新创高科技企业供应链联盟伙伴评价体系研究

对新创高科技企业供应链联盟伙伴评价问题进行了研究,在探讨新创高科技企业建立供应链联盟目的和联盟伙伴选择过程的基础上,提出了新创高科技企业评价联盟伙伴的原则和主要标准,包括战略目标、资源互补、伙伴实力和信誉、市场相似程度和文化差异等五个主要评价要素.     

企业战略联盟伙伴选择的原则标准及方法

企业战略联盟目前在全球范围内蓬勃兴起。越来越多的企业将其作为获得竞争优势、促进技术创新、分散经营风险、降低经营成本的重要战略。尽管战略联盟受到企业界的青睐,然而约有一半的联盟最终失败,其中一个重要的原因是联盟伙伴选择错误。选择正确的合作伙伴是建立战略联盟时不容忽视的重要环节。本文分析了企业战略联盟伙伴选择中存在的问题,提出了战略联盟伙伴选择的原则、步骤、标准,并提出企业科学的伙伴选择指标和选择方法一层次分析法来确立企业战略联盟伙伴优化选择模型。     

我国企业发展跨国战略联盟的战略选择

在当今经济全球化背景下,跨国战略联盟已成为不可抗拒的潮流.我国企业正大力提倡"走出去",跨国战略联盟是我国企业"走出去",参与国际竞争的有效方式.本文首先阐述了跨国战略联盟的含义和特点,然后分析了我国企业发展跨国战略联盟的必要性与可能性,在此基础上提出了我国企业发展跨国战略联盟的战略选择.     

企业绿色管理障碍分析与绿色战略联盟的构建

绿色管理是企业实现可持续发展的主要管理模式。构建绿色战略联盟,借助外力促发展,是我国企业实现绿色管理的有效途径。基于对我国企业目前推行绿色管理的障碍分析,提出了企业绿色战略联盟构建的主要方式和原则,认为应从政府作用、联盟治理机制、联盟参与者选择、联盟文化等方面加强绿色战略联盟建设。     

策略联盟的表现形式及实施要领

随着市场竞争的日益激烈，越来越多的企业特别是西方发达国家企业选择了策略联盟合作的方式，以期共创竞争优势，在市场中居于领先地位。本文主要介绍策略联盟的几种主要形式和实施策略联盟时应注意的一些问题，以飨读者。     

新创高科技企业供应链联盟的风险管理体系

对新创高科技企业供应链联盟风险进行了分类,包括错误选择合作伙伴的风险、财务风险、技术风险、市场风险和管理风险,并从慎重选择合作联盟伙伴、选择合适的联盟形式、合理规避市场和技术风险、建立联盟伙伴间信任关系四个方面论述了风险管理的对策。     

新创高科技企业供应链联盟的风险管理体系

对新创高科技企业供应链联盟风险进行了分类,包括错误选择合作伙伴的风险、财务风险、技术风险、市场风险和管理风险,并从慎重选择合作联盟伙伴、选择合适的联盟形式、合理规避市场和技术风险、建立联盟伙伴间信任关系四个方面论述了风险管理的对策.     

战略联盟合作者的选择研究

本文提出了企业在选择战略联盟合作者时面临的问题,通过基于资源的战略联盟理论分析对企业选择联盟合作者有影响的重要因素,并尝试通过灰决策理论来量化企业选择联盟合作者的因素.     

我国模具行业产业分析及发展策略

随着经济快速发展，我国的模具行业竞争也越来越激烈，模具企业发展受到发展阻碍，对于我国模具行业未来的发展方向主要集中在市场对高端模具产品的大量需求。通过对我国模具行业的地域分布、发展现状分析，针对其当前发展创新存在的问题，提出相应的对策。     

跨国联盟的企业国际化战略选择

在当代经济全球化的形势下,来自全球范围内的竞争成为我国企业不得不面对的现实。中国企业向国际化战略的跨越已成为一种必然趋势,是企业发展必然选择。我国企业要打造并增强自身核心竞争力,实行国际化经营战略,应从建立战略联盟入手。首先阐述了战略联盟对企业国际化经营的影响,接着分析了我国企业发展战略联盟的可行性和面临的挑战,最后对我国企业发展战略联盟的战略选择提出了相关建议。     

Partner analysis and alliance performance

The determinants of strategic alliance performance have not been explored adequately in the literature. Empirical studies abound with numerous kinds of performance measures but, thus far, there is no coherent theoretical basis for the determinants of alliance performance. In this article we present a theoretical framework for understanding alliance performance in terms of its key antecedents. We submit that alliance performance is strongly influenced by particular characteristics of the partner firms as mediated by alliance conditions. We use the term “partner analysis” to denote the integrated approach comprising market analysis and resource analysis of partner firms. Alliance conditions are composed of collective strengths, interpartner conflicts, and interdependencies. We discuss the various linkages between the components of partner analysis, alliance conditions, and alliance performance. Finally, we develop a number of propositions to facilitate empirical testing of our partner analysis framework, and indicate its key implications for future research and managerial practice.     

Flow Signals: Evidence from Patent and Alliance Portfolios in the US Biopharmaceutical Industry

Integrating signalling theory and the portfolio diversity literature, we theorize that diversity in a firm's patent and alliance portfolios sends contrasting flow signals impacting its market value in a nuanced way. Diversity in an alliance portfolio mediates the patent portfolio diversity – market value relationship by suppressing the negative effect of patent portfolio diversity creating an overall positive effect. We test our mediation model on a longitudinal set of 225 US biopharmaceutical firms that were awarded 17,078 patents and participated in 37,744 alliances between 1990 and 2006. Our theory and findings contribute three novel insights. First, we demonstrate the value of a temporal lens in explaining why diversity in a firm's patent and alliance portfolios send flow signals that establish expectations among market observers and have performance implications. Second, establishing that patent and alliance portfolio diversity are temporally sequenced provides compelling evidence for the value of studying multiple types of portfolios, their temporal relationships and effects on firm outcomes. Third, since diversity in a firm's portfolios can send contrasting flow signals conditioned on the cognitive demands and proximity involved in interpreting the signals, firms that do not maintain a ‘signalling fit’ with market observers increase the probability of unintentional negative signalling effects.     

Market Timing and Internationalization Decisions: A Contingency Perspective

Does acquisition of low‐cost capital through market timing improve the likelihood of a firm's internationalization? Under what circumstances will the above relationship be stronger? These questions are the focus of our study. We integrate the arguments of the resource‐based view and the market timing theory to answer these questions. We constructed a sample of capital‐raising moves and international investments by 905 listed Chinese firms spanning the 1992–2012 period. Based on random‐effects regression analyses, we find that firms deploying market timing are indeed more likely to internationalize. We also find that this effect is stronger for initial entries than subsequent expansions in a country.     

Buyer Alliances and Managed Competition

In a health insurance market, a large employer or an organized "buyer alliance" is in a position to influence the design of plans offered to its members. We study how the sponsors of buyer alliances manage competition among insurance firms by focusing on their choices of the format of competition, the number of firms allowed to compete, and the quality of care offered by the firms. We find deviations from optimality in all three dimensions. Specifically, we find a tendency toward too many firms and too much quality, and a bias toward a format involving the prescreening of insurance plans by the sponsor.     

Compete at the expense of responsibility? Firm’s alliance responsibility in innovation process for SMEs

This paper attempts to investigate the impact of a firm’s social responsibility on its level of competition, cooperation and co-opetition using the game theory approach. We consider a duopoly market that comprises the focal firm which undertakes the responsibility of alliance and peripheral firm that represents all other firms within the technological innovational alliance of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME). Both the focal firm and the peripheral firm conduct technological innovation to overcome the constraints of technology, talent and fund. The study concludes that competitive efforts could substitute alliance responsibility, and cooperation efforts are contingent upon the market demand and/or alliance responsibility.     

Does Familiarity Foster Innovation? The Impact of Alliance Partner Repeatedness on Breakthrough Innovations

Does familiarity with alliance partners promote breakthrough innovations? This study draws on the literature of interorganizational routines to examine the impact of repeated R&D collaborations within a firm's alliance portfolio on its breakthrough innovations. Specifically, we contend that the benefits and liabilities of interorganizational routines, arising from alliance partner repeatedness at a firm's alliance portfolio level, lead to an inverted U‐shaped relationship between alliance partner repeatedness and breakthrough innovations. Further, we build on the recent theoretical development of interorganizational routines to propose that technological dynamism will make the inverted U‐shaped relationship steeper. Analyses of approximately 230 firms in the US biopharmaceutical industry from 1983 to 2002 support our hypotheses. Our findings provide important implications for research on alliance portfolio and management of firm innovation.     

On Some Procedures of Forming a Multipartner Alliance

In the article, we study two different ways of forming multipartner alliances between firms with the central idea that procedure is an important factor in multipartner alliance formation. In the first procedure, an alliance is formed simultaneously, while in the second procedure (step-by-step) members are added one by one. In the model we present, each firm is assumed to have a multidimensional maneuvering space, which consists of all alliance positions acceptable to the firm, and an ideal position in this space. Alliances will form between the firms whose maneuvering spaces overlap. The results of the analysis confirm that procedure is an important factor in multipartner alliance formation. Nevertheless, if ideal positions of firms are acceptable to all alliance partners, then the result of alliance formation does not depend on procedure. In addition, it is shown that it can be disadvantageous to be a first mover. Finally, we are able to provide sufficient conditions under which one procedure is preferred in a three-partner case. More specifically, a firm with its ideal position acceptable to the two other firms may prefer the simultaneous procedure to being a late mover if (1) there is a certain balance in the firms' degree of flexibility and their power and (2) if the agreed alliance position of the two other firms is acceptable to the firm in question.     

Firm and Group Influences on Venture Capital Firms’ Involvement in New Ventures

abstract Drawing on expectancy, equity, and collective effort theories, we argue that the level of involvement of individual firms in multifirm alliances depends on both individual firms’ self‐focused interests and factors stemming from the firms’ membership in the alliance group. We apply our theoretical arguments to the context of venture capital syndicates and test the hypotheses using data about 160 venture capital firms (VCFs) drawn from a survey instrument and a secondary data source. The results show that individual firms’ involvement in a multifirm alliance is somewhat dominated by group effects; specifically, financial stake relative to that of the group and the reputation of the other group members significantly influence the focal firm's involvement. However, focal firms’ involvement relates negatively to their own reputation. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research. Our results imply that firms in multiparty alliances pay attention to the characteristics of their alliance partnership to calibrate their own behaviour. In our specific setting, VCF involvement in syndicates depends more on relative syndicate characteristics than on the focal firm's absolute level of investment. Further, because reputation is negatively associated with involvement, entrepreneurs and potential syndicate entrants should ensure that they fully leverage VCF reputation to achieve their goals.     

The Role of Alliance Network Redundancy in the Creation of Core and Non-core Technologies

This paper studies the effect of a focal firm, and its partners' local alliance actions, on the creation of technological innovations by the former. More specifically, we study how two types of redundancy in a focal firm's ego network affect its ability to create new technologies in its technology core areas (exploitation) and/or non-core areas (exploration). We analyse this empirically in three different industry settings: chemicals, motor vehicles, and pharmaceuticals. One of our key findings is that individual firms can indeed boost both types of innovative output by shaping the degree of redundancy in their local alliance network, but that the way in which this should be done differs between the creation of core and non-core technologies. Next, we find that it is very useful to unpack the rather abstract notion of redundancy into more specific types of redundancy in ego networks. Overall, these findings reflect an action-oriented view on the role of individual firms in collaborative networks, which may complement the dominant view in the alliance literature emphasizing the role of the overall network structure and firms' network position within it.     

Strategic alliance team diversity,coordination, and effectiveness

Drawing upon literatures on strategic alliances, teams, and diversity, we propose that strategic alliance team diversity warrants further examination. We suggest that strategic alliance team coordination moderates the relationship between strategic alliance team diversity and effectiveness. Specifically, we hypothesize that coordination strengthens the negative relationship between observable diversity characteristics of nationality and gender and team effectiveness. We also argue that coordination strengthens the positive relationship between nonobservable diversity characteristic of functional background and team effectiveness. Results from 109 team members, 44 team leaders, and 34 alliance executives involved with 44 strategic alliance teams in 15 firms partially support our hypotheses.