中国品牌服装差距何在

改革开放以来，我国服装业无 论是从生产规模还是出口量，均列世界之首。在可喜可贺的成绩面前，企业家也清醒地意识到：改“为人作嫁终有时”，看到了服装业存在的危机，因而，近几年来，创品牌之风群雄竞起，铺天盖地，一时竟难以统计。我们不缺乏优秀的设计师，设备也与国际接轨，而且十几年的加工贸易锻炼了我们的队伍、改善了条件、提高了水平。1996年有关部门就统计，世界10大品牌的服装，在中国加工、生产的就有6大品牌，但现状是：泱泱服装大国，在世界市场上，却不见中国品牌，这足以说明我们的差距，面对我国即将“入世”这一…     

比较中美两国思想道德教育的差异

中美两国思想道德教育的主要差异表现在：①思想道德理论基础相异；②思想道德教育内容相异；③教育目标相异；④运作机制相异。通过这一差异比较对构建有中国特色的社会主义思想道德体系具有借鉴作用。     

The bidirectional relationship between competitive intensity and collaboration: Evidence from China

This paper argues for a bidirectional relationship between competitive intensity perceived by a firm and its strategic response in the form of forging collaborations. Consistent with a variety of theoretical perspectives including enactment, cognition, and the resource-based view, we conceptualize competitive intensity as a firm-level construct and hypothesize that collaboration will reduce the perceived competitive intensity due to the twin mechanisms of information acquisition and risk reduction. We also predict an inverted U-shaped relationship for the impact of competitive intensity on the likelihood of forming at least one collaboration. We test our predictions using data on the dynamic and competitive Chinese market. Our analyses provide strong support to the bidirectional argument.     

Supply chain integration and service oriented transformation: Evidence from Chinese equipment manufacturers

This study builds a conceptual model to describe the relationships among operational integration and strategic integration of supply chain, product-based and customer action-based service provided by industrial manufacturers, and firm performance. Using sample data from Chinese equipment manufacturers, this study finds that operational integration of supply chain has positive direct effect on product-based service, while strategic integration has positive direct effect on customer action-based service. Furthermore, product-based service is the basic transformation strategy for industrial manufacturing companies and it has not only positive direct effect but also indirect effect through customer action-based service on firm performance.     

中外石油企业品牌经营的主要差距及对策

我国石油、石化两大集团,在品牌经营方面与跨国石油公司相比还存在很大差距,主要表现在：(1)对品牌的理解往往仅局限于企业的标识形象：(2)尚无独立的、完整的品牌管理体系和系统、完整的企业品牌管理制度;(3)品牌的经营分析还基本处于空白状态;(4)尚无系统、完整的副品牌技术,成品油无差异化的经营状况至今基本没有改变;(5)品牌形象设计的人性化程度不够。建议：(1)加强对各级企业管理人员,特别是最贴近市场的石油销售企业管理人员的品牌知识培训;(2)尽快建立健全企业品牌管理的组织架构和相关制度;(3)研究制订一套适应石油、石化集团实际情况的企业品牌经营评估分析模型,构建一套品牌经营自我评价的指标体系;(4)研究制订适应中国石i由石化市场情况的副品牌实施方案,特别要在成品油副品牌技术上多下功夫;(5)优化企业品牌设计理念,特别要导入以人为本的品牌设计理念。     

代理问题、公司治理与企业价值--以民营上市公司为例

本文运用代理理论对2002年在上海、深圳证券交易所上市的122家民营上市公司治理与企业价值进行理论分析与实证检验,发现民营上市公司治理包括在股权集中度、债务融资比重、金字塔式控股、控制权与现金流权偏离、流通股与非流通股价偏离等五个方向上存在着代理冲突,并指出引发民营上市公司代理冲突的首要原因是现行流通股与非流通股的股权割裂。     

Mental Models and Successful First‐mover Entry Decisions: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Entrepreneurs

Existing research has identified a variety of mechanisms through which early entrants may be able to develop competitive advantages that favorably influence performance relative to later entrants. At the same time, later entrants can sometimes enjoy cost advantages arising from free riding and the resolution of uncertainty. Despite the impressive array of possible explanations linking entry timing with performance, it is unclear how these explanations align with the cognitive representations that guide managerial decision making. The authors address this gap in the literature by arguing that the resource‐based view of the firm provides potential insight into the way that perceived pioneer advantages and disadvantages influence managerial behavior. The resource‐based view argues that the value of various pioneer advantages will depend on the degree to which those advantages enable pioneers to access and control resources that are costly to copy. Because legal and cultural variables also influence access to resources, the value of specific dimensions of pioneer advantage will vary depending on the macroenvironment within which a firm operates. To test this reasoning, the authors examine the impact of perceived pioneer advantages on the number of first‐mover entry decisions of Chinese service entrepreneurs, who operate in an environment characterized by underdeveloped legal institutions and inadequate legal protections, a fledgling capital market, the limited availability of information about products and industries, and an emphasis on personal connections. The authors hypothesize that these unique characteristics of Chinese markets will affect the perceived importance of sources of pioneer advantage identified in studies of Western (primarily United States) firms. Using data collected from 302 Chinese service entrepreneurs, the authors find strong evidence that the number of pioneer entry decisions made by Chinese entrepreneurs are strongly tied to entrepreneurs’ perceptions that pioneer firms tend to outperform later entrants and have the ability to preempt key assets. In addition, the number of entry decisions is negatively related to perceptions of pioneer cost disadvantages and the level of uncertainty faced by pioneers relative to later entrants. However, consistent with the research hypotheses, perceptions of pioneer leadership and cost advantages do not significantly influence the entry decisions of Chinese service entrepreneurs.     

Management,Organizational Justice and Emotional Exhaustion among Chinese Migrant Workers: Evidence from two Manufacturing Firms

This article explores how Human Resource (HR) policies and practices influence employee perceptions of organizational justice, which in turn impacts employee emotions and feelings of emotional exhaustion. Using structural equation modelling and based on employee survey data drawn from two manufacturing organizations, we find that a strong HR system — perceived by workers as distinctive, attractive and consistently implemented — fosters perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactive justice. However, only distributive injustice leads to negative emotions and emotional exhaustion. This is explained by reference to the cultural and institutional context (China), status (migrant) and type of workers (semi‐skilled, manual) included in the study. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications that arise from these findings.     

International Diversification and Performance: Evidence from Singapore

This study focuses on how international diversification affects a firm in terms of multiple performance measures (accounting-based, market-based, and intangible value creation). The study is unique as it uses segment data made available only recently, which enables the examination of both product and international diversification with performance. The period studied coincided with Singapore firms performance during the Asian Financial Crisis. In contrast to previous studies on Singapore, our results show that product diversification is negatively correlated to all measures of performance, while international market diversification is positively correlated. We attribute the difference to the time period which covers both upswings and downturns of the economy, unlike previous studies which considered only the former. Other control measures were incorporated; firm size is highly significant in explaining all measures of performance but not so for firm age, leverage, risk and industry. For top managers, we suggest that regardless of economic climate, the dominant diversification strategy is to take a focused approach to product diversification, but a broad approach to international diversification.Dr. Er and Dr. Kwok are assistant professors in the Department of Finance & Accounting, National University of Singapore (NUS). Mr Lin recently graduated with a B.B.A. honours (1st class) degree from NUS.     

Perceptions of sales force automation: Differences between sales force and management

Differences between management and salespeople in their perceptions of a new technology can affect the acceptance and implementation of that technology. For sales force automation (SFA) systems, the differences in the perceptions held by management and salespeople toward the SFA can affect the successful adoption and implementation of the system by the organization. This paper reports the results of an investigation that focused on the differences in perceptions held by the United States Army's recruiting force and its higher level management toward the Army's newly adopted SFA system, the Army Recruiting Information Support System (ARISS). The results of the study indicate that significant differences exist between the perceptions held by the recruiting force and higher level management toward ARISS, the SFA system. The results offer important insights into managing SFA system deployment and gauging user expectations.     

Entry and Prices: Evidence from the Supermarket Sector

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect on prices of the entry of a large supermarket into a given location. We use a panel with data from fifteen cities in Chile for the period 1998:I–2004:IV. We correct for the potential simultaneity problem derived from the fact that entry can be a response to price differentials. We find that the entry of a hypermarket to a given city reduces relative prices in that local market by 7–11%. Most interestingly, we also find that part of this effect takes place the year before the supermarket actually opens for business.      

Unions and Discriminatory Hiring: Evidence from New Zealand

This study examines the effects of unions on employer compliance with antidiscrimination legislation in New Zealand, using a sample of 227 employers. The results do indicate that unions do reduce discriminatory practices. More specifically, higher levels of unionization do increase the level of employer compliance. However, other union characteristics, such as union size and strike propensity, appeared to have no influence on employer practice.     

纵向一体化趋势和市场竞争力关系研究--以江苏制造业的实证为例

本文运用I—O(投入产出表)法中Davies—Morris指数法,旨在分析一个产业或企业内纵向一体化的趋势。论文实证检验了江苏省制造业的纵向一体化的状况,估计和分析了江苏制造业的16个产业和各产业前5名的80个企业的纵向一体化趋势,并与其他国家的状况进行比较。     

Telecommunications services and economic growth: Evidence from India

This paper estimates the growth contributions of telecom services by public and private sectors and distinguishes it from the information technology services. Socio-economic determinants of demand for telecom services are estimated for fixed and mobile phones in the framework of a Logit model and using data from a small-household sample survey in India. Estimation results show a significant negative impact of price and a positive impact of income variables; distinguish the importance of social caste, education level, nature of occupation, age of household head and family size between fixed and mobiles phones and offer evidence for substitutability of mobile phones for fixed phones. These results add to the empirical knowledge of socio-economic determinants of telecom demand and have implications for selective design of policies towards promotion of higher demand and attainment of higher economic growth by fixed and mobile services in India and other developing countries.     

Changing network pictures: Evidence from mergers and acquisitions

A merger or acquisition may cause dramatic changes in a business network, which in turn affect managerial cognition as well as managerial activities. We use the concepts of ‘network pictures’ and ‘networking’ to illustrate and analyse changes in managerial sense-making and networking activities following a merger or acquisition. The paper focuses on acquiring, acquired or merging parties and those companies with which they have direct customer relationships. Based on three case studies comprising seven acquisitions and one merger, we show that following a merger or acquisition managers may need to adapt their previous network pictures in a radical way; these adaptations are, however, not always realized as shifts in network pictures and adjustments in networking activities by all the managers involved. Whereas the merging parties' network pictures and networking activities are largely driven by their perception of customers' needs and developments, it is not certain that the merger or acquisition is enacted accordingly. The paper contributes to a clearer view on the conceptual interdependence of the constructs of network pictures and networking in multi-actor situations and thus it develops a network perspective on mergers and acquisitions.     

Uncertainty and Auction Outcomes: Evidence from Used Car Actions

I study the sequence of bidding in an open-outcry English auction to examine how uncertainty affects auction outcomes. I do this by analyzing a data set that was collected from a series of public auctions of used cars in New Jersey. I conjecture that the uncertainty is related to the auction’s progress and demonstrate that, empirically, an increase in the uncertainty is associated with an increase in the number of rounds that is required to sell an object and with a reduction in the ratio of the selling price to the presale estimate.     

Multilevel governance and broadband infrastructure development: Evidence from Canada

This paper investigates the contributions of digital infrastructure policies of provincial governments in Canada to the development of broadband networks. Using measurements of broadband network speeds between 2007 and 2011, the paper analyzes potential causes for observed differences in network performance growth across the provinces, including geography, Internet use intensity, platform competition, and provincial broadband policies. The analysis suggests provincial policies that employed public sector procurement power to open access to essential facilities and channeled public investments in Internet backbone infrastructure were associated with the emergence of relatively high quality broadband networks. However, a weak essential facilities regime and regulatory barriers to entry at the national level limit the scope for decentralized policy solutions.     

Foreign Entry and Firm Advertising Intensity: Evidence from China

This paper investigates the determinants of advertising intensity at the firm level by focusing on the role of foreign entry. In a monopolistically competitive market with heterogeneous firms, we show that foreign entry affects the expected advertising intensity of domestic firms through its impact on the cost of resources, brand image, and productivity spillovers and its impact on firms’ exit behaviour. Then, using comprehensive firm-level data from China’s manufacturing sector between 2005 and 2007, we test this hypothesis and find that foreign entry significantly affects advertising intensity.     

Return Migration: Theory and Empirical Evidence from the UK

In this article, we discuss forms of migration that are non‐permanent. We focus on temporary migrations where the decision to return is taken by the immigrant. These migrations are likely to be frequent, and we provide some evidence for the UK. We then develop a simple model that rationalizes the decision of a migrant to return to his/her home country, despite a persistently higher wage in the host country. We consider three motives for a temporary migration: (i) differences in relative prices between host and home country, (ii) complementarities between consumption and the location where consumption takes place, and (iii) the possibility of accumulating human capital abroad, which enhances the immigrant's earnings potential back home. For the last return motive, we discuss extensions that allow for immigrant heterogeneity, and develop implications for selective in‐ and out‐migration.     

Competition Policy and Trade Barriers: Empirical Evidence from China

This paper examines the impact of competition policy on inter-regional trade barriers among provinces in China. Using data from 28 Chinese provinces for the period 1994–2013, we show that the implementation of competition policy—as measured by a number of indices that we construct—can effectively reduce inter-regional trade barriers. We provide results that are based on both fixed effects and instrumental variables estimators to support the causal nature of the established link. The effect is found to be more salient for provinces with a less corrupt political environment. The results are also shown to be robust across alternative specifications, alternative measures of competition policy, and inter-regional trade barriers.