新巴塞尔协议及其对我国银行业的影响

自 1999年 6月首次征求意见稿面世以来 ,新巴塞尔协议已引起国际银行界的普遍关注。与1988年协议相比 ,新协议的内容更广泛、更复杂 ,这充分地反映了银行业的进步。毫无疑问 ,新协议的实施与推广也必将给银行业带来深刻的影响。本文在简要介绍新协议主要更新内容的基础上重点分析了它给我国银行业所带来的影响。     

The spillovers,interactions, and (un)intended consequences of monetary and regulatory policies

Have bank regulatory policies and unconventional monetary policies—and any possible interactions—been a factor behind the recent “deglobalisation” in cross-border bank lending? To test this hypothesis, we use bank-level data from the UK—a country at the heart of the global financial system. Our results suggest that increases in microprudential capital requirements tend to reduce international bank lending and some forms of unconventional monetary policy can amplify this effect. Specifically, the UK׳s Funding for Lending Scheme (FLS) significantly amplified the effects of increased capital requirements on cross-border lending. Quantitative easing did not appear to have a similar effect and countries with stronger prudential capital regulations were partially insulated against the effects of these changes in UK policy. We find that this interaction between microprudential regulations and the FLS can explain roughly 30% of the contraction in aggregate UK cross-border bank lending between mid-2012 and end-2013, corresponding to around 10% of the global contraction in cross-border lending. This suggests that unconventional monetary policy designed to support domestic lending can have the unintended consequence of reducing foreign lending.     

巴塞尔新资本协议与商业银行公司治理

巴塞尔新资本协议所倡导的不仅是全面风险管理的理念和先进的资本计量方法,更蕴含着丰富的公司治理原则和要求,包括:董事会应以全面风险管理的视角制定战略规划,董事会和高级管理层应积极参与全面风险管理体系的运作,商业银行应采取与审慎风险承担有效结合的薪酬激励机制等.在此基础上,本文从战略规划、董事会运作、沟通协调机制、风险管理...     

Does banks’ dual holding affect bank lending and firms’ investment decisions? Evidence from China

This study investigates the effect of banks’ dual holding on bank lending and firms’ investment decisions using a sample of listed firms in China. We find that dual holding leads to easier access to bank loans, a result that is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) than SOEs. We also find that dual holding distorts banks’ lending decisions and harms the investment efficiency for SOEs, while resulting in optimal lending decisions and enhanced investment efficiency for non-SOEs. For non-SOEs, further analysis suggests that optimal lending decisions and efficient investment can be achieved for firms with higher ownership concentration, and firms in which the family and foreign investors are the controlling shareholders. We argue that, in emerging markets, whether a bank plays a monitoring role by directly holding the debt and equity claims of companies relies heavily on whether the potential collusion between firm executives and bank managers can be averted, which in turn is determined by the firms’ governance framework and ownership structure.     

Capital regulation and bank risk‐taking – new global evidence

This study investigates the link between capital regulation and bank risk‐taking. Using a sample of over 1,800 banks in 135 countries, I find that the relationship between capital regulation and bank risk‐taking (measured by z‐score) is an inverse ‘U’ shape. That is, as capital ratios increase, a bank will take less risk initially, then more risk. These results are robust to numerous additional tests, including estimation methods. I also find that more stringent regulations mitigate the effect of higher capital on lowering bank risk‐taking. Increased capital requirements, even when risk‐based, induce risk‐taking at higher levels, irrespective of whether banks are well‐ or under‐capitalised.     

Asymmetric adjustments in the spread of lending and deposit rates: Evidence from extended threshold unit root tests

In this paper, we test for asymmetric adjustments in the spread of the U.S. prime lending rate and 3-month certificate of deposit rate. In doing so, we extend the pioneering threshold unit root tests of Enders and Granger (1998) to more flexible models where the deterministic terms and short-run dynamics, in addition to the persistent parameters, can differ in two regimes. While some previous works have tested for asymmetric adjustments in the spread of lending and deposit rates using threshold unit root tests, the deterministic terms and short-run dynamics were assumed to be symmetric, which can lead to bias and less accurate conclusions if these conditions do not hold. Overall, we find that the spread in lending and deposit rates is stationary but adjustment to the equilibrium is asymmetric. In particular, we find more rapid adjustment when the spread is narrowing below a threshold level than when widening above this level. Several theoretical implications are suggested.     

金融中介发展、利率市场化与县域资本配置效率

“先农村、后城市”的利率市场化改革以及县域金融中介体系的发展,共同推进了县域地区的金融深化进程,这对县域经济究竞带来了怎样的影响,是否可以通过优化资本配置效率促进经济增长？本文实证检验了金融中介发展以及利率管制放松对县域地区资本配置效率的影响。研究结果表明,金融中介的规模扩张促进了县域地区资本配置效率的改善;贷款利率上限的放开较为显著地改善了县域地区的资本配置效率,但随着利率市场化改革的推进．这种积极影响已逐步弱化．     

The effect of auditors’ internal control opinions on loan decisions

We examine the effect of internal control reports on lending officers’ assessments of a company’s creditworthiness. We suggest that an adverse internal control opinion can undermine the assurance provided by an unqualified opinion on financial statements taken as a whole and have a negative affect on lenders’ assessments. In addition, we investigate whether auditor size plays a role in determining the effect on lenders’ judgments.     

宏观审慎框架下防范跨境资本波动的国外经验与借鉴

2008年金融危机以来,发达经济体为提振本国经济,采取了量化宽松政策,致使大量资本流向新兴经济体。给许多新兴市场国家包括土耳其的金融稳定带来严重挑战。本文以此为背景探讨了土耳其在2010年末所采取的宏观审慎政策的有效性,分析了利率走廊机制平滑了外汇的供给波动的机理,并运用实例验证了储备选择机制在降低需求对供给波动的敏感度方面的效果,对新形势下我国防范跨境资本波动提供一定的政策参考。     

Discussion of “Capital mobility and international sharing of cyclical risk”

This is a comment on “Capital mobility and international sharing of cyclical risk.” The comment focuses on the authors' choice of portfolio adjustment costs in explaining limited international risk sharing. The comment raises two main issues. One is that investors hold large gross positions that vary significantly in value over the business cycle. The second is that it is difficult to identify portfolio adjustment costs from trade costs within the authors' environment.     

Capital requirements and claims recovery: A new perspective on solvency regulation

Protection of creditors is a key objective of financial regulation. Where the protection needs are high, that is, in banking and insurance, regulatory solvency requirements are an instrument to prevent that creditors incur losses on their claims. The current regulatory requirements based on value at risk (V@R) and average value at risk (AV@R) limit the probability of default of financial institutions, but they fail to control the size of recovery on creditors' claims in the case of default. We resolve this failure by developing a novel risk measure, recovery V@R. Our conceptual approach is flexible and allows the construction of general recovery risk measures for various risk management purposes. We provide detailed case studies and applications. We show that recovery risk measures can be used for performance-based management of business divisions of firms and discuss how to calibrate recovery risk measures to historical regulatory standards. Finally, we analyze how recovery risk measures react to the joint distributions of assets and liabilities on firms' balance sheets and compare the corresponding capital requirements with the current regulatory benchmarks based on V@R and AV@R.     

我国外资税收激励政策效应分析及调整对策

改革开放初期,税收激励政策对我国吸引外资和经济建设带来了积极的作用.随着我国经济市场化的逐步深入和经济国际化程度的日益提高,外资税收激励政策逐渐暴露出一些问题,产生了一些负面效应.因此,有必要重新审视我国的外资税收优惠,在"两税合一"的大方向下,对外资税收激励政策进行与时俱进的调整,继续发挥其引资的正效应.     

The Cyclical Relationships Between South Africa's Net Capital Inflows and Fiscal and Monetary Policies

This paper investigates the cyclical relationships between South Africa's post-liberalization net capital inflows and fiscal and monetary policies. Correlation analysis shows that the bulk of South Africa's capital inflows do not have a significant cyclical relationship with fiscal policy but have a procyclical and reactive cyclical relationship with monetary policy. Furthermore, causality analysis finds that fiscal policy reacts to monetary policy and capital flows, whereas capital flows react to monetary policy. Hence, these results suggest that South Africa's policymakers are in a better position to control the country's capital inflows using monetary policy than using fiscal policy.     

民间资本投资金融领域中存在的问题及建议——广西13市民间资本进入地方性贷款类法人金融机构发展情况调查

自2010年5月国务院出台促进民间投资的“新非公36条”以来,大量民间资本积极进入金融领域,有力促进了金融业的发展。本文结合“新非公36条”出台后广西13地市民间资本进入地方性贷款类法入金融机构的情况,总结了广西13地市民间资本进入地方性贷款类法人金融机构领域取得的成绩,发展的特点,深入分析了当前民间资本投资金融领域存在的问题,并对如何进一步促进民间资本在金融领域的健康发展提出了意见和建议。     

人口老龄化、推迟退休年龄对资本流动的影响

本文基于地区人口老龄化进程和经济发展的不对称性构建先富后老、先富未老、未富先老的模型结构,在开放经济下建立一个四地区世代交叠模型来分析中国人口老龄化对资本流动的影响。通过分析初始均衡和最终均衡之间经济变量的动态变化,本文结果显示资本会由人口快速老龄化地区流向老龄化速度相对较慢地区,这个结论意味着人口的快速老龄化使得中国成为资本输出大国。随着人口红利拐点到来,人口老龄化会显著降低中国的储蓄率,并导致资本输出减少。文章通过推迟退休年龄的政策试验,旨在为应对人口老龄化问题提供重要的参照作用。     

外资引进战略与中国银行业改革：效率与稳定的权衡

中国金融业的开放更多地具有外生性质,这意味着银行业引进外国资本将面临更大的金融风险;中国银行业改革偏好于外国资本,在客观上导致了政府某些部门或某些地方政府与外资“合谋”瓜分政府长期垄断银行业而形成的特殊利益,而这些利益本应属于中国社会公众;理论研究与实践分析均表明,引入外资尽管可能会提高银行业的微观效率,但这在一定程度上是以损害宏观经济稳定为代价的。中国银行业引进外资必须注意效率与稳定的权衡。谨慎、适度地引进外资是我们当前的合理选择。     

资本充足要求下货币政策与银行监管的联系

本文借鉴Kopecky-VanHoose有关资本约束对银行信贷影响的模型,将银行资本内生化,通过分析银行在资本充足率管理的约束条件下经营目标最优化情形,阐释了银行监管与货币政策的联系。文章最后针对我国银行业发展现状,分析资本充足要求下的银行监管和货币政策的联系对我国货币政策和银行监管政策制定的启示及对银行业管理的意义,并提出协调两者目标一致性的政策建议。     

商业银行操作风险的实证分析与风险资本计量

利用自上而下模型中的收入模型对银行操作风险进行度量,从宏观视角建立商业银行净利润与经济增长及银行不良资产间的对应关系,对国内两家商业银行的操作风险状况进行实证分析,并在此基础上得出对操作风险资本的计量.研究发现:收入模型可以在某种程度上反映操作风险的大小.目前,我国商业银行面临着较为严重的操作风险,其中,市场因素对收入的影响比信用因素的影响更为明显.     

The impact of the Arab Spring and the Ebola outbreak on African equity mutual fund investor decisions

Financial development and stock markets have been widely considered to be key factors in economic growth. Among institutional investors, mutual funds play a key role in providing financial resources to stock markets, particularly in developing countries. Different from other investments, mutual fund flows could be affected by retail investors’ behavior and their overreaction to specific events. We considered 78 equity mutual funds that are geographically specialized in African countries and observed monthly flows and performance for the period of 2006–2015. We find that two major events, Ebola and the Arab Spring, significantly affected the fund flows, controlling for fund performance, expenses and market returns. Retail investors over-reacted to these major events, withdrawing their savings from the African mutual funds. This result is particularly strong when connected to the media coverage of these events: the higher the number of articles about Arab Spring and Ebola, the higher the withdrawals. These irrational investors’ behavior damaged the funds’ managers market timing ability, and reduced the equity capital injection into African stock markets. Our results have several implications for both holders of frontier market mutual funds and the overall asset management industry.