进口氯化钾放射性调查及监测方法的探讨

通过对进口俄罗斯氯化钾γ射线外照射剂量率检测和钾-40、钍-232和镭-226放射性比活度的分析,掌握了进口俄罗斯氯化钾的放射性情况,了解到进口俄罗斯氯化钾的放射性基本来自钾-40,我们取得了基本数据,对二种监测方法进行了比较,为今后有关强制性标准提出建议.     

日本核泄漏近期对我国无不利影响 国家质检总局:加强核辐射物质入境监测

对于日本核泄漏问题,我国各相关部门高度关注,国家质检总局深为关切。鉴于目前福岛核电站事故的严重性和不确定性,质检总局已要求各地检验检疫机构加强对放射性物质入境的风险分析,切实做好口岸核与辐射物质监测工作。据国家海洋局海洋环境保护司相关人员介绍,国家海洋局正在组织相关监测,目前我国海域未发现任何异常。国家海洋局目前已启动海域放射性应急监测,对我国海域进行持续性监测。     

γ辐照装置安全联锁系统的改进研究

射线性环境剂量监测报警系统是用来监测放射性仪器仪表应用场所的环境剂量的系统.它是以单片机AT89C52为主控部分,由显示驱动控制PS7219、按键输入、声和光信号报警、RS232串口、参数掉电保护等电路构成的外围电路部分;由主控部分和外围电路两部分组成的放射性环境剂量监测系统.主控部分主要实现为系统测量提供精确的定时器,信号采集、分析与处理、数据显示、输出控制、修改和数据存储     

口岸安全查防装备一瞥——以厦门海关为例

<正>重剑固定式辐射探测设备固定式辐射探测设备堪称海关口岸安全工作中一把当仁不让的"重剑",它可以进行24小时实时监测,使用起来高效快捷,是当前口岸核辐射查防最重要的装备。在厦门五通码头,一名旅客经过"重剑"——通道式监测门时,探测设备发出警报。经查,该名旅客随身携带了6粒骰子,其放射性剂量当量率超本底值1000倍,远超国家标准限定值。     

口岸放射性检测仪器的使用

由于放射性物质的特殊性,使得放射性检测仪器成为放射性检验工作的基础。本文对放射性仪器的种类、应用进行了讨论,提出了全面布置、正确设置、规范使用、有效维护的使用原则。并对两种口岸常用放射性仪器编写了使用规范,供日常检验参考。     

封闭条件下的真空射流器水样取样方法和装置研究

水样的采集质量直接影响监测分析结果的可靠性.常规水处理取样多在敞开环境下进行.然而在如高温、高压、剧毒、腐蚀性、放射性等人体难以接触的场合,取样过程受到了极大的限制.本文以真空射流原理,拟设计用于上述危险性环境的取样装置,并通过实体实验确定在.     

大型海运集装箱港口放射性安全方案研究

放射性检测仪器的合理设置是确保放射性检验工作有效的基础。本文参照国际原子能机构推荐的多极检查方案,结合大型港口进出场道口设置的2种模式,对放射性安全仪器的设置方案进行对比讨论,综合考虑全面覆盖、经济合理、计量维修便捷等因素,提出了放射性安全仪器设置的推荐方案,供日常检验参考。     

铀矿放射性危害及监测简述

随着常用能源的日益枯竭,核燃料在能源应用上占的比重也越来越大,铀矿开采与环境的矛盾日益引起我们的关注,因此,我们有必要了解铀矿放射性危害及监测的基本知识。     

国际公约对放射性废物越境转移的一般规定和我国的防治对策

随着废金属国际贸易的发展,放射性废物随之越境转移的问题已日益成为一个国际问题.对此国际原子能机构1997年通过了《乏燃料管理安全和放射性废物管理安全联合公约》,旨在建立一个防止放射性废物非法越境转移的国际法框架.本文介绍了该公约对控制放射性废物越境转移的一般性规定,分析了其存在的主要问题,提出我国防治放射性废物越境转移应加强国内立法、完善技术标准、扩大国际合作等.     

BICRONASMⅢ放射性检测仪在陆路口岸的应用

放射线对人体健康的危害及对环境的污染是非常巨大的,尤其是一些用于核工业的放射性金属.满洲里检验检疫局公路口岸从1999年末开始使用BICRONASMⅢ放射性检测仪进行废金属检测工作,取得了相当好的效果.本文对BICRONASMⅢ放射性检测仪的结构组成、使用情况作了简要介绍,着重对BICRONASMⅢ放射性检测仪的性能指标及其测试进行介绍,并对在铁路口岸的性能测试及结果分析进行阐述,希望对即将和已经开展废金属检测工作的检验检疫局提供一些有价值的信息.     

大港放射性安全人力资源配备和培训方案的研究

我国大型港口的放射性安全至关重要,急需一支技术过硬的检测和应急处置队伍。本文着重阐述了建设这样一支队伍所必须的人力资源要素以及相应的人员培训方案,并介绍了提升检验检疫系统放射性检验技术人员综合素质的具体措施以及对改进放射性安全管理人员的组织结构提出了设想。     

放射性检测仪器原理及应用

由于放射性危害巨大,且一般情况下必须借助专门仪器方可感知,因此检验检疫人员必须对放射性检测仪器有所了解。本文对放射性检测仪器的主要探测器种类及其原理进行了说明,详细介绍了口岸和实验室常用的各种放射性仪器,并对其应用进行了分析,提出了指导性的应用意见。     

论信息特点、决策与公司治理的关系

从信息的角度 ,利用委托—代理理论和信息经济学的思想分析如何通过完善公司治理机制来保证上市公司的信息披露质量 ,从而保护投资者利益。在我国上市公司大多存在国有股独大和大股东控制的情况下 ,应考虑加强治理结构的监控效能 ,构想建立以审计委员会为中心的“密集监控体系”。     

Monitoring Costs,Managerial Ethics and Corporate Governance: A Modeling Approach

This article evaluates effectiveness and costs of external regulation, in particular the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) in restricting managerial malfeasance and safeguarding shareholder interests. It discusses the role of managerial ethics as an alternative corporate governance mechanism to protect shareholder value. This article builds a mathematical model to illustrate shareholders’ choices of best corporate governance mechanisms, taking into account the influence of managerial ethics, effectiveness and costs of monitoring. We suggest that the best corporate governance design and the optimal monitoring expenses are influenced by managerial types, monitoring efficiency, and effectiveness of ethics education. We conclude that stringent regulation and monitoring may not always enhance shareholder value. When managerial ethics could be improved by ethics education or social norms, ethics education may be a better alternative than stringent regulation.     

建立口岸放射性突发事件应对机制的研究

本文主要介绍了口岸面临的放射性事件的特点和主要类型以及口岸放射性风险防控现状,并对如何更好地建立、健全口岸放射性突发事件应对机制进行了研究。     

Corporate social monitoring in South Africa: A decade of achievement,an uncertain future

Corporate social monitoring has reached its most systematic form and has had the most practical impact with regard to companies doing business in South Africa. The Sullivan Principles have guided the monitoring system for U.S. companies, of which about 166 remain in South Africa and about 140 have withdrawn. However, corporate social monitoring in South Africa is currently subject to certain tensions. The Rev. Sullivan has called for the withdrawal of U.S. companies, and has himself withdrawn from the monitoring effort.This paper discusses the economic climate for U.S. business in South Africa both historically and currently, the conflicting pressures experienced by U.S. companies remaining there, and the effectiveness of strategies aimed to create pressure for companies to withdraw, including divestment resolutions, purchasing restrictions, and sanctions.Current attempts to retain a form of corporate social monitoring are described. The potential politicization of the system is discussed, with particular attention paid to the formation of a new structure which could come to provide the moral leadership formerly provided by the Rev. Sullivan. However, corporate social monitoring could become confused with an anti-sanctions lobbying effort on the part of corporations, and would lose credibility if this were to occur.Karen Paul is an Associate Professor of Management at Rochester Institute of Technology. The research for her article was completed while she was 1987–88 Peace Fellow at the Bunting Institute of Radcliffe College, and was also supported by a Fulbright Senior Research Grant.     

Applications of corporate social monitoring systems; types,dimensions, and goals

This article discusses the development and application of various types of corporate social monitoring systems. Boycotts are a relatively simple form of social monitoring system which aim to produce changes in corporate social behavior. Boycotts may be organized by a single group, or by a number of groups simultaneously. Rating systems may be organized around a single issue, such as the Sullivan Principles rating scheme, or may include multiple companies and multiple issues, such as shopping guides or ethical investment systems.Monitoring systems may be unidimensional or multidimensional, qualitative or quantitative, and absolute or relative. Consumers and investors appear to be the groups most likely to be targeted in these schemes. The importance of these monitoring systems appears to be increasing as both consumers and investors become more interested in using social criteria in decision-making.Karen Paul is Professor of Business & Society at Florida International University. She has been a Senior Fulbright Research Fellow and Peace Fellow of the Bunting Institute of Radcliffe College at Harvard University. She has done extensive research on the use of the Sullivan Principles and other corporate codes of conduct in South Africa, and on corporate issues involving environmental ethics.Steven D. Lydenberg has extensive experience in corporate social monitoring at the Council for Economic Priorities and Franklin Research and Development Corp., and currently as Director of Research at the ethical investing firm of Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini, and Co., Inc. in Cambridge, Mass. He is the senior author ofRating America's Corporate Conscience.     

Economics at the American Chemistry Council

This article examines the role of the economics team at the American Chemistry Council, a major trade association representing the leading companies in the business of chemistry. The history of the team, its organization, its role in providing good statistics, monitoring and forecasting business conditions, conducting policy analysis, and thoughts on managing professionals are presented.