抽检国标GB/T2828.4-2008在企业的应用

企业很少了解的抽检国标GB/T2828.4-2008,可在企业来料、过程、出厂抽检等环节应用.本文以GB/T2828.4-2008剖析了一个企业真实抽检方案,并对相关文献进行解读.     

信息集装——安徽：六安检查大米生产加工企业

本刊讯 最近，安徽六安市质量技术监督局裕安分局对境内18家大米生产加工企业进行全面抽检，共抽检大米18批次，抽检合格率为100％。从抽检情况来看，不少企业正在逐步提高自身要求。     

广东12批次月饼被抽检出菌落总数不合格

广东省食品药品监管局13日公布最新抽检结果，根据该局对全省22个地区餐饮服务环节售卖的月饼开展了省级监督抽检，共抽检了全省328家餐饮单位的480批次样品，有12批次菌落总数抽检不合格，所占比例为2．5％。     

上半年我国绿色食品抽检合格率为98．78％

上半年，全国绿色食品系统按照农业部部署，加大产品抽检力度，全面落实绿色食品监管。到目前为止，已完成抽检产品1807个，占全年抽检任务的60．23％，检出不合格产品22个，抽检合格率为98．78％，比2008年提高0．5个百分点。中国绿色食品发展中心副主任王建平介绍说，不合格产品主要存在的问题是重金属、农药、添加剂、微生物等质量安全指标虽然符合一般食品的标准，但是没有达到绿色食品的标准。     

灯具安全隐患

抽检主办单位：国家质量技术监督局 抽检时间：2000年1季度 抽检范围：广东、江苏、浙江、上海、福建等省市的49家企业 抽检对象：灯具，主要是可移式灯具，包括台灯、夹床灯、落地灯等品种     

陈某不服某县质监局以销售不合格汽油对其行政处罚案

某县质监局根据上级下达的年度定期抽检任务要求，到XX加油站进行汽油定期抽检，当时该站在售的汽油未明示质量等级仅标明售价3．00元／升，执法人员根据当日与该站相邻加油站93号汽油的售价3．00元／升，且日前城关地区93号汽油销售指导价为2．91元／升的情况，按照“同区同价、优质优价”的原则，将该站该日在售的3．00元／升的汽油按照93号汽油进行登记抽检，     

《公差与配合》新旧国标代换需遵循的原则

阐述了《公差与配合》常用尺寸段在旧国标转换成新国标时需遵循的原则及注意的问题，转换后按采用的修整方式化分为四种类型进行了举例说明，并列出了在特殊情况下新旧国标转换应用举例。     

自治区质监局通报 全区眼镜产品质量监督检查结果

２００２年，自治区质监局组织全区部分盟市质检机构开展眼镜产品的定期监督抽查。共抽检５种眼镜产品１４２２个批次，合格１１８６个批次，平均批次合格率为８７．４％，比２００１年提高２．１个百分点。其中，抽检甲级店眼镜产品３０５个批次，合格２８３个批次，合格率９２．８％，抽检乙级店眼镜产品３５３个批次，合格３１６个批次，合格率８９．５％，其它未评级眼镜店抽检２３０个批次，合格１８１个批次，合格率７８．７％。从抽检结果看，存在的主要问题有：一是标识标注成为不合格的主要原因。一半以上的不合格品是标识标注不合…     

奶粉质量令人忧

本刊讯（记者：杨岚）７月２８日，中央电视台焦点访谈栏目报道了今年二季度国家乳制品质量监督检验中心对调制奶粉产品质量专项抽检结果，抽查的４７种调制奶粉仅有５种合格，其合格率为１０．６％，抽检结果十分令人堪忧。为此，广西壮族自治区技术监督局成立抽检小组分...     

卫生部通报撤销九个减肥保健食品的批准证书

国家卫生部官员透露，在对全国减肥类、抗疲劳类保健食品进行的专项抽检中，发现有１９个产品中含有禁止在食品中添加的物品，卫生部已撤销其中９个产品的保健食品批准证书，并对另外十个假冒产品通告各地禁止销售。卫生部新闻发言人在此间举行的全国保健食品专项整治工作进展情况通报会上说，自去年８月，该部在全国范围内对减肥类、抗疲劳类保健食品进行了专项抽检。卫生监督部门共抽检了１１８个减肥产品，其中从保健食品生产企业抽检了６８个，从市场抽检了５０个。经国家体育总局运动医学研究所兴奋剂检测中心检验证实，有１９个产品中…     

科技文献中标点符号的正确用法

标点符号在科技工程界的书面语言中是十分重要的。为此，根据ＧＢ／Ｔ１５８３４－１９９５《标点符号用法》，结合工作经验，阐述了标点符号在科技文献中的正确用法     

An elementary model for statistical lot inspection and its application to sampling by variables

Recently some critical papers have initiated a discussion on pros and cons of standard sampling by variables (sampling by measurement). This discussion demonstrates the need for clarification by a sound stochastic model of statistical lot inspection. On the basis of such a model, variables sampling for lot proportion nonconforming and attributes sampling can be compared in terms of the theory of statistical hypothesis testing. This comparison refutes the well-known dogma of “same protection at lower sample size with variables plans”. Sampling by measurement for lot means, however, emerges as a perfectly valid method of statistical lot inspection.     

α-optimal sampling plans for lot-by-lot defects inspection

Investigations on acceptance sampling have attached rather few importance to defects inspection. For modern quality control, both the steadily increasing complexity of products and the need for differentiated cost calculation involve a clear demand for economic defects sampling in its practically most relevant form: lot-by-lot single sampling plans, where the OC (lot OC) is considered as a function of lot sizeN, sample sizen, acceptance numberc, number of defects in the lotK. Starting from an appropriate lot OC function, the present paper develops an economic cost and control model and an economic objective function for single defects sampling plans by adapting theα-optimal sampling scheme, introduced by E. von Collani for defectives inspection, to the purposes of defects inspection. A simple and accurate approximation ofα-optimal defects plans is derived by means of a Poisson approximation of the lot OC function.     

TypeA operating characteristic functions of defects sampling plans

Investigations on acceptance sampling have attached rather few attention to defects inspection. As to sampling models and the corresponding operating characteristic (OC) function of single defects sampling plans, generally only typeB (process model) has been considered: sampling from a production process where the OC is conceived as a function of sample sizen, acceptance numberc, and process average number of defects per itemλ. For modern quality control, both the steadily increasing complexity of products and the need for differentiated cost calculation involve a clear demand for defects sampling in its practically most relevant form: lot-by-lot single sampling plans, where the OC (typeA, lot OC) is considered as a function of lot sizeN, sample sizen, acceptance numberc, number of defects in the lotK. The present paper develops two lot OC functions from suitable assumptions on the arrangements of the total numberK of defects over theN elements of the lot. Limiting theorems on these OC functions are used to justify to some extent the customary assumption that the Poisson process OC can serve as an approximation for typeA. The dependence of the OC functions on sample sizen, acceptance numberc, total number of defects in the lotK is described by simple formulae.     

一种新型的计量型抽样检验方法——三样本检验法

许多公司的进料检验面临检验效率低下、检验价值丧失的困境,如何提升进料检验的效率并促进进料检验发挥有价值的效用是一个现实的课题。文章针对计量型质量特性所提出的三样本检验法是一种新型的计量型抽样检验方法,希望能够为帮助企业走出进料检验的困境发挥效用。     

现浇空心楼盖GBF管质量检查及抽样方法探讨

GBF管的质量检查和验收是现浇空心楼板质量控制的关键,包括GBF管材料、制作和施工等多方面内容,而抽样检测又是GBF管质量检查验收的重要手段,本文对监理工程师基于空心楼板GBF管质量检查的内容及抽样检测方法进行了分析和探讨。     

关于企业产品标准中检验规则编写若干问题的探讨（上）

企业产品标准中检验规则章节是国内生产型产品标准重要的组成部分。本文就如何编写一个规范的、可操作性强的检验规则,对其组成要素,即检验分类及内涵意义、抽样方案及如何正确应用、组批规则确定、抽样检验结果判定与处理等方面,从理论和实践的结合上加以阐述。希望通过这些问题的探讨对规范企业产品标准,提升企业标准制定的质量提供些借鉴。     

The AQL and RQL of the attributes sampling plans in MIL-STD-1916

Since 1996, the Department of Defense-USA has adopted MIL-STD-1916 (Military Standard-1916) sampling plans instead of the traditional MIL-STD-105E (Military Standard-105E) sampling plans. MIL-STD-1916 emphasizes on an effective prevention-based strategy quality system. Its attributes sampling plans are based on “zero accept one reject” as criteria of judgment. In this paper, the lot sizes are regrouped from original 11 groups into 18 new groups such that 100% inspection and sampling plan could be clearly separated. The relationship between fraction nonconforming and probability of acceptance for each verification level (VL) and lot size is investigated. The acceptable quality level (AQL) and rejectabe quality level (RQL) for each VL and lot size are also investigated. The results of this research provide user friendly tables as guidance for both supplier and customer.     

对袋装小麦粉抽样方法的探讨

在实际工作中，通过典型事例分析，指出在监督检验中，袋装小麦粉按ＧＢ５４９１－１９８５百分比抽样方法存在的缺陷，建议采用ＧＢ２８２８标准，以解决批量大小时判的宽严问题。     

A Destructive Sampling Method Designed for Outsourcing Situations Involving High Quality Production Processes

In outsourcing situations involving manufacturing and assembly, the sampling of units produced is important since in many situations not all of the units can be tested. Destructive sampling, which commonly occurs in the assembly and manufacturing industry, is a form of sampling where all units produced cannot be tested since the parts are destructively tested. In this situation, sampling techniques are used to determine if an entire lot should be accepted or rejected based on the sampling results. The traditional sampling techniques include single or classical sampling, double sampling, multiple sampling, skip-lot sampling, chain sampling and MIL-STD-105E. The purpose of this paper is to develop a sophisticated technique that monitors quality at a lower cost than traditional methods yet has similar monitoring characteristics in situations where quality is high and tests are destructive. The proposed technique, Destructive Sampling Method for High Quality production processes (DSM-HQ), is based on a cost function, which balances the costs of sampling versus the costs of finding a defect on the field. DSM-HQ assumes to have a Poisson process defect pattern and uses an Empirical Bayesian analysis to allow the researcher to include prior knowledge.