Foreign trade act in transition

“The flow of goods, services, capital, current payments and other transactions of trade across frontiers … is fundamentally free …” — with these words begins the German AuBenwirtschafts-Gesetz — AWG (Foreign Trade Act), Article Number One. After this Law had been passed in 1961, many interpreted its introduction as a sign that it represented a new Magna Charta of foreign trade.     

Essay: Technology in the Classroom: Teaching Business Marketing in the 21st Century

ABSTRACT

Ellis (1996) cites the Business Education Forum Policy Statement Number 53 (McDowell 1993) that states “… business educators must review their instructional goals and strategies in light of advances in technology to ensure that identified student outcomes encompass that technological skills need today and in the future …”

To quote Judith Boettcher (1996) “… Providing technology classrooms on our campuses today means thinking substantively about the intersection of teaching and learning processes with the capabilities of information technologies. When you consider the infrastructure and organizational issues surrounding this intersection of teaching and technology, you find that implementing technology classrooms is not for the faint of heart; indeed, it takes deep courage.”     

Some Lessons From ‘Developing’ Countries' Trade Policy Reviews in the GATT Framework: An Enforcement Perspective

It is one thing to draw up regulations for international trade, and yet another to apply them; but it is also a completely different thing to explain them fairly in a report for the contracting parties….¹     

Creating Value for Customers,Clients, Partners and Society: An Introduction to the Special Issue on Food Waste

ABSTRACT

Roughly one-third of edible food produced in the world is wasted, that is, it is never consumed by humans, despite the persistent demands for nutrition throughout the world. The American Marketing Association defines marketing as “…the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.” When it comes to food, an increasing number of these key stakeholders question how a global marketing system that routinely wastes a startling fraction of its product comports with “…value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large,” and whether the food marketing system can do more to sustainably convert scarce planetary resources into global nutrition. We introduce the articles in this special issue, which provide an intellectual and empirical basis for exploring how the global marketing system generates a substantial amount of food waste and how the food marketing system can do more to reduce the amount of wasted food.     

The forgotten crisis

“ … financial markets are like the mirror of mankind, revealing every hour of every working day the way we value ourselves and the resources of the world around us. It is not the fault of the mirror if it reflects our blemishes as clearly as our beauty.”     

论生涯辅导的研究视域及其理论架构

生涯辅导是就业指导的升级。生涯辅导在审视就业问题的同时，对个体的人生历程也有广阔而深远的透视。当前，生涯辅导关注的研究主题可以初步归纳为29小类7大类，这些研究视域随个体的生涯认同状态的演变而依序呈现。澳大利亚学者Pryor提出了生涯认同的象限图模型，划分了生涯认同的四种适应状态．该模型整合了生涯辅导的诸多症状内容、咨询取向和技术手段，对实务工作者有很好的指导作用。     

Managing innovation: Military strategy in business

“How in God's name do you think you lead …? By the strength of your arm only? No. But by your brain … And by magic.” From Tai-Pan by James Clavell     

HOME ECONOMICS AND SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM

In the debate about the case for a common curriculum in secondary education, home economics has perhaps been somewhat later than other subject areas to put forward a rationale for the inclusion of home economics. There is considerable uncertainty about the best strategy to be adopted: ‘…home economists in education will need to be vigilant in order to ensure that the subject is given its rightful place in any major revision of the middle school curriculum…’ (A. R. Mathieson). This paper is an attempt to define potential strategies for home economics as a secondary school subject, particularly in the light of recent interest in sex differentiation and sex typing in the secondary curriculum.     

Insider trading in futures markets: A discussion

“…Every man in the War Department, and the Executive Mansion, who was so situated as to be able to communicate valuable information in advance of the newspaper dispatches was approached by the gold operators, and in most instances an arrangement existed between the former and the latter, for mutual profit.…”     

Buffer stocks are better stabilizers than quotas

Michael Pelcovits (1979, p. 307) recently showed that with an unstable foreign excess supply curve, either a fixed quota or a buffer stock program with a fixed tariff can be used to stabilize domestic price at a given level, and both policies ‘will have the same effect on social welfare [so…t]he choice between [the two…] must then be made on the basis of administrative cost and feasibility’. However, he reached his conclusion by ranking the two policies on the basis of domestic welfare, and in this note we demonstrate with his same model that on the basis of foreign welfare the buffer stock is better than the quota. Thus, world welfre is higher under the buffer stock than under the quota.     

企业社会责任的信息披露研究综述

对于企业社会责任古典派将其界定为单纯的经济责任，进入现代则被赋予更多内涵。Carroll认为它应是经济责任、法律责任、伦理责任和慈善责任四者之和。国内学者的相关理论大多是基于现代学派“广义的社会责任”发展而成的。参考国内外文献对企业社会责任信息披露的实证研究现状，从相关关系、信息披露的形式与方法以及内容质量方面进行了比较分析。     

Entertainment Industry Ratings Disclosures and the Clear and Conspicuous Standard

This study examined entertainment ratings disclosures against the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC’s) Clear and Conspicuous Standard (CCS). In their investigation of marketing of violent entertainment to youth, the FTC advocated that the motion picture, music recording, and electronic games industries focus on “ensuring that the rating … and the reasons for the rating … are effectively and clearly communicated to parents” (p. 31). An investigation of a week of prime‐time television commercials across six networks revealed that with the exception of dual modality presentation of the letter rating, ratings disclosure information is often incomplete and falls far short of meeting the FTC's CCS. We offer recommendations to the entertainment industry to address these shortcomings.     

Machiavelli's Message and Business Morals

Machiavelli's continuing fascination arises not just from his hard-headed maxims but at a deeper level from his willingness to face up to agonising moral choices. The author is a former editor of The Director, a Renaissance scholar, and currently edits International Minds.     

Designing a global standardized methodology for measuring social entrepreneurship activity: the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor social entrepreneurship study

Although there is a high level of practitioner, policymaker, and scholar interest in social entrepreneurship, most research is based on case studies and success stories of successful social entrepreneurs in a single country. We develop a methodology to measure population-based social entrepreneurship activity (SEA) prevalence rates and test it in 49 countries. Our results provide insights into institutional and individual drivers of SEA. Using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) methodology of Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA), we find that countries with higher rates of traditional entrepreneurial activity also tend to have higher rates of social entrepreneurial activity. We develop a broad definition of social entrepreneurship and then explore types based on social mission, revenue model, and innovativeness.     

Restaurant Espionage: When recipes are not trade secrets

A restaurant's trade dress is protected by trademark laws. But are its recipes and cooking methods similarly protected? Not necessarily…     

EURATOM—Community in a crisis

The founders of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) acted “In the conviction that only a concerted action … offers the chance to achieve a performance which corresponds to the creative forces of its members”. This sentence is still anchored in the treaty of the Community, but it seems to disapper from its activities. National egoism has oppressed stronger and much earlier than in the EEC the work of EURATOM. The dispute about the research programmes is followed by the quarrel over the finances. Lack of determination to make decisions and adherence to national competences are endangering the existence of the Community. We discussed with Dr Hellwig, who is competent in the EEC Commission for the sectors of energy, research and technology, the destiny of EURATOM.     

Martin Feldstein

Business Economics - Martin Feldstein was a remarkable economic scholar, an extraordinary teacher, a fabulous economic and academic administrator, and a dedicated public servant who had a...     

当代劳动关系管理理论及其发展

劳动关系管理理论作为一项成熟的理论,真正开始和形成于20世纪40年代。当代各学派包括新保守派、管理主义学派、正统多元论学派、自由改革主义学派和激进派等纷纷提出了本学派的理论体系;20世纪80年代末,美国学者桑德沃提出的桑德沃理论模型更是从理论上较为详细地阐述了劳动关系管理的具体影响因素和紧张冲突的解决及其后果,这一模型的提出标志着当代劳动关系管理理论模型的渐趋成熟。     

中国股票市场贝塔系数稳定性研究

贝塔系数是用于衡量证券市场系统风险的一个重要概念,通过对贝塔系数的估计,投资者可以预测证券未来的市场风险。但是,贝塔系数要用过去的数据来估计,所以,除非贝塔系数具有相对的稳定性。否则,就无法作为证券市场未来系统风险性的无偏差估计。利用CHOW检验方法对2004年1月至12月间在深圳交易所上市的25只股票的交易数据和深证综合指数做实证分析表明,在我国证券市场上单只股票贝塔系数具有稳定性,与大部分学者观点不同;同时,又对在上海证券交易所上市的金融行业7只股票和传播与文化产业6只股票的日数据与上证综指做回归,并计算F值,说明金融行业比传播与文化产业的贝塔系数的稳定性差。     

从日本对外贸易之“谜”看人民币升值

本文首先回顾了西方学者对日本外贸之“迷”的研究成果，然后基于发达国家间的一个双向贸易模型，从美日两国的产业技术创新、结构升级速度和居民的平均消费倾向不同的角度解释了1985年日元大幅升值后美国对日本的巨额贸易逆差却并没有得到有效消除的“谜团”，最后对比分析和预测了人民币升值给我国对外贸易带来的影响并提出了相关建议和应对策略。