. We used factor analysis to reduce the independent variables to: two human resource variables (owner resources and commitment), one organizational resource variable (comprised of planning, systems, and staff skills), and one strategy variable (focused cost and focused differentiation). Control variables were business age, business size, environmental benignness, and industry growth. The dependent variable performance was measured in two ways: net cash flow and log of growth in employees over 3 years.The study first examined whether strategy or resources had a greater influence on performance. Results showed that strategy influenced performance less than human and organizational resources both individually and interactively. The influence of owner resources (background and attitudes) on net cash flow was stronger than on growth, where the only significant variable was industry (market) growth.To analyze effects of resources on performance by size, we divided the sample by size groupings, selecting the smallest (maximum five employees) and largest quartiles (minimum 16 employees), which were comprised of 55 and 50 companies, respectively. These analyses showed that owner resources, commitment, and organizational resources contributed positively to net cash flow in very small firms; however, interactive effects of these resource combinations were negative. For instance, owner resources and organizational resources together, and organizational resources and commitment together, resulted in less positive cash flow than when analyzed separately. This implies that different resource combinations can have negative influences in these very small firms.We examined age effects in the same manner as size—dividing the sample into age group quartiles and conducting an analysis only for very young (fewer than 5 years) and very old (minimum 19 years) groups, which comprised 54 and 52 companies, respectively. These analyses showed that although growth was more rapid among the youngest firms, there were no distinctive resource-based correlates to growth in either age group. Substantive increases in formalized systems and procedures were not apparent among the oldest of these companies compared with the youngest, contrary to previous work showing the evolution of these over business life cycles.Results of this study are applicable only in the context of service and retail firms, and, readers should note this sample was nonrandom and geographically concentrated. Our purpose was not to predict, but describe associations between resources and performance. This study shows that, for firms in competitive industries at the end of the value chain, type of strategy is less important than resource combinations for certain types of performance. Human and organizational resources are associated with more positive cash flow, whereas industry and market factors are related to growth. These results imply that firms seeking growth are best served by selecting and entering growth markets and industries. On the other hand, if strong positive cash flows are the primary objective, attention to combinations of resources is more important. For instance, owner-founders having a strong business and managerial background, and industry experience will need less formalized systems, whereas those owner-founders with weaker managerial resources might benefit from more formalized procedures and skilled staff.