Pricing derivatives with modeling CO2 emission allowance using a regime-switching jump diffusion model: with regime-switching risk premium

Carbon markets trade the spot European Union Allowance (EUA), with one EUA providing the right to emit one tone of carbon dioxide (CO₂). We examine the spot EUA returns in BlueNext that exhibit jumps and a volatility clustering feature. We propose a regime-switching jump diffusion model (RSJM) with a hidden Markov chain to capture not only a volatility clustering feature, but also the dynamics of the spot EUA returns that are influenced by change in the CO₂ emission economic conditions. In addition, the switching jump intensities of the RSJM are shown to be affected by change in the carbon-market macroeconomic environment. We further derive the theoretical futures-option prices with a constant convenience yield under the RSJM via the generalized Esscher transform where regime-switching risk is priced with a risk premium. The empirical study shows that the derived futures-option pricing model under the RSJM with regime-switching risk is a more complete model than a jump diffusion model for pricing CO₂ options.     

沪深300股指期货与现货指数的引导关系研究

以沪深300现货指数和当月沪深300股指期货连续合约的1分钟高频数据为样本,将数据分为上涨与下跌两个阶段,采用Granger因果检验、VAR模型、脉冲响应函数、方差分解和VEC模型对期货指数与现货指数的引导关系进行实证分析。研究发现在下跌阶段期货指数领先于现货指数,对现货指数有很强的引导作用,而期货指数的变动更多来源于自身滞后期的波动。在上涨阶段期货指数与现货指数互为格兰杰因果关系,两个指数之间存在很强的协同性,相互之间都具有很强的引导作用。