消费者对转基因食品的认知态度和购买意愿

随着生物技术的发展,越来越多的转基因食品进入了人类的食物链,但消费者对其的态度却不尽相同,明确了解消费者对转基因食品的认知态度及购买意愿将有助于生产者及政府的决策。根据辽宁省十个城市消费者进行的问卷调查数据,深入研究了城市消费者对转基因食品的认知态度及购买意愿。     

转基因食品安全

科技是把双刃剑。转基因食品在一定程度上解决了粮食危机,促进了科技发展,但同时也存在着一些的问题和争议。本文通过探讨转基因食品安全问题,旨在为普通民众和科学工作者提供一定的参考依据。     

Understanding Attitudes Towards Genetically Modified Food: The Role of Values and Attitude Strength

Summary This study was aimed at gaining a better understanding of the nature of negative attitudes towards genetically modified (GM) food. A sample of 250 students at the University of Tromsø responded to a questionnaire measuring attitudes towards GM food, attitude strength, intention to buy such food, and their personal values. Values and attitude strength proved to be important constructs when explaining the attitudes. A structural model was estimated, confirming that the negative attitudes towards GM food were embedded in universalism and hedonism values, and also predicted behavioural intention to buy such food. Attitude centrality was found to moderate the value-attitude relationship. Central attitudes mediated the relation between values and behavioural intention, while for the less central attitudes there was no relation between values and attitudes. Rather, both were independent predictors of intention. The study showed that some individuals hold weak attitudes and therefore may be more likely to change their attitude than those whose attitude is embedded in values.     

转基因食品安全管理

本文简要介绍目前的转基因技术发展现状,对转基因食品可能存在的危害进行分析,阐述笔者对转基因食品的理解,认为转基因食品应在有效监管下健康发展,结合自身的知识体系,对如何做好转基因食品的法律监管提出个人见解。     

浅谈转基因食品标识

目前转基因食品成为了大众消费者越来越关心的问题,其不仅关乎着社会利益的较量,同时也对国际贸易有一定的影响。深入研究和了解转基因食品标识制度,可以让消费者更客观地理解其本质,对正在形成中的相关国际法和处于发展中的国内法具有借鉴和指导意义。     

A Second Generation of Genetically Modified Food

Abstract

The aim of this research was a cross-cultural investigation of views regarding Genetically Modified Organisms, specifically food crops, to determine if there were significant differences in the views of French and American respondents. In addition, we sought to introduce the issue of possible consumer benefits of second generation GMOs into the research by examining differences in acceptance of value-enhanced GMOs compared with first generation GMOs for both French and American respondents. Both first and second generation GMOs are better accepted by American respondents than by French respondents, but respondents in both countries perceive a direct benefit from second generation GM foods with at least a less negative attitude toward them. In addition, respondents indicated factors which would make it more likely that they would purchase such enhanced GM foods.     

关于转基因食品安全性评价的研究探索

随着经济社会的快速发展和科学技术的日新月异,以提升人民生活水平为目的的转基因食品应运而生。转基因食品在我国的发展时间并不长,但却得到了极大程度的促进与发展,对于其发展的影响,存在着毁誉参半的尴尬境地。但不能抹杀的是转基因食品的确具有明显的优势,为社会的发展提供了推动力。一方面,转基因食品具有节约成本、提升经济效益和丰富生物产品多样化的优点。但从另一方面来看,转基因食品也具有很大的安全隐患,对生态环境、食用人体的健康,甚至物种自身的发展都存在很大的不良影响。基于此,研究关于转基因食品安全性评价,以期进一步推动转基因食品相关技术的发展,为社会和人类的进一步发展作出贡献。     

检测技术在转基因食品分析中的应用

随着经济的不断发展,人们的生活水平在不断提高,转基因食品的范围越来越广,其安全问题也受到了全社会的关注。本文从转基因技术的基本原理分析入手,分析传统定量技术、数字PCR检测技术和新材料辅助定量检测技术分析检测技术在基因食品分析中的应用。     

论转基因食品技术恐惧及弱化措施

随着高新科学技术的快速发展,转基因食品技术出现在人们的视野,逐渐发展并被广泛应用,但是,由于转基因技术的不成熟与不确定性,使该技术在应用的过程中可能产生食品安全问题。因此,人们在讨论该技术的过程中,一些认同反对转基因食品技术的人就对该技术逐渐形成了一种恐惧心理。提高转基因食品技术,强化人民群众对其信任度,对促进转基因食品的发展意义重大。     

Genetically Modified Foods

ABSTRACT

This study outlines the controversy surrounding genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and how it impacts North American based food service companies' marketing policies. Recent developments have made foods derived from GMOs a strategic marketing challenge for food service franchise and chain operations. Headlines such as “Why McDonalds Pulled Frankenfries from Menus” have unwittingly put restaurants on the frontline of the battle over foods made from GMOs (Martin, 2000). A survey method was used to explore food service operations' views regarding consumer acceptance of GMOs, right to know issues (labeling) and the benefits of GMOs, as well as food service companies' strategic response to this emerging technology. Findings indicate that food service establishments were generally concerned about customer opinions and tend to prefer government mandated labeling of GMOs. They also tend to feel that GMOs offer potential benefits to their industry and that customer concerns may fade over time.     

转基因食品感知价值对消费者购买意愿的影响

随着我国科学技术的发展和进步,转基因技术也得到一定的发展,转基因食品也更多地出现在人们的日常生活中。但转基因食品的安全问题一直是社会关注的重点,一直影响消费者的消费观念和购买欲望。本文从转基因食品感知价值研究消费者购买意愿的影响,发掘其深层次的原因,帮助政府和企业作正确的市场决策,对引导消费者进行理性消费具有重要的研究价值。     

Evaluating the Behavioural Impact of the Australian and New Zealand Genetically Modified Food Labelling Provisions

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a choice experiment that encompassed the labelling options outlined in the Australian and New Zealand government's recently finalized mandatory labelling system for genetically modified foods (GMF's) and foods that contain genetically modified ingredients. The labelling scheme is to be implemented across both countries from December 2001 onwards. Results suggest difficulties ahead for manufacturers and growers of GM labelled product if there is an ample supply of GM-free labelled alternatives. It is also likely that manufacturers and growers of GM-free product will realize greater levels of demand over non-labelled and GM product even when these alternatives are substantially cheaper.     

转基因食品强制标识制度在世贸组织框架内的法律分析

鉴于转基因食品可能存在不确定的风险,许多国家都要求对转基因食品进行强制标识。由于欧盟自1998年以来暂停批准转基因农产品在欧盟市场的准入申请,2003年5月,美国、加拿大和阿根廷在世贸组织提起针对欧共体的申诉。在该案的审理过程中,欧盟对转基因食品的强制标识制度也成为一个争议的问题,这给中国政府敲响了警钟。在中国,目前有农业部和卫生部的两个相关管理办法。本文根据世贸组织的相关规则,包括《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协定》、《技术性贸易壁垒协定》以及关贸总协定1994第20条,从实体和程序上对我国现行规定的合法性进行了具体分析,并提出了相应建议,以期为政府相关部门的决策提供参考。     

转基因作物商业化的现状及对粮食安全的影响与启示

随着现代科技的快速发展,转基因作物逐渐出现在人们的日常生活中,关于转基因作物的争论也已经从生物与生态安全转移到了粮食安全中,甚至涉及到知识产权等领域。该文从转基因作物商业化的现状着手,分析转基因作物对粮食安全的影响及启示。     

Perceptions of Agriculture and Food Corporate Social Responsibility

An online survey of 1,201 U.S. residents was conducted in April 2015 to better understand individuals’ perceptions of prominent areas of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the food supply chain. Demographic and household consumption information, including supermarket patronage, was collected. Each respondent completed best–worst tasks for CSR areas designed to elicit their relative importance of CSR areas. Overall, health and safety were perceived as the most important CSR area, and environment was prioritized second. Indicating gender as female and/or reporting age over 65 was positively correlated with the relative importance placed on health and safety, but negatively correlated with the size of preference share for nearly all other CSR areas investigated. Membership in the younger age categories was positively correlated with the size of the preference shares devoted to procurement, labor, fair trade, and biotechnology.     

试析转基因产品对国际贸易的影响

现代生物技术产业蓬勃发展，各种基因工程产品和细胞工程产品层出不穷，并陆续商品化，显现出巨大的经济效益和社会影响。目前人类对基因尚未有足够的了解，如果利用不当可能对生物多样性、生态环境和人类健康构成潜在的未知风险与威胁。由于各国对转基因产品采取不同态度，不可避免地会对国际贸易及其相关问题产生影响。     

Attitudes of Louisiana apparel manufacturers towards computer technology

Current literature has suggested that there is a reluctance on the part of the domestic apparel industry to adopt advanced computer technology. This study was designed to investigate the attitudes of Louisiana apparel manufacturers towards computer technology. An attitude questionnaire was mailed to all identified apparel manufacturers in the state. The results indicated that the apparel industry in the state of Louisiana is comprised of many small, privately owned companies. A large array of products in a variety of size ranges is produced in the state. Statistical analyses indicated that there were some differences between attitudes of apparel manufacturers and contractors. In general, contractors were not as aware of the availability and transferability of advanced technology for the apparel industry as manufacturers. Manufacturers and contractors who had some formal training with CAD/CAM systems had more positive attitudes toward the competitiveness of the industry with imported products. It is recommended that the apparel industry in the state explore the technological options available to modernize for a more competitive future.     

抗病毒转基因番木瓜的实时PCR检测

番木瓜是世界上第一种大规模种植的转基因水果,多个国家和地区开展了转基因番木瓜的研究和田间试验。针对市场上可能遇到的转基因番木瓜种类,本文分析了这些转基因木瓜的外源基因结构,在外源基因的NOS启动子与植物基因组之间的侧翼序列中设计了3类转基因木瓜的4个品系（Event）的特异性实时PCR的引物/探针,建立了4种抗病毒转基因番木瓜的品系特异性实时PCR检测方法,优化了番木瓜果肉和种籽的DNA纯化方法。实验表明这些品系检测方法的特异性和灵敏度符合出入境检验检疫的要求,应用这些方法从市售的番木瓜中检出了台湾中兴大学研发的两个转基因品系。     

Implementing a TQM Strategy Through Surveying Employee Attitudes and Perceptions:

Competition and consumer demand for quality are driving companies toward a new view of quality as a vital strategy for success. A new business philosophy of Total Quality Management (TQM) is the direct outcome of these forces. Before implementing a TQM system the firm must first assess its current quality posture. Surveying employee attitudes and perceptions about quality and related issues is the first step in implementing a TQM system. Part One provides an overview of the design, administration, and analysis of the survey as well as implications of survey results for the firm's quality program. Part Two provides a detailed discussion of sampling procedures, sample size decisions, and analysis of the results of the survey. Part Two also includes a sample questionnaire which can be used in employee attitudes surveys.     

世界生物技术作物的发展态势与我国的对策

从国别、作物的种类及特性的角度观察世界生物技术作物,其生产状况呈现出全面迅速增长态势。与此同时,世界生物技术作物的国际贸易也呈现出迅速增长的趋势。与上述发展态势伴生的是生物安全与国际贸易争端问题。我国应当从科技、安全管理、国际贸易等方面积极应对。