Test of a technique for planning medical procedures in preventive health examination programs

This paper reports on a retrospective test of a linear programming (LP) technique for planning of medical procedures in preventive health examination (PHE) programs. The technique itself has been published earlier; hence only a brief review is presented here. The test was, in essence, a comparison between a PHE program run along conventional lines (all procedures to all patients) and a PHE program guided by the LP technique. The results showed that the LP technique has several advantages over the conventional mode of operation.     

论会计准则与中立性原则

文章首先对会计学理论中的中立性概念进行了系统的描述,在对会计准则制定过程中关于中立性的两种观点进行剖析之后,认为中立性应该是制定会计准则的首选,但目前国内会计准则的制定还处于中立性与经济后果协调的阶段。最后,文章认为应该借鉴审计中的中立性来重新审视会计准则执行中的中立性。     

The Economic Effects (Neutrality) of Taxes on Land

A bstract A recent review of the economic effects of land taxation by Steven Bourassa created the misleading impression that a tax on land will have pro-development or non-neutral effects where there are non pecuniary returns from land or where there are capital market imperfections preventing developers from obtaining all the land that they want for development This note argues that a tax on land value is generally neutral, and that this will be the case whether or not there are non pecuniary returns and capital market imperfections, provided that the existence and extent of the imperfections are independent of the tax     

Neutrality of buyer and seller commissions to auction house profit

This paper presents an examination of optimal revenue management of a monopoly auction house through which a seller sells goods via a second‐price auction. The house charges commissions to both the buyer and seller. Results demonstrate that a continuum of combinations of optimal buyer and seller commission rates exists, all of which yield the same expected profit of the house. Additionally, we discuss several possible factors that lead to the prevailing custom of zero buyer commission, such as commission aversion of buyers, the house's incentive to maximize the hammer price, and seller and buyer preferences for apparently lowered commission rates.     

The Irrelevance of Control Rights in Agency Models under Risk Neutrality

The allocation of control rights is a key issue in incomplete contracts. In this paper, we add an exit option, the right of early termination, to the standard agency model for employment contracts. We address two questions: (1) Who should have this right? (2) What is the effect of its inclusion in a contract? Under risk neutrality, we find that (1) it does not matter for investments and economic efficiency to whom this right belongs, although it may affect contractual terms and income sharing, and (2) although the allocation of this right does not matter, its inclusion can have either a positive or a negative effect on economic efficiency. Our analysis provides a benchmark for more general analyses on control rights under risk aversion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

区块链技术应用于碳中和的机遇与挑战

区块链作为一项颠覆性创新技术,具有数据可追溯、多方信任、分布式网络、智能合约等诸多特性,能够为我国实现碳中和提供更多的新思路.研究先对区块链技术在我国实现碳中和过程的应用前景进行了阐述,接着探讨了国家及各地政府的积极倡导、我国信息基础设施的不断完善以及能源区块链技术的不断发展等将区块链技术运用于碳中和实现进程中的机遇,最后探讨了在实现区块链技术通用化场景植入的过程中还存在着技术安全隐患、缺乏健全的安全管制以及统一的监管体系等需要面对的挑战.     

我国基础教育财政公平与财政中性的定量测度

利用2002-2009年我国31省市的基础教育数据,本文从财政公平与财政中性两个角度实证分析我国基础教育的财政资源配置。由于财政经费投入的不稳定性和不持续性,我国经济发展弱势省区的教育资源配置改善的困难较多。从教育的财政中性来看,我国普通小学教育经费受当地财政收入差异的影响最小,普通初中的教育经费受当地财政收入差异的影响最大。越是经济落后地区,教育经费支出受当地财政收入等经济状况影响就越大。     

碳中和目标下城市的逆现代性刍议

在碳中和目标下建设社会主义现代化将成为融合发展的新常态.在此背景下对城市现代性的新发展阶段——逆现代性进行辨析将与碳中和的实现息息相关.首先介绍了现代化和现代性,通过碳中和忧虑引出了逆现代性概念,并与反现代性进行辨析,分析了城市逆现代性的特点,最终对逆现代性和现代性进行了夷夏之辨.城市现代性与逆现代性协调共生发展将是一种新理性主义,可为我国碳达峰、碳中和及全面实现现代化的宏伟目标奠定理论基础.     

Visit planning by the rural family planning worker

This paper discusses a model of adoption of family planning methods in which the necessary conditions for acceptance are inferred from survey data. The dynamics of the adoption process is modelled as a Markov process. A dynamic programming formulation is used to find an optimal visit pattern for the field worker. The optimal solution recommends selectivity in visits. For the optimal strategy the relationship between total visit effort and the rate of acceptance is shown to be non linear and selectivity in visiting is shown to double acceptance. The strategy of selectivity was implemented in a field unit experiment, where the performance of the worker and the field unit was shown to improve considerably.     

规划理论二分法中的本体理论和程序理论

规划的本体理论与程序理论是规划理论二分法中最为显著的一组二元对立.首先界定了规划本体与规划程序之间的差异,然后通过辨析三组规划理论,即规划中的理论与规划的理论、系统理论与理性理论、导向型理论与交往型理论,深入探讨了规划的本体理论与程序理论之间的联系与区别,以及它们对规划方法和实践的影响.     

碳中和背景下电子企业战略采购管理的转型及策略

供应链管理能力越来越成为企业的核心竞争力,从企业战略层面进行供应链管理能力规划和执行,可以有效地降低产品成本、提升供应链竞争力、增加企业利润、让企业获得可持续发展.同时,在全球气候变暖的背景下,建立低碳采购供应链更符合企业发展和趋势,本文主要阐述基于碳中和背景下电子企业供应链管理战略采购的转型策略和思考.     

城市规划与社区规划的异同和互融

当前社区已成为我国城市结构中的基本构成,全面推进社区建设成为建设和谐社会的一项重要内容。从人文视角探索了基于社区发展理念的城市规划编制办法,以求将社区发展的规划理念、规划方法、规划内容与策略等有机地融入城市规划;并以位于杭州市旧城区的长庆单元控制性详细规划的编制为例,分析了操作层面的具体措施。     

都市圈规划:地域空间规划的新范式

作为一种新的地域空间结构,都市圈的规划需要不同于传统的新理念和新方法.文章在论述了都市圈相关概念和萌生背景之后,参考国外都市圈规划案例,总结了都市圈规划异于城镇体系规划的特质要求,并对都市圈规划的理念、方法做了探讨.     

A management planning model for the delivery of family planning services

A management planning model for the delivery of family planning services is presented. Markovian probabilistic properties have been adapted for projecting patient flow for a set of various alternative strategies for scheduling patient visits in a health care system. By quantitatively formulating the scheduling problem in terms of pertinent inputs, management objectives and imposed restrictions, optimization of patient flow in the system for efficient utilization of health care resources is achieved through standard linear programming techniques.     

天津城市规划历史沿革及启示

城市发展史是一部生动的城市经济社会生活变化史,也是一部城市规划史。天津迄今已有600多年建城史,形成了独特的城市文化。以天津城市发展进程和影响城市及城市规划的大事件为线索,系统梳理了天津城市规划历史沿革,旨在汲取历史经验,遵循发展规律,研究提出新时期做好天津城市规划管理工作的思路和方法。     

On iterative procedures of asymptotic inference

Abstract  An informal discussion is given on performing an unconstrained maximization or solving non-linear equations of statistics by iterative methods with the quadratic termination property. It is shown that if a miximized function, e.g. likelihood, is asymptotically quadratic, then for asymptotically efficient inference finitely many iterations are needed.     

Robust testing procedures of process locations

In many manufacturing and service industries, the quality department of the organization works continuously to ensure that the mean or location of the process is close to the target value. In order to understand the process, it is necessary to provide numerical statements of the processes that are being investigated. That is why the researcher needs to check the validity of the hypotheses that are concerned with some physical phenomena. It is usually assumed that the collected data behave well. However, sometimes the data may contain outliers. The presence of one or more outliers might seriously distort the statistical inference. Since the sample mean is very sensitive to outliers, this research will use the smooth adaptive (SA) estimator to estimate the population mean. The SA estimator will be used to construct testing procedures, called smooth adaptive test (SA test), for testing various null hypotheses. A Monte Carlo study is used to simulate the values of the probability of a Type I error and the power of the SA test. This is accomplished by constructing confidence intervals of the process mean by using the SA estimator and bootstrap methods. The SA test will be compared with other tests such as the normal test, t test and a nonparametric statistical method, namely, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Also, the cases with and without outliers will be considered. For the right-skewed distributions, the SA test is the best choice. When the population is a right-skewed distribution with one outlier, the SA test controls the probability of a Type I error better than other tests and is recommended.