我国企业集团跨国经营之对策选择

<正> 企业集团实现跨国经营是世界各国大公司的普遍经营方式。随着国际经济一体化的发展,跨国经营也将成为国际经济的一种必然发展趋势。而企业集团跨国经营的高层次发展,需要设计符合自身实际的跨国经营内部组织管理机构,制定指导跨国经营的战略方针,选取适合本国的经营战略,并制订科学的策略。     

试论我国企业跨国经营的战略选择

进入21世纪后，跨国经营环境日趋复杂，国际竞争越来越激烈。中国企业如何增强自身实力，实现跨国经营：如何走向世界，应对国外跨国公司的竞争和挑战，学会有针对性地选择制定跨国经营战略就显得特别重要。本文对此进行了初步探讨。     

企业跨国经营中的贴牌战略

企业跨国经营中品牌战略的选择决定着企业跨国经营的基本方式和路径,是企业跨国经营总体战略的重要组成部分.与传统的创牌战略不同,以广东格兰仕(集团)公司为代表的一批新兴企业,充分发挥企业的比较优势,通过OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer,俗称贴牌生产)的方式,使产品走向国际市场,创出了另一条跨国经营的成功之路.贴牌战略给我国企业带来了难得的机遇,同时也对企业的长期发展提出了种种挑战.     

Organizational flexibility in Australia

This paper presents a typology that distinguishes two types of flexible organizations based on the clarity of purpose and the extensiveness of formal rules. The analysis shows that these forms of flexibility are related to whether organizations engage with their environments reactively or strategically. One form (strategic flexibility) is evident in a 'goal-directed' type of organization (having clear goals but low levels of formal rules), and the other can be observed in an informally-organized type (lacking clear goals, and with limited formal rules). These are compared with two other types: formally-organized (clear goals and extensive formal rules); and rule-governed (lacking clear goals, extensive formal rules). An analysis of a sample of fifty organizations shows clear differences between the four types with respect to contextual factors; environmental conditions; strategy and structure; and integrative mechanisms.     

大型钢铁企业组织结构的规模效率分析

首先,分析了我国钢铁行业发展的特点,认为产品结构不够完善、行业集中度较低以及企业规模偏小是我国钢铁企业面临的主要问题,而规模是造成上述现状的根本原因;国际钢铁业已进入由大企业集团主宰的国际市场化阶段,我国钢铁企业需要扩大规模,增加在国际竞争中的话语权。其次。围绕企业的规模运作,运用经济学模型对产业链的大规模企业生产模式进行了分析,从理论视角论证了企业扩大规模的动机以及规模优势产生的机制和所需条件。大型组织结构优势产生的机制在于,通过生产及运营要素的优化整合实现合理分工协作,从而降低运营成本,提高企业的竞争力。此外,对钢铁企业采用的组织结构特点和运营模式进行了探讨,一元式的组织结构能够发挥职能分工所带来的效率,然而高度的集权特征不适用于超大规模企业的管理决策。控股公司和事业部结构体现了规模化后组织结构由集权向分权转化的趋势,但在运行中面临的效率障碍在于无法消除部门机会主义．分权后权威统筹机构的缺位以及传统的规模企业应当分权的逻辑需要企业重新思考。在上述分析基础上提出．钢铁企业在实现形式上的规模化后,需要考虑技术任务特征、信息处理以及权力的分化整合之间的平衡,构造合理的控制机制以保证规模优势的实现。     

在华跨国公司人力资源本土化分析

随着跨国公司加大在华研发投入力度,跨国公司人才本土化已成必然趋势。文中从多个视角分析了跨国公司人力资源本土化的动因以及我国具有的综合区位优势,提出了我国企业应对策略：应高度重视国内人力资源的开发,加大研发投入力度,通过与跨国公司展开合作竞争,不断学习、吸收其先进技术与管理方式,从而提高本土企业的竞争力。     

The interplay between learning strategy and organizational structure in predicting career success

The institutionalization of management development and the money spent on it is in sharp contrast to the importance attached to what we know about how managers learn and whether it helps them to get promotion, given the specific organizational context in which they work. We therefore examined career success as a complex positive or negative function of the individual's learning strategy and the organization's structure. One hundred and twenty-seven managers from three government-related organizations completed a questionnaire. A deep learning strategy, characterized by a focus on meaning and relations, fosters career success, especially in a lowly specialized context. In contrast, a surface learning strategy, characterized by a focus on instructions and facts, hampers career success, especially in a highly integrated context. The findings strongly suggest that management development programmes need to be made to measure, taking into account both how the manager learns and how the organization is structured.     

浅析在华跨国公司的人力资源管理

自改革开放以来,越来越多的跨国公司来华进行投资,但由于环境、文化等背景的不同,许多跨国公司在人力资源管理方面遭遇到一些问题,包括思想观念、招聘、培训、业绩考核以及薪酬五个方面的问题,它们的存在严重阻碍了跨国公司在华的发展。     

论家族企业的发展及中国家族企业的变革

家族企业在全球经济发展中起着重要的作用。由于国家文化不同,各国的家族企业也存有异同。文章首先讨论了家族企业的定义及发展,然后分析了国外家族企业及国内家族企业的发展、运作特点、变革及存在的问题;最后,结合东方管理思想及中国特色,从产权安排、治理结构、管理文化等方面提出了中国家族企业的发展及变革方向。     

浅析跨国公司在华逃避社会责任原因与对策

戴尔"血汗工厂"事件再次使跨国公司在华社会责任问题引起全社会关注。少数跨国公司在华逃避社会责任,其原因一方面是企业为了追求利润最大化,不惜牺牲社会责任;另一方面是我国法律制度不完善,监督不到位,跨国公司钻了制度的漏洞。为此,建议一方面跨国公司自觉维护自身形象,增强责任意识;另一方面政府加强法制建设与企业社会责任的宣传与监督,引导与规范跨国公司社会责任的落实。     

Extending beyond borders: Multinational companies and the international management of labour

The paper investigates the potential consequences of MNCs' globalizing strategies for the management of labour, drawing on findings from a survey of employee management among MNCs operating in the UK. It finds clear evidence of transnational forms of management organization, including in the personnel sphere. But it also underlines that moves to globalism are uneven. Structures and policies to develop international management teams were found primarily among certain types of MNC. Most striking was the extent to which MNCs are actively engaged in the management of non-managerial employees at international level. Seven out of every ten companies monitored labour performance across sites in different countries. The broader significance of this finding lies in the business decisions which flow from the use of such information. As MNCs develop continental production strategies, pressures on local workforces, keen to attract future investment, for performance improvements are likely to intensify. These developments pose considerable challenges for labour which remains primarily local and national in its organizational focus.     

全球烟草管制与跨国公司的游说活动

各国对烟草业的管制都经历了对烟草危害性的逐步认识过程。跨国烟草公司为了维护其商业利益和优势,不断游说各国政府以影响其控烟政策的实施。近年来,烟草业管制出现的新趋势使跨国烟草公司感受到了巨大的压力,不得不另辟财源以降低烟草经营的风险。     

Multinational Enterprises and the Competitiveness of Transitional Host Economies

Abstract

The paper re-examines a hypothesis that multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries in Poland make a significant contribution to host country competitiveness by raising overall export performance. Multiple indicators based on UNCTAD methodology are used by the authors to analyze Poland's export competitiveness and link this competitiveness to MNE subsidiaries export propensity and innovativeness. They find a confirmation of the positive impact of MNEs on the Polish export sector that has substantially strengthened the country's capacity to compete in world markets and speeded up the transition process to the market-led system.