Localization of foreign multinational companies in Korea

In response to the 1997 Asian financial crisis that devastated the Korean economy, the government performed promotional efforts, comprehensive structural reform, and implemented policies to create a favorable environment for foreign direct investment (FDI). While the Korean government announced deregulation plans to support foreign companies, the public also became more aware of the need for foreign capital to overcome the crisis and revive the economy. The change of atmosphere and the perception on the need to induce the inflow of foreign capital provided the basis for this study. In addition, the crucial role of foreign multinational companies and their efforts to achieve market recognition in a more comprehensive way have provoked this study on the localization of foreign multinational companies in Korea. Investment purposes, entry methods, and the degree of competition by multinational companies in Korea were the variables that lead these companies to respond to localization.     

西方企业多元化经营理论述评

大多数企业不选择生产单一一种产品,而是选择同时生产几种产品,这一现象被称为企业多元化经营。企业多元化经营现象与古典企业理论相悖。自20世纪50年代以来,随着西方企业多元化的普及,微观经济学、公司金融学和战略管理学等不同领域的学者都曾从各自的研究领域对企业多元化的原因进行了解释。文章以一种开阔的视野,对这部分文献进行了完整、系统的总结和述评。     

我国外资优惠政策的战略性调整:基于跨国公司的分析框架

外资优惠政策的主要目的就是吸引外资。我国现行外资优惠政策存在不少问题:与跨国公司的投资实力不符;与跨国公司的投资战略不符;与跨国公司的投资区位不符;与跨国公司的投资方式不符。因此,我国现行的外资优惠政策应进行战略性调整:依据聚集经济的原则,产业政策和区域政策相结合培育各具特色的大都市经济圈;依据可持续发展的原则,培育我国具有自主核心技术的国际大型跨国公司;依据公平竞争的原则,最终形成基于规则型的竞争政策。     

强化跨国公司在华社会责任及对我国企业的启示

文章从提出企业社会责任的概念出发,分析了跨国公司在华社会责任弱化的趋向表现,探讨了其存在问题的原因;在此基础上,又从理念训导与法律强制并重、应发挥工会保障劳动者权益的作用、构建社会责任指标体系和评价体系、树立正确的政绩观、取消外企的“超国民待遇”等方面对我国政府应如何强化跨国公司在华承担社会责任提出了政策建议;并结合我国的实际国情,对我国企业提升社会责任意识和承担社会责任提出了相应的对策。     

跨国公司资金管理策略与我国的对策

跨国公司全球化运作,要求跨国公司在全球范围内安排资金、人力和物力等企业资源,其中,对跨国公司的资金管理成了跨国公司各项业务的首要,是跨国公司管理的核心。为了有效推动公司全球战略的实施,跨国公司制定了严密的资金管理目标、策略,同时对资金管理技术也做了较为全面的规划。面对跨国公司全球资金管理策略,中国必须采取相应措施,在利用好外资的同时,防止外资运动对我国经济的不良影响。     

跨国公司在华营销战略演变对我国企业的启示

中国加入世界贸易组织以后,跨国公司正迅速扩大在华投资规模,新一轮的投资和市场进入使得中国市场的国际化竞争日趋白热化。面对跨国公司在华深广度结合的市场推进和日趋激烈的市场竞争,我国企业如何进行应对变得非常紧迫。文章通过对跨国公司在中国的营销战略演变进行分析,认识其营销发展战略的特征及在华成长与发展的现状,为我国企业应对跨国公司的挑战和自身进行跨国经营提供借鉴和对策。     

相互依存视阈下的中国跨国公司对美直接投资

文章认为,跨国公司的对外直接投资活动及其所产生的政治经济影响已经使得跨国公司成为影响国际关系的重要非国家行为体,对于国家间相互依存的关系起到了日益增进的作用。目前不断增长的中国跨国公司对美国直接投资活动根本上有利于两国的经济利益,也对两国日益加深的相互依存的经济政治关系产生着越来越广泛和重要的影响。     

跨国公司在我国合资行为与市场结构演变

近年来,跨国公司以与我国国有企业合资的现象逐渐增多。在国有企业控制的行业内,大中型国有企业一般还拥有行政垄断优势,大型跨国公司具有经济性垄断优势。分析表明,双方市场势力都强、横向合资与进入壁垒高,合资最可能巩固甚至强化行政垄断地位,并增强经济性垄断势力,市场结构更集中。市场进入壁垒低或国有企业市场势力相对较弱时的各种方式合资,虽然合资的市场结构效应不明显,但合资可能增强经济性垄断并削弱行政垄断优势,造成国有企业资源流失。     

Investigating Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investments： How Can Firm-level Data Help？

The empirical literature on China＇s outward foreign direct investment mainly relies on aggregate data from official statistics, but the reliability of such data is currently a matter of concern because it does not take account of relevant features such as industry breakdown, ownership structure and entry mode. A novel firm-level database, EMENDATA, compiled by matching data from several available sources on various types of cross-border deals and including information on group structure, provides a more accurate picture and enables new empirical analyses of the rapidly increasing presence of Chinese companies abroad. Based on this database, this paper offers a more precise assessment of the geographical and sector specialization patterns of Chinese outward foreign direct investment into Europe and suggests new avenues for future research.     

我国环境保护投融资主体多元化的发展趋势

新中国成立60年来,我国环境保护投入资金的渠道已从单纯的政府财政扩展为政府和企业双支柱。然而,为了扩大资金来源、提高投资管理效率、分散项目风险,我国环境保护投融资必须走多元化发展的道路。在新的社会环境和经济环境下,我国投融资多元化的方式将不断创新和发展,呈现出政府角色逐步丰富、受益者及污染制造者缴费制度建立、民间资本参与方式多样化、公益性捐助作用增大等主要趋势。     

外商来华直接投资与中国企业对外投资的差异分析

中国的引进来和走出去是发展失衡还是渐趋平衡?本文从投资规模、投资产业、投资形式和投资政策四个方面进行了分析。     

Technology Transfer from Acquisition FDI and the Absorptive Capacity of Domestic Firms: An Empirical Investigation

This paper seeks to establish the role of absorptive capacity in technology transfer from acquisition FDI in U.K. manufacturing. It finds that the rate of productivity change following a foreign take-over is higher the higher the pre-acquisition productivity level of the acquired firm, indicating the importance of absorptive capacity. However, beyond some critical level of initial productivity, the rate of technology transfer due to foreign acquisition starts to decline. It seems that U.K. acquisition targets that had been operating nearer the domestic technology frontier have less to gain from their association with foreign multinationals.     

Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam's Economic Transition*

This paper compares the economic performance of foreign multinational corporations (MNC) and local firms in Vietnam, distinguishing between two distinct types of local firms: state‐owned enterprises (SOE) and non‐SOE. Between the mid‐1990s and 2000, foreign MNC in Vietnam's economy grew very rapidly, but their growth has been much slower thereafter. Consistent with the theoretical suggestion that MNC possess relatively large amounts of firm‐specific assets related to production technology, marketing networks and management know‐how, these comparisons suggest that foreign MNC were generally larger and had higher labor productivity, capital intensity, wage levels, investment propensities and trade propensities than non‐MNC. On the other hand, foreign MNC tended to have relatively low capital productivity and wage shares of value added, while results regarding profitability were mixed. In general, these differentials tended to be relatively small between foreign MNC and SOE, and SOE tended to be larger than foreign MNC in terms of employment. Correspondingly, comparisons of foreign MNC with non‐MNC generally revealed more consistent differences, largely because the local private sector is still very underdeveloped in Vietnam.     

Strategic Intellectual Property Rights Policy and North-South Technology Transfer

This paper analyzes welfare implications of protecting intellectual property rights (IPR) in the framework of TRIPS for developing countries (South) through its impact on innovation, market structure and technology transfer. In a North-South trade environment, the South sets its IPR policy strategically to manipulate multinationals’ decisions on innovation and location. Firms can protect their technology by exporting or risk spillovers by undertaking FDI to avoid tariffs. A stringent IPR regime is always optimal for the South as it triggers technology transfer by inducing FDI in less R&D-intensive industries and stimulates innovation by pushing multinationals to deter entry in high-technology sectors. JEL no. O34, F23, F13, L13, O32, L11, O38