汽车相关消费税改革对于构建节约型社会的影响

消费税在引导、调节消费，促进产品、产业结构调整，缓解收入差距进一步拉大、调节收入分配，充分发挥税收环保功能等方面都具有十分重要的作用。基于此，本文以汽车相关消费税为例，通过2006年以来的三次与汽车消费税相关的改革，用实证的方法评价三次消费税改革对于汽车消费结构的影响，分析汽车相关消费税改革存在的不足，提出今后改革的方向。     

是否应该征收含糖饮料消费税? ——基于消费税职能的探讨

基于我国减税降费背景下消费税理应秉持的职能定位,本文对征收含糖饮料消费税可能产生的影响展开定量分析.结果表明:征收含糖饮料消费税能够为政府的消费税收入带来至少2％的增幅,同时可以降低居民的能量摄入和体重;尽管存在微弱的收入分配负效应,相对于含糖饮料过量摄入引起的健康负外部性导致的经济损失,征税带来的收益比较可观.本文建议将含糖饮料消费税作为引导居民健康饮食消费的一个切入点,通过逐步扩大税目的方式最终形成契合我国国情的不健康食品消费税.     

消费税在消费结构中的调节作用

消费税作为我国流转税系中三大主体税种之一,在我国税制中占有十分重要的地位。其在消费结构中的调节作用主要体现是在对消费行为、对不平等的收入分配、以及在保护环境、节约资源等方面具有导向和调节作用。今后,我国应继续加大对"双高"征税,克服消费税制的计税不足,进一步扩大消费税征收范围和提高非生活必需品的税率,从而更好地发挥消费税在消费结构中的调节作用,调节经济结构。     

生育对女性收入的影响研究

本文基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS2016)数据,全面考察子女数量对女性收入的因果效应.根据研究显示,中国实施"二孩政策"之后,女性的生育意愿提高,女性如多生育一个孩子,收入会显著降低14.1％,而生育对男性的收入没有显著影响.如果"二孩政策"的实施达到预期的政策目标,那么女性的收入很可能随生育率的提高而下降,从而扩大...     

消费税政策改革的取向探析

消费税是具有较强调控能力的税种,通过调整消费税征收范围和税率可以达到调节收入分配、扩大消费需求和环境保护三方面的目标.近年,国家将消费税政策调整作为扩大内需的一项举措,旨在通过调整课税范围和税率结构,实现对国内消费总量和结构合理调节.本文在回顾我国消费税历史进程和进行国际比较的同时,提出政策改革的相关建议.     

调控优先，兼顾收入：进一步完善我国消费税制度

消费税是我国税收中的一个主要税种，具有调节经济和获取税收收入两大基本功能。本针对我国消费税实践中存在的问题，提出调控优先，兼顾收入的消费税体制完善的远期目标和扩大税基、调整部分税目税率、加强征管的近期对策。     

基于理论和计征环节的中国现行消费税税基诠释——兼论现行制度的缺陷与改进

本文从价内计税与价外计税、含税价格与不含税价格、等特殊纳税业务的"组成计税价格"方面,分别对中国现行消费税税基进行了诠释,以理论和计征两个视角从深度上强化了对消费税特质的理解与认识,避免对消费税产生理解上的偏差和认识上的误区,并指出现行消费税税基存在的缺失及相应的改进建议.     

中国传统社会的累退性税制结构——基于帕累托分布的讨论

为了分析中国传统社会税制结构的基本特征及其再分配效应,本文构建了一个简单的新古典模型:通过代表性家庭的生产函数和税负函数,揭示了中国传统社会税制结构的税负累退性;借助于帕累托分布函数,对家庭拥有的土地、家庭税前收入和税后收入的基尼系数进行了理论估算,并对税负参数的再分配效应进行了理论分析和数值模拟。主要结论包括:(1)只要基于"丁"或"户"的税负不为零,那么中国传统社会的税制结构就必定是累退的;(2)不论哪种税收负担,均有扩大收入差距的作用,但基于"丁"或"户"的税收负担对家庭纯收入的基尼系数有更大的影响;(3)技术进步,不仅可以减轻税负累退性,而且有助于缩小收入差距。     

收入来源多样性、退休与家庭旅游消费的关联性分析

人口老龄化的加速到来对劳动力市场和消费市场都产生了重要的结构性影响.如何缓解退休带来的收入递减效应,提振退休家庭消费需求引发了学者们的持续关注.文章基于CFPS数据库数据,实证检验了收入来源多样性、退休与家庭旅游消费之间的关联性.研究表明,退休不利于低收入和社保"乏力"家庭旅游消费支出增长,但有利于高收入和社保健全家庭...     

可持续发展视角下完善我国消费税的必要性分析

消费税是对特定商品或劳务在特定环节征收的一种流转税,其突出特征是“寓禁于征”。近年来,随着全球资源环境问题的凸显,以及各国内部贫富差距的逐渐扩大,各国政府非常重视通过课税对象的选择和差别税率的设计等制度安排改革其消费税制度。本文主要基于可持续发展的视角分析完善我国消费税的必要性,以使其更好的发挥其调节收入分配、促进节能环保的重要作用。     

税负转嫁视角下商品税对居民消费影响的实证研究

本文借鉴ELES模型,利用横截面数据对我国不同收入等级的城镇居民八类消费性支出进行了微观模拟,对其需求的价格弹性进行测算。在此基础上,分析了居民在消费支出过程中承担增值税、消费税和营业税的情况,对税负转嫁的方式和力度进行了实证评估。结果发现,我国商品税不具有明显的累退性,商品税“中性”特点显著。但在不同收入阶层之间税收负担份额是不同的,居民税收负担与商品税征税范围、税率等要素高度相关。基于此,提出要逐步降低商品税比重、进一步扩大“营改增”范围、完善消费税功能、以及将价内税改为价外税等政策建议。     

企业所得税税负归宿与收入分配

企业所得税对收入分配具有重要影响,本文将企业所得税税负归宿问题内生化来研究其对收入分配的影响,使用2010年的数据研究企业所得税的税负归宿发现,相对于国家实际征得的企业所得税,资本要素承担了超过100%的税收负担,而劳动要素在我国企业所得税的税负归宿中受益;在收入分配方面,企业所得税具有一定的累进性,能够减少城乡之间、城乡不同收入群体之间的收入分配差距.本文的研究表明,企业所得税对不同收入群体收入的影响大体呈倒U字型分布,因此,降低企业所得税虽然可能导致收入分配进一步恶化,但有利于提高最低收入阶层收入占国民总收入的比重;提高企业所得税虽然有利于调节收入分配,但应注意配合其他措施提高低收入者收入.     

Cigarette Consumption in Different U.S. States, 1955–1998: An Empirical Analysis of the Potential Use of Excise Taxation to Reduce Smoking

The use of excise taxation as a tool for financing part of Medicaid and national health care costs as well as for discouraging smoking behavior was a major political issue in the 1980s and early 1990s. It failed to gain Congressional support despite a significant increase in both federal and most state tax rates over the past twenty years. Annual data and OLS techniques are used to analyze the demand for cigarettes in the 50 states and the District of Columbia over the period from 1955 to 1998. Results show the demand for cigarettes to be relatively price inelastic. However, the estimates indicate more elasticity for high tax states than for low tax states. The price inelastic coefficient of the aggregate demand suggests that the main impact of taxation is likely to result in increased revenues to states rather than in directly reducing tobacco usage. The ultimate impact on smoking usage depends on how these increased revenues are spent and whether they become directed at smoking reduction. Cigarette demand is also found to be income inelastic, which implies that the tobacco industry has been growing less rapidly or even declining relative to the rising trend of the per capita disposable personal income in many states.     

增值税“扩围”对城镇居民收入分配影响分析

通过微观模拟方法,就1995—2010年增值税"扩围"对城镇居民收入分配格局的影响进行模拟测算。结果显示:就整体影响而言,增值税"扩围"对收入分配的逆向调节有所减弱;就增值税和营业税各自的累进性而言,对低收入者的负面影响均较大,且消费项目间调节的差异较为明显。在继续实行增值税"扩围"的过程中,需要考虑消费项目对居民收入分配所可能产生的潜在影响,非对称地调整行业间税负。     

The impact of monetary and tax policy on income inequality in Japan

This paper assesses the effects of the most recent monetary policy behaviour of the Bank of Japan (in particular, zero interest rate policy and negative interest rate policy) and Japanese tax policy on income inequality in this country during the period of 2002Q1 to 2017Q3. The vector error correction model (VECM) that develops in this research shows that increase in money stock (m1) through Quantitative Easing (QE) and Quantitative and Qualitative Easing (QQE) policies of the BOJ significantly increases the income inequality. On the contrary, Japanese tax policy was effective in reducing the income inequality. Variance decomposition results show that increasing of income inequality by monetary policy is larger when comparing to decreasing effects of tax policy on income inequality. Cointegration and VECM results show that monetary policy has both short-run and long-run impacts but for tax policy paper could not find any significant short-run impact on income inequality. In addition, paper found that technological progress only in long-run can reduce the income inequality by increasing the marginal productivity of labour with positive impacts on employment and wages.     

Impacts of state laws on the consumption of wine per capita

Wines are exempt from the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, as are tobacco and firearms. Each state can regulate the commerce including the taxation, pricing, and authorized sales agencies of such products. This paper examines the impact of taxation levels and other regulations on the consumption of wine per capita in six selected states. Each state is composed of a different set of consumers who react differently to tax levels and retail price levels, as well as product availability. In general, sales tax and excise tax on wine were found to have decreasing impacts on wine consumption. Greater product availability made possible by relaxation of off-sale authorization regulations had an increasing impact on wine consumption.     

海峡两岸对所得避免双重征税的法律构造

台湾地区"所得基本税额条例"的第12条第1项第1款自2010年1月1日起生效,确立了属地兼属人的混合税收管辖原则,使得海峡两岸税收管辖权的冲突问题凸显,也为构造对所得避免双重征税的法律制度提供了重要的实践契机。中国大陆开征的个人所得税与企业所得税和台湾地区开征的综合所得税与营利事业所得税的纳税人和征税对象绝大部分重合,这就使得海峡两岸对所得双重征税存在很大的可能及避免之必要。两岸对所得避免双重征税的法律制度,包括大陆与台湾地区的单边抵免规则和两岸短期内必须谈签的双边税收安排。     

我国个人所得税流失问题

个人所得税是我国财政收入的主要来源之一。然而,在我国现行税制中,个人所得税却被公众认为是税收流失最严重的税种。个税流失严重不仅使财政收入损失巨大,而且还加剧了个人收入分配不公的状况。因此,进一步加强个税的管理和征收办法,加强税法宣传,提高公民自觉纳税的意识是改善我国个税流失状况的有效途径。     

Tourism Promotion,Increasing Returns and Domestic Welfare

This paper compares the effect of tourism promotion funded by commodity tax and income tax on domestic welfare in an open economy with increasing returns in the tourism and the non‐tourism sector. A promotion may overcome the under‐production of tourism goods through taking account of the implications of increasing returns, but at the same time, the taxation may have an adverse impact on the rest of the economy. Employing a general equilibrium analysis, we find that the cost of tourism promotion overcomes the benefit, reducing local residents' welfare. Furthermore, commodity tax on tourism consumption is relatively more efficient than income tax in a monopolistic competition, with less adverse impact on the variety of non‐tourism goods. We also clarify the condition for deteriorating ‘terms of trade’, which only happens when the country has a small allocation of factor endowments.