Incorporating the Operating Environment Into a Nonparametric Measure of Technical Efficiency

The ability of a production unit to transform inputs into outputs is influenced by its technical efficiency and external operating environment. This paper introduces a nonparametric, linear programming, frontier procedure for obtaining a measure of managerial efficiency that controls for exogenous features of the operating environment. The approach also provides statistical tests of the effects of external conditions on the efficient use of each individual input (for an input oriented model) or for each individual output (for an output oriented model). The procedure is illustrated for a sample of nursing homes.     

A Graph-Type Extension of Farrell Technical Efficiency Measure

We have two goals we wish to accomplish in this article. The first is the development of a framework for measuring efficiency in the full input–output space. This approach introduces a graph-type extension of the Farrell measure of technical efficiency. The second is the introduction of a weighting scheme for inputs and outputs, taking account of the particularity of the market summarized by input and output prices.     

A Mathematical Programming Approach for Measuring Technical Efficiency in a Fuzzy Environment

A three stage approach is proposed to measure technical efficiency in a fuzzy environment. This approach uses the traditional data envelopment analysis framework and then merges concepts developed in fuzzy parametric programming (Carlsson and Korhonen, 1986). In the first stage, vague input and output variables are expressed in terms of their risk-free and impossible bounds and a membership function. This membership function represents the degree to which a production scenario is plausible. In the second stage, conventional efficiency measurement models (Banker, Charnes and Cooper, 1984; Deprins, Simar and Tulkens, 1984) are re-formulated in terms of the risk-free and impossible bounds and the membership function for each of the fuzzy input and output variables. In the third stage, technical efficiency scores are computed for different values of the membership function so as to identify uniquely sensitive decision making units. The approach is illustrated in the context of a preprint and packaging manufacturing line which inserts commercial pamphlets into newspapers.     

Aggregation of Efficiency Indices

Measurement of technical efficiency is carried out at many levels of aggregation—at the individual branch, plant, division, or district level; at the company- or organization-wide level; at the industry or sectoral level; or at the economy-wide level. In this paper, we examine the conditions under which these indexes constructed at various levels of aggregation can be consistent with one another—that is, the extent to which efficiency indexes can be consistently aggregated. Unfortunately, our results are discouraging, indicating that very strong restrictions on the technology and/or the efficiency index itself are required to enable consistent aggregation (or disaggregation).     

推行“任务型”教学模式 提高军事技能教学效率

按照教学的基本规律和要求,按部就班、循序渐进的实施教学一直是我们采用的传统教学方法。如何改变传统的教学方法、手段,更新教学观念,不断探索转变教学模式、提高教学效率、打牢军事技能基础是我们当前紧迫的任务。本文从分析传统教学中存在的问题,对推行"任务型"教学模式的必要性和合理性进行论证,并对将要产生的效益进行分析,不断推行以任务引导学生的角色转化,提高教-学效果。     

中职学校电工电子技能教学探讨

电工电子技能教学是中职学校理工类专业培养学生能力的一个非常重要的环节。文章通过分析电工电子技能课的特点,对电工电子技能课的教学方法进行探讨,以期获得有效的手段,提高技能课教学的效果,从而培养出更多具有一定专业理论知识的初、中级技能人才。     

对我国优秀乒乓球运动员马龙的技战术比较分析

通过对马龙2009—2011年三场乒乓球大赛的技术指标及进攻与防守效果的比较与分析,结果显示:马龙的发球、接发球以及"前三板"的质量明显提高;相持得分能力也有所提高;对不出台球的接抢缺少有效手段,尤其是正手位的挑打能力不强。     

我国上市公司经理管理防御程度的量化研究

经理管理防御程度的度量在我国仍是一个空白,国外学者使用的外部代替变量不能很好地反映经理人的管理防御动机。因此,从经理人个人特质出发选取六个最能反映经理管理防御行为的变量,采用内容分析法构建出经理管理防御指数。以2003—2006上市公司的数据为例进行实例验证,我们发现这种经理管理防御行为在我国上市公司中的确存在,而且防御程度呈上升趋势。     

Technical Change and Efficiency in Turkish Manufacturing Industries

Technical progress and production efficiency are central to economic growth and international competitiveness. However, these topics received little attention in Less Developed Countries. This study is the first attempt to measure and to understand the extent and importance of technical progress and efficiency in Turkish manufacturing industries. Stochastic production frontiers for Turkish textile, cement, and motor vehicles industries are estimated by using panel data of plants for the years 1987 to 1992. The rate and direction of technical change for each industry are estimated by introducing time-dependent variables in the production function. Sector-specific factors which influence technical efficiency of manufacturing plants are also identified.     

Managerial responsibilities and procedural justice

This article identifies managerial responsibilities associated with ensuring fairness in the implementation of decision-making procedures in organizations. These responsibilities include giving adequate consideration to employees' viewpoints, suppressing biases, applying decision-making criteria consistently, providing timely feedback, giving justification, being truthful in communication, and treating employees with courtesy and civility. The article concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of this analysis for procedural justice in organizationsAs a manager, I make many decisions. It is my responsibility to make these decisions fairly. I try to be honest, consistent, and impartial. That's my, moral responsibility as a manager. If I don't fulfill that responsibility, I will lose their respect and support. It is as simple as that. (From an interview with the president of a division of a Fortune 500 consumer products company.)     

Efficiency measurements and the gains from trade under transaction costs

The paper investigates the measurement of economic efficiency under transaction costs in a second best world. New measurements of technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, and price efficiency are proposed. They have three desirable properties. First, they measure efficiency loss in monetary units. Second, they are additive and can be conveniently summed into an overall efficiency measure. Third, they allow for transaction costs and their effects on prices and trade incentives. The paper investigates the welfare effects of technology choice, government pricing and trade policy, and market imperfections on efficiency. It provides new insights on the measurement of benefits from trade liberalization when trade affects not only price efficiency, but also technical and allocative efficiency.

Technical Efficiency and Its Determinants in China's Grain Production

Using survey data from China, frontier production functions are estimated individually for crops of rice, wheat and corn. Technical efficiencies and their determinants are analyzed. The results suggest that one cannot be optimistic about the future of China's grain sector as the scope for output growth through input injection and efficiency gain is found to be quite limited.     

剖析技能竞赛中影视后期项目与技能教学的发展

本文以计算机专业影视后期项目的研究为例,对原有技能教学项目进行改造、提炼,转化为教学项目,不断补充和完善项目课程教学,推进竞赛内容的普及化教育。     

提高质量技术监督培训工作有效性的探讨

从教育培训工作的重要性入手,就建立健全培训工作教学体系和现代化教学系统,加强培训机构之间的交流与合作等方面对提高培训工作有效性进行了阐述。     

技术,技术进步,技术经济学和数量经济学之诠释

本文给出了技术的经济学定义,技术进步概念,技术经济学和数量经济学的学科定义。     

我国上市零售企业行业内并购技术效率研究

本文利用我国2001~2009年间11家上市零售企业的并购面板数据,采用随机前沿模型,定量研究我国上市零售企业并购的技术效率变化,并测度影响技术效率的内外部因素干中学、运营规模、所有制类型(结构)、股权结构、信贷预算约束、行业竞争、区域因素等对技术效率的影响。研究发现,并购总体上导致样本企业技术效率下降,但与非国有控股样本企业相比,国有控股上市零售企业进行并购能够显著提升企业的技术效率;股权结构、信贷预算约束与行业集中是我国上市零售企业技术效率改进的根本因素。     

对乒乓球台内反手拧拉接发球技术的研究

文章对反手拧拉接发球技术进行了综合性的分析。主要从技术动作的概念与产生、技术比较、拧拉技术运用的几点注意事项来研究台内反手拧拉接发球技术。     

管理审计在不同企业形态中的动因分析

管理审计的产生是受托责任发展的结果。不同企业形态受托责任的目的、对象和内容有很大差异,因而存在着不同的管理审计动因,相应地应该选择合理的管理审计实施主体。本文根据受托责任说,就管理审计在公司、个人独资企业和合伙企业中的动因进行了探讨,以期对有关人员有所裨益。     

资本体现式技术进步、技术合意结构和我国生产率增长来源

本文基于动态前沿生产面的非参数方法获取分行业全要素生产率指数,依据资本体现式技术进步发展耦合于蕴涵前沿技术的机器设备投资过程逻辑,以分行业固定资产投资中的设备工器具投资表征资本体现式技术进步,通过面板数据回归检验不同类型技术进步及其匹配结构对我国制造业生产率的影响。结果显示:资本体现式技术进步是生产率增长的重要来源,但技术效率实现与否内嵌于经济环境,受制于行业利润率及技术与人力资本的匹配程度。行业整体合意技术结构效应不明显,而以利润率和国有化程度分组发现,高国有化行业和高利润率行业存在合意技术结构。     

Manufacturing Resistance: Rationalizing the Irrationality of Managerial Control on the Shop Floor in a US Medical Electronics Factory

Juravich (1985) asserts that the organization of US industrial manufacturing is irrational as well as appearing chaotic from the workers’ viewpoint because of management’s refusal to integrate the workers’ knowledge into the production process. Because of this, Juravich argues, if and when the workers’ knowledge is integrated into the production system, the workers no longer will experience “chaos on the shop floor.” Extending Devinatz’s (1993) analysis in response to Juravich, this article argues that workers use resistance as a logical strategy for rationalizing what they perceive to be the irrationality of the shop floor. Utilizing Kusterer’s (1978) work, I argue that the use of many, but not all, resistance strategies constitutes a type of “survival knowledge” acquired and used by workers in response to managerial control. I maintain that these strategies constitute a special type of workplace resistance which I refer to as “pure and simple resistance.”