独立董事对信息披露的博弈分析

本文从博弈的角度出发,就上市公司与独立董事在信息披露方面进行了博弈分析,分析了独立董事监督上市公司时所考虑的成本因素,只有当独立董事制度充分发挥作用,成为一种纳什均衡时,独立董事制度才会发挥效用.     

国内上市公司大股东与独立董事的博弈分析

针对目前上市公司董事会运作不规范、独立董事的作用缺乏充分发挥的问题,本文通过对上市公司在上市时和上市后两个阶段聘用独立董事时,大股东与独立董事的博弈分析,找出其问题产生的部分根源,并提出解决改变独立董事的聘任方法、建立独立董事责任保险制度等建议。     

谈监督会计信息质量对成本因素的分析

本文从博弈的角度出发,就上市公司与独立董事在信息披露方面进行博弈分析,分析了独立董事监督上市公司时所考虑的成本因素。     

独立董事薪酬制度的经济学分析

我国的独立董事制度的发展尚处于初级阶段,上市公司独立董事的薪酬问题一直是争论的焦点,集中体现在两个问题上:一是上市公司是否需要对独立董事支付薪酬;二是薪酬支付的水平应如何确定。本文首先对上市公司是否需要对独立董事进行薪酬激励进行博弈分析,认为上市公司需要对独立董事支付薪酬;其次分析薪酬水平对上市公司效用的影响,以初步确定薪酬支付水平。然后得出结论:上市公司应当建立科学的独立董事薪酬制度,并确立恰当的薪酬支付水平。     

基于演化博弈视角的上市公司独立董事履职能力研究

自独立董事制度引入中国上市公司以来，从备受关注沦落到饱尝质疑，甚至曾一度被冠以“花瓶”的标签。在上市公司中独立董事的数量较多，由于对独立董事不履职行为的惩罚较轻和缺乏独立董事名誉激励机制，导致独立董事履职存在“跟风躺平”、不作为等现象。本文主要从演化博弈的视角研究了独立董事内部之间的博弈关系。通过对演化过程的分析，明晰了独立董事“跟风躺平、不作为”现象的形成机理。为了改善这一现象，本文认为，首先，应加强对独立董事不履职行为的惩罚力度；其次，上市公司应建立科学有效的独立董事名誉激励机制；最后，应在独立董事内部形成一个监督圈，促使独立董事积极履职。     

国内上市公司独立董事制度完善——基于发达国家的借鉴

上市公司独立董事制度是资本市场中重要的制度之一。文章在分析国内上市公司独立董事制度问题的基础上,借鉴发达国家的成功经验,提出完善国内上市公司独立董事制度的建议。     

改善我国独立董事制度的几点建议

独立董事制度旨在规范和约束上市公司行为,切实保护中小投资者权益.该制度自2001年实施以来,成效显著,但也存在一些亟待解决的问题.文章从独立董事制度的现状入手,时独立董事不作为的原因进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了改善我国独立董事制度的建议.     

上市公司独立董事与公司绩效关系

实行独立董事制度是我国上市公司治理改革中的重要举措。这一制度的效果如何?独立董事制度是否真的能够保护投资者的利益,提升上市公司的绩效?学术界争论已久。本文采用独立董事制度实施后2006年A股上市公司的数据研究发现,独立董事制度对上市公司的绩效没有显著影响。原因是上市公司独立董事制度不成熟,进而提出了完善独立董事制度的政策建议。     

上市公司独立董事与公司绩效关系

实行独立董事制度是我国上市公司治理改革中的重要举措。这一制度的效果如何？独立董事制度是否真的能够保护投资者的利益,提升上市公司的绩效？学术界争论已久。本文采用独立董事制度实施后2006年A股上市公司的数据研究发现,独立董事制度对上市公司的绩效没有显著影响。原因是上市公司独立董事制度不成熟,进而提出了完善独立董事制度的政策建议。     

中国独立董事制度研究现状及特点

证监会于2001年颁布了《关于在上市公司建立独立董事制度的指导意见》,要求在境内上市公司推行独立董事制度。相对于国外独立董事制度,我国尚处于探索阶段。对独立董事制度的研究还没有深入展开,尚未形成完整的理论体系,实践中的一些问题悬而未决。本文系统综述了我国近年来独立董事制度的主要研究成果,分析了独立董事制度研究的主要特点和发展方向。     

环境信息披露质量及其经济后果研究——来自环境“污染门”及配对公司的实证证据

以近年来发生环境污染事件的公司及其配对公司为研究对象,对其在管理层讨论与分析(MD&A)中披露的环境信息进行考察:(1)两组公司在MD&A中披露的环境信息的比较(2)环境污染事件的发生是否会影响其后续的环境信息披露质量;(3)MD&A中的环境信息披露是否为投资者预测环境污染事件的发生提供了增量信息。研究发现:两组公司的环境信息披露质量均不高;是否发生环境污染事件并不影响其后续的披露决策,MD&A中的环境信息披露并未给投资者预测环境污染事件的发生概率提供增量信息;所有权性质显著影响企业的环境信息披露。     

Regulating Audit in Europe: The Case of the Implementation of the EU Eighth Directive in Denmark 1984–2006

This paper examines the extent of financial information disclosure on the Internet by the largest companies in the UK in 1998. Companies were surveyed to establish whether they had a website and if so whether financial information was available. We also investigated whether that information was in summary form or whether the full annual report was available. This study finds a statistically significant positive relationship between the size of a company and the use and extent of disclosure on the Internet. There was no significant association between industry type and disclosure.     

Enforcement of Optimal Disclosure Rules in the Presence of Moral Hazard

Abstract

This paper analyzes the role of disclosure enforcement mechanisms (such as SEC enforcement teams and corporate governance systems) in directing the disclosure practices of managers when the information is used by shareholders to monitor the manager. The paper establishes a role for a disclosure enforcement system by showing that in its absence it is impossible to simultaneously induce a manager to adopt the desirable disclosure strategy and use the disclosure efficiently to monitor him. The paper shows how the effectiveness of the disclosure enforcement system and the cost of disclosure influence (i) the economic viability of the disclosure enforcement system, (ii) the disclosure policy of the manager, and (iii) the value of including stock options in the manager's compensation package.     

Do environmental,social, and governance activities improve corporate financial performance?

This study investigated the relationship between corporate efficiency and corporate sustainability to determine whether firms concerned about environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues can also be efficient and profitable. We applied data envelopment analysis to estimate corporate efficiency and investigated the nonlinear relationship between corporate efficiency and ESG disclosure. Evidence shows that corporate transparency regarding ESG information has a positive association with corporate efficiency at the moderate disclosure level, rather than at the high or low disclosure level. Governance information disclosure has the strongest positive linkage with corporate efficiency, followed by social and environmental information disclosure. Moreover, we explored the relationship between particular ESG activities and corporate financial performance (CFP), including corporate efficiency, return on assets, and market value. We found that most of the ESG activities reveal a nonnegative relationship with CFP. These findings may provide evidence about voluntary corporate social responsibility strategy choices for enhancing corporate sustainability.     

内部控制信息披露的市场反应——来自沪深股市的经验证据

研究发现,内控信息披露引致市场的正面反应,累计异常超额收益为正;强制与自愿披露内控信息相比,强制内控信息披露获得的超额收益率更高。同时,上市公司规模大小、是否"四大"审计等也影响内部控制信息披露的异常超额收益率的高低。     

The impact of disclosure on the market response to reported earnings

There is a wealth of evidence of a certain delay in the market's adjustment to published earnings information. However, there is a shortage of studies focusing on whether this behaviour can be explained at least partially by the level and quality of disclosures released together with earnings. This paper explores whether the degree of disclosure is related to the market reaction, and in particular whether the quantity and quality of disclosure affects the adjustment of security prices to interim earnings announcements. Evidence on the pricing of disclosures is also presented. The data comprises interim reports submitted to the Helsinki Exchanges in the period 1985–93. Interim reports are used because they relate to a specific event conveying new and previously unpublished material to the market, in contrast to annual reports which primarily document the history of the previous year. It is found that both disclosure and earnings are important in explaining drift, and our results indicate that the drift is associated with disclosure. These results augment the non-US market evidence of this drift.     

Financial materiality in the informativeness of sustainability reporting

This study examines whether financial materiality in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure benefits the stock market by increasing the amount of accessible and relevant firm-specific information. Based on the value relevance of information and the principle of financial materiality, we demonstrate that disclosing material ESG information increases stock price informativeness. We conduct an automated content analysis of 150,000 electronic documents filed by firms listed on the S&P/TSX Composite Index from 1999 to the end of 2014. Our findings show that ESG disclosure is indeed value relevant for investors and that financial materiality in ESG disclosure leads to more informative stock prices. In addition, the effect of ESG disclosure on stock price informativeness differs across the ESG components, being more sensitive to the social component. This study contributes to the literature on sustainability reporting, and in particular to the ongoing discussion about whether the financial materiality of ESG issues matters. This study also deepens the understanding of agency theory predictions about the economic effects of ESG disclosure.     

审计委员会透明度与供应商/客户关系型交易

关系型交易的隐蔽性决定了公开信息披露的不透明。利用2013年上交所强制要求审计委员会披露履职信息的准自然实验,构建双重差分模型,考察提高审计委员会透明度是否以及如何影响上市公司与供应商/客户之间的关系型交易。研究发现,提高审计委员会透明度在短期内对供应商/客户关系型交易有促进作用,这可能与政策实施传递的可置信承诺有关,信息使用者更加信任企业的信息披露,但长期内这一促进作用有所减弱。进一步验证信任机制的作用发现,只有当企业位于法律环境较好、社会信任度较高的地区时,提高审计委员会透明度才有利于开展此类关系型交易。此外,审计委员会透明度提高通过促进供应链关系型交易缓解了企业融资约束。上述结论丰富了关系型交易在公司信息环境层面影响因素的研究,并为监管部门评估审计委员会改革实施效果提供了经验证据支持。     

Re-identification in the Absence of Common Variables for Matching

A basic concern in statistical disclosure limitation is the re-identification of individuals in anonymised microdata. Linking against a second dataset that contains identifying information can result in a breach of confidentiality. Almost all linkage approaches are based on comparing the values of variables that are common to both datasets. It is tempting to think that if datasets contain no common variables, then there can be no risk of re-identification. However, linkage has been attempted between such datasets via the extraction of structural information using ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators. Although this approach has been shown to perform better than randomly pairing records, it is debatable whether it demonstrates a practically significant disclosure risk. This paper reviews some of the main aspects of statistical disclosure limitation. It then goes on to show that a relatively simple, supervised Bayesian approach can consistently outperform OWA linkage. Furthermore, the Bayesian approach demonstrates a significant risk of re-identification for the types of data considered in the OWA record linkage literature.     

Determinants of Quantitative Information Withholding in Annual Reports

In recent years, the determinants of voluntary disclosure have been explored in an extensive body of empirical research. One major limitation of those studies is that none has tried to find out whether voluntary disclosures were occasional or continuous over time. Yet this point is particularly important, as the voluntary disclosure mechanism can only be fully effective if the manager consistently reports the same items. This paper examines the factors associated with the decision to stop disclosing an item of information previously published voluntarily (henceforth ‘information withholding’ or IW). To measure information withholding, we code 178 annual reports of French firms for three consecutive years. Although disclosure scores are relatively stable over time, we find that this does not mean there is no change in voluntary disclosure across the years. We document that IW is a widespread practice: on average, one voluntary item out of seven disclosed in a given year is withheld the following year. We show that information withholding is mainly related to the firm's competition environment, ownership diffusion, board independence and the existence of a dual leadership structure (separate CEO and chairman).