Staff localization and environmental uncertainty on firm performance in China

This paper examined the form of the localization–performance relationship as moderated by environmental uncertainty. We postulated that the positive impact of staff localization on firm performance only continues to a certain point. Beyond this point, the costs of a high degree of staff localization outweigh the benefits. The negative effect of an increase in localization beyond an optimal point is expected to be stronger under the condition of high environmental uncertainty. Both the curvilinear relationship and the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty are confirmed through the survey results of 111 MNC subsidiaries operating in China. The result suggests that MNCs should pay particular attention to balance their deployment of local staff and expatriates in their international expansion.     

Corporate environmental responsibility (CER) weakness,media coverage,and corporate philanthropy: Evidence from China

This study investigates the hidden connection between corporate philanthropy and corporate environmental responsibility (CER) weakness. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms in polluting industries and hand-collected data on corporate environmental performance and corporate philanthropy, we show that CER weakness is significantly positively associated with corporate philanthropy, suggesting that corporate philanthropy may be used by environmentally unfriendly firms to mitigate the negative influence of CER weakness and offset pressures from stakeholders. This finding also implies that Chinese enterprises in polluting industries are inclined to engage in greenwashing via the conduit of corporate philanthropy. In addition, media coverage reinforces the positive association between CER weakness and corporate philanthropy. Above results are still valid after controlling for the potential endogeneity between CER weakness and corporate philanthropy.     

10吉林石化双苯装置爆炸安全环保工作亟待加强

2005年11月13日,中国石油天然气股份有限公司吉林石化分公司双苯厂发生一起爆炸事故,造成5人死亡、1人失踪、两人重伤、21人轻伤,主要生产装置严重损坏,并造成松花江水体重大污染.     

Strategy,external communication and environmental context

It has long been argued that organizations must interact with their environments in order to survive. But is the nature of this interaction invariant across environmental contexts? This paper considers the importance of communication between organizations and key environmental elements to the development of organizational strategic norms. Based on a grounded theory framework of analysis, it is theorized that organizational strategic norms are negotiated with the environment in an interactive fashion, and that task environmental elements concerned with assessing organizations tend to employ evaluation processes that are broadly reflective of an organization's context. Views offinancial analysts and individual investors, elicited in both a quantitative and a qualitative form, are suggestive of the merits of this theorizing. Several implications for researchers and strategists are discussed.     

Customer,regulatory, and competitive pressure as drivers of environmental innovation

We develop an economic analysis in order to examine the effects of consumer, regulatory, and competitive pressure on firm investments in environmentally friendly production. Specifically, we ask: Why do firms vary in their levels of environmental innovation? Under what conditions are such pressures effective in bringing about environmental innovation? We first consider a monopolist who faces the twin pressures of reduced customer demand and regulatory penalties, as a result of its emissions. In response to these pressures, the firm has the opportunity to make a costly investment in reduction of emissions. Secondly, we consider a competitive scenario in which two firms compete for environmentally sensitive customers. Solving our model, we find that pressure has the intended effect as long as the firm's initial level of emissions is below a certain threshold. If the emissions are above this threshold, we find that pressure might have an adverse effect on the firm's environmental investment, and that subsidies that support environmental innovation can be a better alternative. We also show that competition over environmentally sensitive customers can improve the effectiveness of environmental pressures.     

Chief executive scanning emphases,environmental dynamism,and manufacturing firm performance

Chief executives must allocate their scarce time for scanning efforts among relevant domains of their firms' external environment and their firms' internal circumstances. We argue that high‐performing CEOs vary their relative scanning emphases on different domains according to the level of dynamism they perceive in their external environments. The concepts of dominant logic and sector importance were used to develop predictions about which external domains and which internal domains should receive relatively more or less scanning emphasis in external environments that, overall, are more dynamic or more stable. A field survey of 105 single‐business manufacturing firms evaluated CEOs' scanning emphases and firm performance. Results indicated that, for dynamic external environments, relatively more CEO attention to the task sectors of the external environment and to innovation‐related internal functions was associated with high performance. In stable external environments, however, simultaneously increased scanning of the general sectors in the external environment and efficiency‐related internal functions produced higher performance. These relationships were strongest between relative scanning emphases among domains and sales growth. We discuss the implications of these results for researchers and practitioners. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Privatization, Markets and Industrial Relations in China

Within a context of gradual privatization and rapid marketization in China, this paper draws on detailed research of the perceived impact these have had on the work, status and attitudes of different industrial relations 'actors' within seven enterprises in Guangdong and Shanghai in 1998–9. It will be shown that the main pressure for tightening control over the workplace has come from the development of markets and that privatization has had important but limited catalytic effect in this process. Considerable internal and external constraints restrict the impact of privatization, which stem from China's continued ambivalence towards capitalist market relations.     

Health,safety and environmental protection: A new audit program

In September, 1985, Union Carbide established a new, comprehensive corporate-level audit program. The development of this program included careful consideration and incorporation of current and emerging practices in the field of health, safety, product responsibility and environmental auditing. Union Carbide's efforts in this area are but one element of its overall health, safety and environmental management system.     

Technical,quality and environmental efficiency of the olive oil industry

This paper studies the level of technical efficiency in the olive oil industry from a multi-output perspective, and examines olive oil production in quantitative and qualitative terms. The study also covers the environmental impact of the production process. These are key issues due to the current environmental, organoleptic and food traceability requirements of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Furthermore, product differentiation is sought after in today’s ever more demanding markets. The production of olive oil in Andalusia (Spain) is the most important agricultural food industry in the whole region and it represents 30% of world olive oil production. Three data sources have been used: a comprehensive survey to a sample of olive oil producers, their financial reports, and the opinion of a group of experts in olive oil production techniques interviewed by means of the Delphi survey. With this data and after the construction of indicators, a production frontier is elaborated by applying an extension of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique. This will allow for the measuring of the relative technical efficiency indices and set specific efficiency indices for both the quality of the oil produced and the environmental impact of the production process. Those factors impacting on efficiency are determined by a truncated regression model with bootstrap. The results show a medium–high level of relative technical efficiency and highlight the importance of efficiency factors involving production and marketing associations.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

Venture capital in China: Past,present, and future

This article reviews the literature on venture capital in China and examines where China’s venture capital industry has been and where it is likely to go in the future. Since the 1980s, venture capital in China has grown steadily alongside the robust national economy. The future is likely to offer even greater opportunities, as entrepreneurs are encouraged and property rights improve. However, there will also be a period of transition as the market continues to mature and as new legal structures and commercial arrangements emerge. Venture capital in China has many interesting differences from that in Western countries. The venture capital industry is shaped by the institutional context and China is no exception to this. This article also examines some specific differences between the system in China and that of the United States. Future prospects for venture capital are also appraised as China continues its transition to a market economy.

Labor Flexibility,Ownership and Firm Performance in China

Developed and developing countries alike areprivatizing or corporatizing state owned enterprises(SOEs), often citing the flexibility to hire and shedlabor as an advantage. However, there is littleempirical evidence on the extent to which thisimproves firm performance. This paper investigates thelinkage between labor flexibility, ownership and firmperformance using China as a case study. We find thatSOEs are much less able to adjust quickly to demandshocks than are other ownership forms and that thedegree of worker input into hiring and firingdecisions slows the ability of firms to adapt,negatively affecting firm performance.     

Irrigation,agricultural performance and poverty reduction in China

The overall goal of our paper is to understand the impact that irrigation in China has had on grain production and incomes, in general, and income and poverty alleviation in poor areas, in particular. The paper seeks to meet three objectives. First, we describe the relationship among irrigation status, yields and household crop revenue. Second, we seek to understand the magnitude and nature of the effect that irrigation has on yields and crop revenue. Finally, we seek to understand the impact that irrigation has on incomes in poor areas. Our analysis shows that irrigation contributes to increases in yields for almost all crops and in income for farmers in all areas. The importance of crop income in poor areas and the strong relationship between crop revenue and irrigation provides evidence of the importance of irrigation in past and future poverty alleviation in China. We also show that in the majority of the villages that invested in new irrigation, returns are positive even after accounting for increases in capital and production costs.     

Inventory in mainland China: Historical, industry, and geographic perspectives

We review inventories in mainland China by evaluating the trajectory of aggregate inventories in recent decades, and then modelling the relationship of inventories in some 300,000 manufacturers with respect to volume (using cost of goods sold), industry (using SIC codes), and geographical location (using the 31 regions of China). We find that inventories generally exhibit economies of scale (in terms of cost of goods sold) in all but one industry (tobacco), and differ widely by province, with relatively high inventories in remote regions.We provide explanations for apparent diseconomies of scale for large unlisted firms, and reflect on why publicly listed manufacturers have significantly higher inventories than do unlisted firms. We note that manufacturing inventories as a proportion of manufacturing value-added are substantially higher in China than in the US The results may be employed for benchmarking and auditing of firms and managers, as well as for conducting due diligence for investment, mergers and acquisitions.     

海外石油企业与国内企业HSE管理的差异性分析

海外石油企业与国内企业在HSE（健康、安全、环保）管理方面存在着很多差异。这些差异既体现在理念上,也体现在制度上。其中,深层次的差别体现在综合管理上,差别的根源是制度管人还是人管人,主要体现在管理体制和机制上。概括地说,海外石油企业的HSE管理胜在强烈的责任心,规范的机制体制和制度,严格的管理以及先进科学的方法,外在因素是所在国政府对石油企业的严格监管。     

新疆农村金融精准扶贫绩效与效益探讨

在我国,扶贫的工作在不断推进的同时,金融扶贫与传统的财政扶贫相互结合,精准扶贫与整合扶贫相互结合,在促进贫困地区脱贫致富、经济可持续发展中起着重要的作用。新疆地处偏远,经济发展相对落后,贫困问题的亟待解决,2018年在识别精准、科学规划、突出重点、完善措施、巩固提升、正兴乡村等方面集中力量攻克深度贫困堡垒。这就要求金融扶贫工作开展客观公正的绩效评价,合理评价金融精准扶贫的精准度,对金融精准扶贫效益进行科学量化,查验金融精准扶贫工作成效,对新疆完善农村金融精准扶贫工作的实施具有不可替代的促进推动作用。     

纺织业发展对广西扶贫开发影响研究

进入21世纪以来,随着全球化的不断深化,作为劳动密集型产业的代表性产业,纺织业随着东部成本的不断攀高不断寻求新的发展机遇,一种将劳动密集型产业链转移到东南亚、南亚等国家,一种是转移到中国中西部地区。广西在人口规模和地缘上相对于其他地方拥有绝对的后发优势,可以通过吸纳东部产业技术来发展当地经济,助力脱贫攻坚,改善民生。     

Subcultures in Greater China: A Comparison of Managerial Values in the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan

Managerial values in the three regions that form Greater China — Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the People's Republic of China (PRC) — were compared. It is posited that in addition to Confucian philosophy, political and economic systems also have significant effects on the values of Chinese managers. Results show that despite the economic integration in Greater China, managerial values have yet to be unified. Managers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the PRC are convergent in collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. On the other hand, managers in the PRC demonstrated higher power distance and less concern about deadlines and plans than in managers Hong Kong and Taiwan. Materialism is also greater in the PRC and Hong Kong than in Taiwan.