执法力度加大 质量有所提高——河北省审计厅1996年全省审计质量检查情况综述

执法力度加大质量有所提高———河北省审计厅１９９６年全省审计质量检查情况综述继１９９５年全省范围的审计质量检查之后，１９９６年全省审计机关按照新修订的《１９９６年河北省审计质量检查实施方案》，在各市审计机关自查的基础上，对４个市、５３个县（市）区审计...     

城河建材市场漫笔

城河建材市场漫笔□本刊记者沈惠忠周福田金色的长江三角洲，有颗仙鹤衔来的明珠，那就是全国百强县（市）之一的启东市。市府所在地汇龙镇南市区，有个被誉为“启东第一村”的江苏省先进集体———城河村。崛起在这块热土上的现代化村庄都市城河街，有个投资近３０００万...     

CQC——中国进出口商品质量认证中心

ＣＱＣ———中国进出口商品质量认证中心中国进出口商品质量认证中心（ＣＱＣ），是由中国进出口商品生产企业质量体系（ＩＳＯ９０００）工作委员会依照ＩＳＯ１００１１和ＥＮ４５０１２评定认可、在国家商检局注册的认证机构，并在各省、市、自治区设有３４个分支机构...     

同江市财政困难的原因及对策

同江市位于黑龙江与松花江汇合处南岸,北隔黑龙江与俄罗斯哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区相望,边境长１６６公里,是我国沿边开放带上重要的口岸城市,国家一类口岸,也是国家确定的６３个重点粮棉和畜牧基地之一和国家级贫困县。同江是全国“六小”少数民族之一的赫哲族的主要聚居地。同江是贯穿我国南北的大动脉公路———“同江至三亚”公路的起点。全市总面积６１６４平方公里,总人口１５万,辖区内有４个镇８个乡、６个国营农场。１９６６年建县,１９８７年撤县建市,由于历史等诸多原因,我市经济基础十分薄弱,农业抵御自然灾害能力差,工业效益低下,一…     

B to B营销中客户关系层次发展及其营销策略

依据马斯洛德需要层次理论把BtoB营销中客户关系层次描述为四个发展阶段:基础阶段———合作阶段———相互依存阶段———集成阶段,并对这四个发展阶段的关系特征进行详细深入的分析,在此基础上提供了一个企业———客户关系层次的判断方法,同时提出了在各个阶段推动客户关系从低层次向高层次发展的营销重点与营销措施,其目的是在营销过程中促进企业———客户关系的良好发展,共同提升企业利润和客户利益,最终实现企业和客户的双赢。     

尼比尔小城掠影——访欧杂感之二

经过１０个小时漫长的飞行，飞机终于降落在德国的法兰克福机场，稍事休息，又转机赴汉堡。出机场时，已夜幕降临，一辆豪华中巴，把我们一行拉向一个我早已不辨方向的小城。到达这次出访的第一站———尼比尔市时，已是当地时间晚上８点时分，而我手腕上的表的指针却已指...     

全面推进消灭无标生产工作——在全国消灭无标生产工作暨试点县(市)经验交流会上的讲话(摘要)

全面推进消灭无标生产工作———在全国消灭无标生产工作暨试点县（市）经验交流会上的讲话（摘要）国家技术监督局局长李传卿从１９９５年部署全国消灭无标生产工作试点至今，已经两年多了。两年来，消灭无标生产试点工作得到试点县（市）政府高度重视，受到企业普遍欢迎...     

新准则对会计信息质量的影响

近日 ,财政部正式颁布了新制定的《企业会计准则———无形资产》、《企业会计准则———租赁》、《企业会计准则———借款费用》三项企业会计准则。同时还对《企业会计准则———现金流量表》、《企业会计准则———债务重组》、《企业会计准则———投资》、《企业会计准则———会计政策、会计估计变更和会计差错更正》以及《企业会计准则———非货币性交易》五个具体准则作了修订。这将使我国会计信息质量得到更进一步的提高。一、债务人的重组收益计入资本公积 ,杜绝了利用“重组”获取利润的行为。债务重组准则原规定以公允价值作为…     

“土地神”伸手被擒——德兴市银城镇土地办主任贪污案侦破记

去年５～６月间,江西省德兴市纪律检查委员会、德兴市人民检察院反贪局不断接到群众匿名举报信,反映有职、有权、又有钱的“土地爷”———德兴市银城镇土地办主任俞××等人以权谋私,贪污土地征用费的大问题。引起了德兴市纪委领导的高度重视。７月５日,市纪委书记亲自在举报信上作出批示。市纪检委、市审计机关,派员速会同银城镇纪委组成联合调查组,进行深入查处。清扫外围７月１０日,由市纪委分管副书记带领的调查组根据举报信中的线索,紧锣密鼓地展开了外围调查工作,７月１１日,调查组兵分两路：一路直插检察院反贪局查阅俞的…     

生物科技名词解释

氨基酸———构成蛋白质的基本单位。大约有20种不同的氨基酸。细胞用氨基酸来制作蛋白质。细菌———单细胞生物中的一类。生物过程———通常在活细胞或生物体中进行反应的过程。生物技术———运用生物开发新产品的技术。细胞———一切活的生物体中能够独立生长、繁殖的最小结构单位;一个细胞是由一个四周用膜包裹的活物质团组成的。染色体———细胞核中用显微镜可见的棒状体。由DNA组成的染色体含有完整的生物遗传信息。密码———构成某一特定性状指令的DNA碱基顺序。脱氧核糖核酸(简称DNA)———由脱氧核糖(一种糖)、磷酸和含氮…     

电子音乐流派的社会变革(英文)

从社会和政治变化、电子音乐流派的发展,形成了电子音乐,科学和技术的发展对电子音乐有重大的影响。他们是四个不同历史时期的发展——未来派,法西斯主义,达达派、电子音乐的时期。从最早使用:麦架,嘘声,窃窃私语,爆炸等。音乐和表达感情的表现,在阶级斗争,政治变革和经济危机、发展迅速的电子音乐,用在许多不同的零件,例如播放音乐、电影、电视等,都成了一个必不可少的组成部分的音乐市场。     

The Geography of Innovation in China and India

The BRICS countries in general, and China and India in particular, are now widely regarded as the areas of the world likely to challenge the economic leadership of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). A large part of this challenge will come from rapid technological catch‐up by China and India. Yet, despite a recent rise in interest, there is limited knowledge about how and where innovation takes place in these two leading emerging countries and to what extent the Chinese and Indian territorial systems of innovation differ from those in the EU or the US. In this article we explore the geography of innovation in China and India, concentrating on understanding key territorial‐level innovation trends by country, region and technology field, using the US and the EU as benchmarks. We find significant contrasts between the geography of innovation in China and India and that of the US and the EU. First, the degree of concentration of innovative activities in both countries is extremely high. Levels of agglomeration of innovation in the coastal provinces of China, as well as in Delhi and the South of India, significantly exceed the levels of agglomeration found in the USA and the EU. Secondly, China has witnessed a more rapid increase in the degree of concentration of innovation than India. We posit that the differences in the geography of innovation between, on the one hand, China and India and, on the other hand, between these countries and the developed world are rooted in different institutional settings, different systems of innovation and different national innovation strategies.     

WHAT'S TO KNOW ABOUT THE CREDIBILITY OF EMPIRICAL ECONOMICS?

The scientific credibility of economics is itself a scientific question that can be addressed with both theoretical speculations and empirical data. In this review, we examine the major parameters that are expected to affect the credibility of empirical economics: sample size, magnitude of pursued effects, number and pre‐selection of tested relationships, flexibility and lack of standardization in designs, definitions, outcomes and analyses, financial and other interests and prejudices, and the multiplicity and fragmentation of efforts. We summarize and discuss the empirical evidence on the lack of a robust reproducibility culture in economics and business research, the prevalence of potential publication and other selective reporting biases, and other failures and biases in the market of scientific information. Overall, the credibility of the economics literature is likely to be modest or even low.     

Engineering Cities: Mediating Materialities,Infrastructural Imaginaries and Shifting Regimes of Urban Expertise

This symposium opens up new critical insights and analytical perspectives into the relationships between power, politics, materiality and urban engineering. In so doing it demonstrates the central role of engineers in the production and negotiation of everyday life in the city. In contrast to the technocratic exercise engineering often professes to be, the contributors to this symposium argue that the assembling and choreography of cities through the myriad techniques, routines, standards and visions of engineers is inextricably bound up with broader socio‐cultural, material and political urban dynamics and processes. This necessitates investigating the multiple and competing social imaginations, forms of knowledge and regimes of expertise associated with urban engineering. The symposium's five articles, straddling disciplinary backgrounds in geography, anthropology, engineering and history, focus analytical and empirical attention on the figure of the engineer and on the work of engineering in the cities of Paris, Mumbai, Singapore and London. Engineering, we suggest, is a diagnostic for probing the shifting forms of mediation that animate and inhabit contemporary dynamics of urban change. The symposium thus opens up a new avenue for cross‐disciplinary and transregional research for urban studies while also suggesting innovative ways of conceptualizing urban transformation and contestation.     

浅论保险与理财

随着财富的增加,人们越来越意识到保险的重要性,但是许多人仍不清楚保险与理财的关系,以及如何使用保险产品。本文从保险与理财的关系出发,阐述了保险规划的流程,并详细分析了保险理财中应注意保险的本质、功能、社会保险的意义、购买保险的目的以及把握购买时机等问题。     

Bourdieu Comes to Town: Pertinence,Principles, Applications

This article frames the themes of the two‐part Interventions section ‘Bourdieu Comes to Town’. I first establish the pertinence of Bourdieu's sociology for students of the city by revisiting his youthful work on power, space, and the diffusion of urban forms in provincial Béarn and colonial Algeria. In both cases, urbanization is the key vector of transformation, and the city, town, or camp the site anchoring the forces dissolving the social fabric of the French countryside and overturning French imperialism in North Africa. These early studies establish that all social and mental structures have spatial correlates and conditions of possibility; that social distance and power relations are both expressed in and reinforced by spatial distance; and that propinquity to the center of accumulation of capital (economic, military, or cultural) is a key determinant of the force and velocity of social change. Next, I discuss four principles that undergird Bourdieu's investigations and can profitably drive urban inquiry: the Bachelardian moment of epistemological rupture, the Weberian invitation to historicize the agent (habitus), the world (social space) and the categories of the analyst (epistemic reflexivity); the Leibnizian‐Durkheimian imperative to deploy the topological mode of reasoning; and Cassirer's command to heed the constitutive efficacy of symbolic structures. The plasticity and productivity of his concepts suggest that Bourdieu can not only energize urban inquiry but also merge it into a broader analytic of the trialectic of symbolic division, social space, and the built environment. This paves a pathway for reconceptualizing the urban as the domain of accumulation, differentiation and contestation of manifold forms of capital, which makes the city a central ground, product, and prize of historical struggles.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

控保建筑价值确定的影响因素与估值探索——以苏州为例

控保建筑作为一种特殊的房地产类型,在价值(价格)的评估方面有其特殊原则、特别考虑因素和特有估价方法和途径,实施估值的人员必须站在较长时间序列的背景下,在充分了解和掌握建筑物的文化背景、历史背景、技法背景的前提下,从建筑本体和外部两个角度,给予历史、艺术和科学的价值估算。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.     

新时期城市空间的流动特征

基于新时期城市所面临的全球化、信息化与城市化共同作用的多重发展背景,从城市空间出现的距离消失、新边界产生、功能混合与城市空间多维化等转变的研究出发,分析了新时期城市的办公、居住、商业与工业等功能空间流动的新特征。