跨国公司在华R&D对我国企业技术创新的影响研究

跨国公司在华R&D对中国企业的技术创新影响颇为深远,其影响具有两面性:溢出效应和挤出效应并存.扩大溢出效应,抑制挤出效应是各国所追求的目标.本文从跨国公司在华R&D投资的特征、动因为出发点进行分析,研究其对中国企业带来的影响情况,对挤出效应给出了对策.     

吸收能力与技术结构双重机制下服务业国际溢出效应研究

运用因素变量与技术无效联合估计生产函数的随机前沿模型,根据2003~2013年中国服务业省级面板数据,首先分析了人力资本、政府干预倾向、研发能力以及不同国际溢出渠道单独影响下国际溢出作用于服务业技术效率的效用;其次研究了吸收能力与技术结构的交互式影响下各国际溢出效应的作用机制和途径。结果表明,人力资本的直接效应和间接效应均能够提升区域服务业技术效率水平,政府干预倾向对服务业技术效率水平提升影响不大,国内研发资本存量需在国际溢出效应的共同作用下提升服务业技术效率水平。各吸收效应对不同渠道的国际溢出有着不同程度的改善,技术结构效用的发挥需根据不同国际溢出渠道和吸收能力内容进行差异性匹配和调整。     

FDI技术溢出途径下的溢出拦截机理及对策

基于FDI技术溢出途径和机制,立足于技术属性的视角,从技术复杂性、技术隐性、技术成熟度和政策因素四个维度,探索了不同技术溢出途径和机制的影响因素,并审视了跨国公司可能作出的反应。研究表明:开放市场与提高学习能力应统筹兼顾。传统制造业主要以低成本嵌入发达国家采购商主导的全球价值链。在高新技术产业中,政府应支持和鼓励其本土跨国公司,尤其是民营性质的跨国公司与国外大型采购商、主导企业合作与联系。对FDI所进入的行业进行评估,以免形成外资垄断。运用上述研究成果,文章对我国种业和汽车业FDI技术溢出效应的机理进行了实证检验。     

FDI技术溢出途径下的溢出拦截机理及对策北大核心

基于FDI技术溢出途径和机制,立足于技术属性的视角,从技术复杂性、技术隐性、技术成熟度和政策因素四个维度,探索了不同技术溢出途径和机制的影响因素,并审视了跨国公司可能作出的反应。研究表明:开放市场与提高学习能力应统筹兼顾。传统制造业主要以低成本嵌入发达国家采购商主导的全球价值链。在高新技术产业中,政府应支持和鼓励其本土跨国公司,尤其是民营性质的跨国公司与国外大型采购商、主导企业合作与联系。对FDI所进入的行业进行评估,以免形成外资垄断。运用上述研究成果,文章对我国种业和汽车业FDI技术溢出效应的机理进行了实证检验。     

跨国公司知识溢出质量特性与本土集群企业国际化成长关系研究——基于吸收能力调节效应的视角

新国际分工背景下,跨国公司主导的全球价值链已成为知识溢出的有效载体。本文旨在通过引入吸收能力的调节效应来探寻跨国公司知识溢出质量特性作用于本土集群企业国际化成长的微观机理。以苏州地区制造业集群企业为样本的实证研究结果表明,跨国公司知识溢出质量特性和本土集群企业吸收能力均对本土集群企业的国际化成长有显著的正向影响,而吸收能力对跨国公司的知识溢出与集群企业国际化成长之间则存在显著的调节效应。为此,要调整政府利用外商投资的政策取向,提高集群企业的吸收能力,以增强跨国公司知识溢出效应及其对本土集群企业国际化成长的促进作用。     

我国利用FDI技术溢出效应中存在的问题与政策建议

由于技术具有广泛的外溢性,引进FDI,与跨国公司开展卓有成效的合作,是发展中国家获得技术、提高创新能力的重要渠道。本文分析FDI在华技术溢出效用,提出了我国利用技术溢出效应中存在的一些问题和几点建议。     

外商直接投资技术溢出效应分析与利用

外商直接投资作为当今世界技术转移最重要的载体之一,其溢出效应是推动东道国经济发展的重要动力。本文在深入分析技术溢出效应的产生渠道及其制约因素的基础上,对我国如何强化和利用FD I技术溢出效应提出了相关政策建议。一、FDI技术溢出渠道分析技术的溢出分为技术的水平溢出和垂直溢出,水平溢出是由于同行业之间的相互竞争、相互学习产生的。垂直溢出是企业在与上、下游企业的合作过程中产生的。一般认为,FDI技术溢出效应主要通过以下途径来实现:(一)当地企业通过与跨国公司的前后向关联得到技术。跨国公司与当地供应商、分包商、客…     

论跨国公司在华直接投资的技术溢出性 ——基于技术势差角度分析

本文基于技术势差的角度探讨了跨国公司在华直接投资的技术溢出机制及其技术溢出效应,并根据技术溢出机制及效应提出了扩大跨国公司在华技术溢出的途径以及加快我国技术进步的措施.     

FDI技术溢出不同渠道下的影响因素研究

我国吸收大量的外商直接投资,首要目标便是利用其在我国的技术溢出效应。然而,现有研究发现FDI的技术溢出效应不是自发产生的,它受到东道国相关因素的影响。因此,探讨FDI技术溢出效应的影响因素具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。由于FDI技术溢出是一个涉及多个因素的复杂变量,是FDI不同技术溢出渠道下各种因素相互作用的结果。因此本文主要结合FDI技术溢出的四种渠道,找出影响FDI技术溢出效果的最关键的因素。     

外商直接投资技术溢出的效应

上世纪90年代末期以来，越来越多的跨国公司直接在华设立研发中心。目前世界各发展中国家纷纷采取措施，大力引进外资，一般认为，以跨国公司为主导的外商直接投资是先进的技术和管理经验的综合体，它会给东道国带来技术溢出效应，从而带动本国产业发展。所谓溢出效应，是指跨国公司在实现技术的当地化过程中由于技术的非自愿扩散，促进当地企业技术和生产力水平的提高。各国都在寻求各种方法使溢出效应最大化，以进一步带动本国技术的进步。本文主要分析溢出效应发生的各种途径，为溢出效应的最大化提出一定的依据。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.